15 MARCH 1930

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News of the Week The Defeat of the Government O N

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Tuesday, the Government were defeated by a majority of eight on the levy proposal in the Coal Mines Bill. The levy was by no essential to the Bill, having been put in not so...

The Naval Conference , The Naval Conference, when we write

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on Thursday, is nearer a deadlock that it has ever been. The most important events of the week have been the announce- ment by Great Britain that she will not agree to a Locarno...

Last week Mr. Gandhi sent to the Viceroy a letter

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beginning " Dear friend;" . in which lie announced . that as he held British rule to be a curse he could do nothing but resist it. He added, " I do not intend to harm a single...

. Superficially it seemed paradoxical that the Unionists, as a

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Party, should oppose the coalowners' wish for a levy. Colonel Lane-Fox, however, said, quite justifiably in our opinion, and the proposal meant subsidizing foreign buyers and...

In an admirable broadcast • message to the United States

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the Prime Minister said that the bonds of war —that is to say warlike preparations—can never be the security of peace. The Times says that M. Briand; who is .undoubtedly a "...

EDITORIAL AND PUBLISHING OFFICES : 99 Gower Street, London, W.C.

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1.—A Subscription to the SPECTATOR costs Thirty Shillings per, annum, including postage, to any part of the world. The SPECTATOR it registered as a Newspaper. The Postage on...

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On Monday, in the House of Commons, Mr, J. II.

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Thomas once more took up the burden of his disheartening song about unemployment. We have written upon this subject in our first leading article, and need say here only that the...

He is also thwarted by the preposterous net-work of international

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tariffs which prevent freedom of exchange. Yet the tariff maniacs who wish to perpetuate this difficulty are among his most bitter critics. Finally, it must be admitted that...

The Young Plan, the Reichstag and the Reichsbank On Wednesday

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the Young Plan and the Associated Finance Bills received their final reading in the Reichstag. The election of Dr. Luther to the Presidency of the Reichsbank in place of Dr....

Australia and Protection The Australian House of Representatives reopened on

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Wednesday. The Labour Prime Minister, Mr. Scullin, is striking out wildly amid a sea of troubles. With only some Six million inhabitants in a continent as large as the United...

The Floods in France The floods in South-Western France have

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devastated the greater part of eight Departments. When we write, the waters have not yet spent their fury. So far, the lives lost number some four hundred, and ten thousand...

To finish off the picture, there are an unsound financial

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structure and unemployment figures proportionately higher than those of Great Britain. The Government's new proposal seems to be to pile Pelion on Ossa by a new schedule of...

The Tariffs Conference at Geneva Just as in London, where

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the French seem so satisfied with their own logic that they forget that the Naval Conference was summoned to translate into terms of naval disarmament the progress which has...

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The Army Estimates and the Total Estimates The full figures

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of the Army Estimates are not published when we write, but it is known that there is to be a decrease of E45,000. The Secretary for War, in his memorandum, remarks on the...

The Air Force Estimates The Air Force Estimates for 1930

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show an increase of 1910,700. The addition to the strength is one squadron to the Home Defence unit, one flying-boat squadron and two Fleet Air Arm flights. There is an increase...

* * * * Our Irish Number This week we

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publish an Irish Number similar to the Scottish Number which appeared last year on May 25th. Mr. Cosgrave, President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State, and Mr. H....

The Grain Trade Means of helping the grain trade have

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lately been the concern 'of all the Parties. Mr. E. F. Wise's plans for large-scale purchase and stabilization of prices have been discussed without prejudice in the House of...

Mr. W. H. Taft We regret to record the death

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of Mr. Taft. He had recently resigned the office of Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States owing to continual ill-health. His reconstruction of the Philippines...

Mr. Edward Strutt Mr. Edward Strutt, who has died at

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the age of seventy-five, was an extremely active and progressive agriculturist, bringing to his work many of the methods now known under the collective heading of " Rationali-...

Grand-Admiral Von Tirpitz Grand-Admiral von Tirpitz, who died at the

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age of eighty on Thursday, March 6th, was in some ways the strongest figure of the Germany which drove the world to war. As a boy he had a passion for the sea. Although he came...

Bank Rate, 4 per cent., changed from 41 per cent.

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on March 6th, 1980. War Loan (5 per cent.) was on Wednesday 102 1 6 . ; on Wednesday week, 102 ; a year ago, 101* ; Funding Loan (4 per cent.) was on Wednesday 881 ; on...

The Navy Estimates The Navy Estimates issued on Thursday, February

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6th, are the lowest since the War. There is a reduction on last year's Estimates of £4,126,000. Most of the saving is on new construction, and this is sufficient evidence of...

The Diaries of Robert Fulke Greville Next week we shall

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publish the first of a series of extracts from the diaries of Robert Fulke Greville, which give an intimate account of the Court life during the reign of George III,_ and...

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The Real Path to Prosperity

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O UR readers must be, as we are, heartily sick of the alarums and excursions which have been allowed in recent months to confuse the fundamental issues that condition British...

