17 MAY 1935

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* * The Leadership of Poland The death of Marshal

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Pilsudski has added one more to the factors making for instability in Europe. The dead dictatOr occupied an anomalous position in Poland. Technically he was merely Minister of...

Signor Mussolini and Abyssinia The speech of Signor Mussolini on

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Abyssinia must be recognized for what it is, a speech by Signor Mussolini to his own people. The threat, a few years ago, to build Italian aeroplanes till they blotted out the...

NEWS OF THE WEEK

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I F Herr Hitler's postponed speech to the Reichstag is delivered next Tuesday, as at present intended, it will come just twenty-four hours before the defence debate, which will...

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* * * *

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Breach of Promise Cases Much publicity has been given to the breach of promise action brought against Lord Revelstoke because, as Mr. Justice Swift pointed out, it happened...

Air-raid Drill for Civilians Last - Tuesday Paris followed the example

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of Berlin in putting the civilian population through practice defence measures against an imaginary air raid ; and - in this country also the Home Office is preparing plans for...

* * * The South African Protectorates . The'case for

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immediate discussion with the • Government of the Union of South Africa regarding the transfer of the Protectorates to that Government is put at its highest in the three...

The Dollar Exchange Mr. Morgenthau, the Secretary of the American

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Treasury, made a speech over the wireless on Monday on the American dollar whose significance is not quite plain. Whilst he asserted that America cannot contemplate...

Higher Houses The maximum permitted height of buildings in London

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is at present unreasonably low, but there is danger that revision of the law may be too much in favour of the site-owner. The. Building Acts Committee of the London County...

* The Training of Doctors • Dissatisfaction with the curriculum

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• for the training of medical men led some time ago to the calling of a con- ference of representatives of the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge and London, the Royal College of...

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The Week in Parliament

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Our Parliamentary correspondent writes : The new attack that has been launched on the Foreign Secretary- ship of Sir John Simon has its roots in the fear felt on all hands at...

The Provincial Daily Press

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Mr. Lloyd George, speaking at the annual dinner of the Newspaper Society last Tuesday, recalled the serious daily papers on which he was brought up in his youth, and contrasted...

There is a strong opinion that the Jubilee will have

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important reactions on our position in Europe. Members one and all bring back remarkable accounts of the extent to which it was celebrated in their constituencies. It was always...

Women of the Countryside

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The Women's Institute movement increases its value to the community every year. New horizons have been opened out for the village-dweller by the wireless and the motor-'bus and...

Dividends and Wages

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There is a not very remote connexion between Mr. Angus Watson's address to the Congregational Union 'on the Stewardship of Wealth and the discussion on Ministers' stipends on...

* * *

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Next year is regarded by the experts as the most critical to European peace. It is argued that by then Germany's superiority in the air by reason of her pos- • session of the...

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HERR HITLER AND VERSAILLES

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S OON after these words appear Herr Hitler will, if existing - intentions hold good, have delivered his postponed speech on foreign policy. Of its contents there is no...

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THE EDUCATION OF A CITIZEN

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" . j. ASK you to remember. that in days to come you will JL be citizens of a great Empire.'" Such were the words which the King addressed specially to children in his broadcast...

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I am very glad to see full appreciation given by

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the Press to the almost pathetic display of loyalty throughout the poorer parts of London and other great cities. The decorations there are most of their home-made and mean ten...

Dr. Burkitt was, I believe, the only layman to hold

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a divinity professorship at Oxford or Cambridge: So at least I am assured, though I invite contradiction. A great textual critic and a great higher critic, he was convinced...

Marshal Pilsudski was a strange mixture of charac- teristics and

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emotions. Despite the tension with Lithuania he had always a latent affection for that small country because he was born there. A story I was told when I was last in Warsaw...

There is some resentment, I gather, in Government offices at

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the method adopted to whip up subscriptions from civil servants to the Jubilee Trust Fund. Purely civil offices have circulated an appeal signed not only by Sir Warren Fisher of...

— New York Nation.

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But after all not much harm - will come of it so long as they stick to Gurton and Noonham and leave their own women's colleges alone, JANUS,

* * * It is particularly fortunate „that the Office

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of Works; which has had so much responsibility for Jubilee arrange ments, particularly the arrangements in Westminster Hall on - Tuesday, has I: ad at its head at this tithe-...

The assistant literary editor of the Morning Post, I see,

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is anxious (if someone will finance him) to start a new periodical dealing solely with books and providing the public with reviewing that really is reviewing. I have some...

A SPECTATOR'S NOTEBOOK

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W HO started the idea of a Silver Jubilee, for which, after all, there was no precedent ? I find from a study of Hansard that the first - reference to it in Parlia- ment was on...

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THE GERMAN CAULDRON:I

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By H. POWYS GREENWOOD T GOT back from Berlin the day after the Jubilee, having. been. obliged to stay over for an interview with General von Reichenau, now for obvious -reasons...

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PUBLIC WORKS AND PUBLIC MONEY

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By AUSTIN HOPKINSON, M.P. P OLITICAL optimists, of whom I am one, may well feel that their faith in the fundamental common sense of our - people is being justified . by the...

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JOZEF PILSUDSKI

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By COUNT HANS HUYN 'LIVERY 250 years the womb of history has produced .1'.4 a great ruler of Poland. It is just 500 years since the death of the greatest name in Polish...

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THE NIGHT COURT By A. R. V. BARKER I T was

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all on account of a five dollar bill. I had hardly found my land legs when a taxi-driver absconded with 'My five 'dollar bill. I was sufficiently annoyed at the pecuniary loss...

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OTHER-WORLDLINESS

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By the REV. F. H. BALLARD I T is always interesting to watch change in popular thought and to note how " time makes ancient - good uncouth." In the last half-century change has...

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WILD TREES IN BLOSSOM By H. E. BATES F OR four

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months, from March until the end of June, the wild flowering trees of this country are at their best. Unlike the trees of gardens, they seem to have no years of shyness, the...

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DIRECT subscribers who are changing their addresses are asked to

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notify l'HE SPECTATOR office BEFORE MIDDAY on MONDAY OF EACH WEEK. The Previous address to which the paper has been sent and receipt reference number should.be quoted.

MARGINAL COMMENTS

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By ROSE MACAULAY W ITH the arrival of our so-called summer, lovers of cold air and hard beds are, no doubt, laying their plans for agrosomnia, or sleeping in fields, ditches,...

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STAGE AND SCREEN

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The Theatre in Russia THE contentions made in the instructive volume on the Soviet Theatre which P. A. Markey contributed last autumn to Mr. Gollancz's series of intelligent...

"Drake of England." At the Regal Tars film comes from

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the .Elstree studios of British Interna- tional Pictures, who usually specialize—very successfully— in comedies and romances for a popular public. Now, stimulated by the...

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Hunde bellen. Dich an

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[Von einem Deutschen Korrespondenten] IN Frankfurt hat vor kurzem ein internationaler Hundekon- gres.s stattgefunden. Es wurde in alien Sprachen gebellt, geheult und gewinselt....

Art

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Selection ENc.usn connoisseurship had such a bad reputation in the eighteenth century that " good enough to deceive an English- man " was the lowest praise that could be given...

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A Deserted Dog

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The most lusty dog of my acquaintance is of the Heinz variety, and is endowed with the intelligence that belongs to many mongrels. He is not a perfect character ; and is cer-...

English Quails Among the less usual birds that nested in

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North Devon last year was the quail. A farmer cut over the nest and reported to a local naturalist that he -had disclosed one of those landrail nests. _ He found it to contain a...

Plant Sanctuaries Botanists and entomologists have long been urgent that

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parts of North Devon should be given to the National Trust or made into sanctuary by other, means. Last year two insects, one a little and one a large moth, which were new to...

COUNTRY LIFE Save the Coast Wherever you may be along

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the coast of Britain you find among the dwellers there an ardent desire for protection. It is like a personal insult to see barbed wire or warnings against trespassets, and much...

The keepers of. country. calendars have Made many new records

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• this spring,- though not everything is early. I -found May blossom fully opened (in Hampshire) on May 1st. Foxtail grasses were in full seed before Easter Sunday, and the...

Seaside Prohibition Some owners, indeed many owners of property along

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the shore, an wise and careful enough. Over one very lovely stretch of coast in North Devon a proclamation is set up in bold capitals on a board, containing three prohibitions....