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The Referendum

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M R. BALDWLN'S conciliation of Lord Beaverbrook by the promise of a Referendum on food-taxes has brought back into politics a device which has an honourable history, and which,...

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The Week in Parliament

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M R. LLOYD GEORGE is suffering from a severe -lapse of form. No doubt he will recover. But his opening speech in last Monday's debate on unemploy- ment was very weak and...

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From the Right Hon. H. M. Pollock, Minister of Finance,

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Northern Ireland I T will be recalled that Mr. Churchill, in the early period of his attractive and picturesque political career, suggested the division of the country into a...

Ireland To-day

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From . Mr. Cosgrave, President of the Executive - Council of the Itish Free State TT will be better, on all grounds, that I should talk of 1. more fundamental activities than...

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An Irishman on Ireland

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G OVERNMENT has been thoroughly established in Ireland, whether Free State or Six Counties. There is settled order. The country is tranquil and peaceable, debts are recoverable...

Agriculture in the Free State

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[This article is by Mr. Patrick Hogan, Minister of Agriculture in the Irish Free State, who has been described as " the best Minister of Agriculture in Europe."] T HE Irish...

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The History of Irish Linen

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IRISH linen history—in the commercial sense of the 1 term—really began, when, after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, by King Louis XIV of France, over 5,000 "...

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The Attainment of Immortality

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[Professor J. Y. Simpson, D.Sc., is Professor of Natural Science at New College and Lecturer in the University of Edinburgh. He is the author of several works on Science and...

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The " Bacchae" at Cambridge C AMBRIDGE has broken new g round

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in producin g the Bacchae. Of Euripides the Ian was produced forty years a g o and the Iphigenia in Tauris a little later, and now with admirable enterprise the finest, to many...

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The Function of Criticism

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MR. GEOFFREY WEST'S little book* on the 1_1 future of literary criticism will certainly have justified its existence if it provides the occasion of essays so admirable in temper...

Ewan Agnew

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I T is with deep regret that we learn of the death of Mr. Ewan Agnew, for five years a director of the Spectator and a frequent contributor. We desire to express our deep but...

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In Praise of Aunts A LITTLE girl said to me once

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: " What a good thing it is that Aunts are so fond of children." I asked her in return, " But why should they not be ? " She answered gravely, " Because Aunts never have any...

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Capital Punishment

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Essay Competition THE Select Committee of the House of Commons appointed to consider the question of Capital Punish- ment has been meeting weekly since the end of January. In...

Music

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WALLA, SPANISH COMPOSER.] PREOCCUPATION with folk-songs has been one of the most prominent features of recent music history. That is not to say that the preoccupation has always...

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A Letter from India

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[To The Editor of the SPECTATOR.] WE have been struggling all this week to follow the workings of Mr. Gandhi's' flexible and far from simple 'mind: If that is our difficulty...

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Our Rulers : Feb. 7th

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OVER a certain House, of fame That once was great, is writ the name : " Mother of Parliaments " ; and there, Voicing the feeling in the air, Of Members full three parts have...

Correspondence

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A LETTER FROM [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sm,—Self-governing Ireland is unlucky in possessing no moneyed and landed class to add to national life a dash of pageantry...

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American Notes of the Week (By Cable)

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THE "REPUBLIC OF IRELAND " LOANS. A curious situation faces the receivers for the "Republic of Ireland " Loans raised in the United States from 1919 to 1921 to finance the...

THE FEELINGS OF IRISH AMERICANS.

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Since the establishment of the Irish Free State the antagonism to Great Britain fostered by Irish Americans has been far less intense and general than it used to be. The Irish...

THE AMERICAN COLONIES.

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Reorganization 'of the administration of the insular possessions of the United States is proposed in a resolution before Congress. The need is apparent and acute. If the British...

LAW ENFORCEMENT IN WASHINGTON.

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Same months ago President Hoover was stirred by state- ments made in the Senate that law enforcement, and in particular prohibition law enforcement, in the City of Washing- ton...

MR. DE VALERA'S CAMPAIGN.

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The delay in the distribution of the Republic of Ireland Loans is held responsible by Mr. De Valera for the difficulties which he is encountering in his present campaign to...

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The League of Nations

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The Hague Codification Conference MosT of the European countries, together with the United States, Japan, Soviet Russia, Mexico, Turkey and Egypt, are attending the first...

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* * * *

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GREEN-KEEPING RESEARCH. A number of correspondents have asked for further informa- tion about the journal issued by a committee of the British Golf Union for the encouragement...

ONTARIO PHEASANTS.

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The pheasant in general gives the most remarkable example of successful transplanting ; and it is not surprising that the example is being followed in fresh places. At the...

Country Life

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IRIS!' GAME. That "blessed" word " conservation," first popularised as a label for a policy by Theodore Roosevelt, has recently been adopted in Ireland with, I hear, good...

GAam AND SMALLHOLDERS.