Devon Dunes

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Sonic curious uses are made of the edge of the sea. I visited one area of rough dunes that has been famous, and indeed still is, for the number and rarity of the birds, insects...

Briareus Tulips In a small Oxford garden are now blooming

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a number of Darwin tulips, which make more than double the show that was expected of them when the bulbs were planted last autumn. Numbers of the stalks hear two or three...

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" RECOMMENDATION LETTERS "

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[To the Editor of THE SPECTATOR.] S1R,—I would call your attention to some remarkable, but little realized facts, concerning the administration of one of the greatest and most...

ITALY AND ABYSSINIA

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[To the Editor of DIE SPECTATOR.] SIR,—In his letter on Italy and Abyssinia in your issue of "April 26th, Comrnendatore Villari mentions the " rabid xenophobia " of the...

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

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[Correspondents are requested to keep their letters as brief as is reasonably possible. The most suitable length is that of one of our " News of the Week" paragraphs. Signed...

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THE KING AS PRESBYTERIAN [To the Editor of THE SPECTATOR.]

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don't suppose you wish to devote much more of your space to this topic, but as I started the hare, may I be permitted another Say ? As a Scotsman, I am quite aware that the King...

THE THEORY OF THE LEISURED CLASS [To the Editor of

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THE SPECTATOR.] SIR, —I hold no brief for the rentier or leisured class of Society, but I cannot allow one statement of Mr. Kenneth Bradshaw, in your issue of last week, to pass...

CHURCH AND KING [To the Editor of THE SPECTATOR.] SIR, —Your

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correspondentS have lately raised the question of the place of the King in the oeconomy of the English Church, and last week you allowed more than a page to Dr. Matthews'...

THE ATTACK ON THE BANKS [To the Editor of THE

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SPECTATOR.] S111,—In reply to Mr. Brand, without going into unnecessary detail or repeating what on various occasions 'I have already written in letters to The Spectator, the...

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[To the Editor of THE SPECTATOR.] SIR,—Your correspondents, Mr. J.

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Stewart Cook and Mr. Peter Joslin, do not seem to be able to see the wood for the trees. It is true that. East Anglia enjoyed such crumbs as fell from the subsidy ; but the...

UNEMPLOYMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS

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[To the Editor of THE SPECTATOR.] Sia,—Major , Reynolds' articles on unemployment have only described a very familiar situation. We can go on opening occupational clubs and...

THE BEET SUGAR MILLIONS

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[To the Editor of THE SPECTATOR.] Sia,—In the fierce and (if you will forgive my saying so) partisan attack upon the British Sugar Beet industry in your issue of 26th ult., you...

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ELECTORAL POLICY

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. [To the Editor of THE SPECTATOR.] a recent article in The News-Letter, the National Labour Fortnightly, it was suggested that " it is time that we returned to the position of...

GENERAL MONCK

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[To the Editor of THE SPECTATOR.] SIR,—With regard to the statement by Janus, in your Notebook of May 10th, not. only did General Monck never fight against King Charles 1, but...

FOREIGN TONGUES

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[To the Editor of THE SPECTATOR.] SIR, —I was almost stunned by the unsurpassable insularity of which your correspondent, Mr. G. S. Cockin, made such a pitiable display in his...

" FAREWELL TO FIFTH AVENUE "

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[To the Editor of Tni SiicikrOB.] SIR,—It is only in the rarest cases that a publisher should protest against the review of a bOok which has appeared , under his imprint : but...

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The Age of Wonder

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By L. A. G. STRONG OF all contemporary men of genius Mr. De la Mare has been worst served by his- admirers. Not by them all, -naturally; but for every one who has.taken his...

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The Lives of Scientists

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13ritish Scientists of the Nineteenth Century. By J. G. Crowther. (Kogan Paul. 12s. Eid.) MR. CROWTHER has put together a curious book. He has chosen five of the leading...

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Imperial Problems

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IN this volume Professor Coupland has collected lectures and addresses delivered at his own university and elsewhere, travel notes and articles contributed to The Times and...

Marxism with a Difference

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Tnn thesis of this book is very simple. The world consists of Haves and Have-Nots. The Haves are in favour of Peace and the Have-Nots are in favour of Justice. Their demand for...

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A Hopkins Number

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New Verse ; April 1935. Edited by Geoffrey Grigson. (6d.) , THE operation of poetry is complex ; no single theory can ,go far towards explaining it, 'and no sin' type of...

Mutiny in the Fleet

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Tam discipline of any service -will depend, obviously, upon the acceptance of• conditions by those who are brought under its control. In the stress of battle, or even that of...

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Domenico Scarlatti

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A Background for Domenico Scarlattl (1685-1757). By Sacheverell Sitwell. (Faber and Faber. 5s.) IT is good for us to be reminded that, besides Bach and Handel, another very...

A Rural Synthesis

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Village England. By Sir William Beach Thomas. (Maclehose. 8s. 6d.) - As with The Yeoman's England last year, Sir William Beach Thomas has again collected his year's...

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Lawrence and Miriam D. H. Lawrence. A Personal Record. By

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E. T. (Cape. 5s.) OF the achievement of D. H. Lawrence might be said what Chaucer observed of Predestination : " of it is greet dis- ptitisoun, and hath ben, of an hundred...

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Current Literature

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THE MANCHURIAN ARENA : AN AUSTRALIAN VIEW OF THE FAR EAST By F. M. Cutlack The author of this little book (The Australia Book Co., 2s. 6d.) accompanied Mr. Latham, the...

Fiction

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THE difference between authors who can write but will not take pains and authors who are willing to take any amount of pains but cannot write is that the first sins against God...

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THE VOYAGE OF THE TAI-MO-SHAN By Martyn Sherwood, R.N.

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Writers who go adventuring -in search of copy provide most of our modem books about the sea, and it is from them that most people derive their impression of sailing the ocean in...

PIONEER SHIPOWNERS By Clement Jones

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- In the nineteenth century, England won her commercial supremacy largely as the result of private enterprise. As Mr. Clement Jones points-out-the time was ripe for the rapid...

THE MODERN MOVEMENT IN PAINTING By T. W. Earp Even

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a confirmed dislikes of coloured reproductions ' of all kinds can yet recommend the volume, The Modern Movement in Painting (Studio, 7s. 6d.) which forms . the special spring...

THE MAGIC GATE OF THE SAHARA By Angelo Piccioli T h e

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M a g ic . • i Gate of the Sahara (Methuen, 12s. 6d.) is a series of little connected jottings collected , during an extended tour of Tripoli. It is somewhat out s ide the usual...

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Finance

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Cheap Money and the Investor WE seem to be living in times when the problem of the Debtor receives far greater attention than . that of the Creditor. The most striking instance...

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Twenty-five Years of Insurance _

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INSURANCE has developed tremendously since George V . came to the throne. The increase in the twenty-five years of his reign has been much greater than in all the years that had...

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AN INDUSTRIAL IMPROVEMENT.

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The latest Report of John Brown and Co., the shipbuilder- for the financial year ending March 31st last, - shows quite IL remarkable improvement. The trading and . investmei:t...

* * * *

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Two GOOD INSURANCE REPORTS. The latest Report of the Conamercial Union Assurance Company shows that the Company achieved very successful results in 1934. From the Fire Account...

Dubrioes' FINANCIAL POLICY.

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At the time when, in spite of a considerable increase in profits, fhe directors of the Dunlop Rubber Company announced that the dividend was merely to be maintained at the same...

Financial Notes

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JUBILEE MARKETS. ALTHOUGH the Jubilee celebration week is over, its effects remain. There is little doubt that the remarkable demonstra- tion of loyalty which was evoked here...

The Liverpool and London and Globe Insurance Company have published

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their Report for 1934, showing very excellent results. The total underwriting profits, exclusive of interest. amounted -to £50 1 7,388, against £376,377 in 1933. The Fire...

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"The Spectator" Crossword No.138

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BY ZENO [A prize of one guinea will be given to the sender of the first correct solution of the crossword puzzle to be opened. Envelopes should be marked " Crossword Puzzle,"...

SOLUTION TO CROSSWORD NO. 137

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S I t-4 °IN/GL l El ' Alr El S I TrET EiMi Lil Ti EMI Al S PITI AlpIAINI s Iwi Ems, Ti El C/111114 IIC A L IIT IIN T Enr B 1 L = ', DIE i4 Cll.; jSIE11.1 E N IIIRI ° Ai Til...