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It has often been said that game cannot flourish among a community of smallholders. One or two Irish experiences of recent, as of older, dates seem to disprove -this. One game...

AND BRITISH COLUMBIAN.

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The most ideal district for naturalization that ever I saw, not excluding Ireland, is Vancouver Island. I shall never forget the contrast of coming down from the Selkirks (where...

Those who have watched migrating salmon, write and speak enthusiastically

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of their scarcely credible powers of leaping a high fall. With a very small experience I have been yet more astonished by the salmon's skill in swimming on what looks ' almost...

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THE SITUATION IN INDIA

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sm,—The claim of either Hindustani or Hindi to be the universal language of India is not borne out by the facts. Anyone trying to use...

Letters to the Editor

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THE UNIVERSITY EDUCATION OF ORDINANDS [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sm,—Mr. Lennard's letter in the Spectator of March 8 states clearly a familiar difficulty inherent in...

THE UNITED EMPIRE PARTY

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[To the Editok of the SPECTATOR.] Sm,—You must be congratulated. In an age of profiteers you alone stand forth a true prophet. On Friday, February 28th, you published my...

[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—The letter of Sir

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Charles Spencer, which appeared in - the Spectator of January 18th, has a special interest to those in Madras, as Sir Charles was for many years a Judge of - the Madras High...

[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Snt,—Sir Charles Spencer has

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done me some injustice. I did not suggest in my letter that India's " untouchables " should be left to the " tender mercies of the tiger." My words were : " No grant of...

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EXPORT TRADE [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sia,—Perhaps the

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urgent need to find an instrument for quickly reviving our export trade may justify my drawing attention to one which, although it appears to common sense by far the most...

DIFFERENTIAL RENTING [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—I have

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followed with interest the valuable correspon- dence in the Spectator concerning Children's Rent Allowances. My interest in the correspondence has been deepened by the fact that...

THE RATIONALIZATION OF MONEY

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Srn,—We read in your paper of the urgent necessity for the rationalization of British Industry. Mr. Thomas says the Government is...

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AN EXPERT ON THE COAL PROBLEM

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—In your issue of February 15th, under the heading of " An Expert on the Coal Problem," there appears a lengthy review of a book...

PERSONAL IMMORTALITY

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR:] have just read the excellent article on Personal Immortality " by Dr. Albert Peel in your issue for Janu- ary 11th, in which he maintains that...

GOVERNMENT BY NEWSPAPER

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—The extraordinary proposal of two magnates of the minor newspaper Press to extricate the taxpayers from their ever-deepening financial...

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A PROTEST

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sia,—Only once before, during my long—perhaps too long— literary, life, have I written to an editor to protest against what I ,held to be...

THE SOCIAL VALUE OF ADVERTISING

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[To the Editor of the SrEeTATon.] SIR,—The article by " Omega " in your issue of March 1 st suggests what appears to be a very easy way out of cur industrial troubles, but it...

WILD BIRDS PROTECTION (SCOTLAND) BILL

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' [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sia,—The interest which the Spectator has always shown in the protection of birds, leads me to draw the attention-of your readerS to the...

Page 24

May I, as a car driver of sixteen years' experience,

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who covers from 15,000 to 20,000 miles each year, be allowed to thank " M." for his article on dangerous tyres in your issue of March 1st ? His views, which I entirely endorse,...

ANIMAL LIFE IN SYRIA.

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We desire to draw attention to the admirable report on the above-mentioned subject, which has been drawn up by the Hon. Mrs. Charlton, and is obtainable from Captain E. G....

THE ITALIAN PICTURES AND THE ITALIAN HOSPITAL.

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There recently appeared in The Times the admirable suggestion that, as a gesture of gratitude to Italy for the generous loan of her art treasures to us, donations might be sent...

WOES OF THE CAGED.

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Too great brooding on the woes of the caged appears to dull the sense of relative values. Most people would admit that the " domestic animals " were given for the service of...

A Hunched Years Ago

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THE " SPECTATOR," MARCH 13.ra, 1830. STATE OF THE POOR. Mr. Wilmot Horton made his promised motion on Tuesday, for a Committee of the whole House to inquire into the distresses...

NEW WORK FOR WOMEN.

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We published under this heading, in our issue of March Ist, a letter mentioning a Fund for the assistance of women being trained as House Property Managers. The name of the...

THE SUCCESSOR OF ABBAS II

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In the critique of the book entitled A Few Words on the Anglo-Egyptian Settlement, by Abbas Hilmi H, which appears in your columns of the 8th instant, your reviewer is incorrect...

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Mr. Moray McLaren, in his Return to Scotland (Duckworth, Ss.

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6d.), enlls his trampish walking-tour through the Scottish Highlands an egoist's journey. But that is, if course, all nonsense. He is as passionately sentimental and as cheerily...

Father Ronald Knox is a trained theologian and expert controversialist.

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It was therefore to be expected that he would have little difficulty in exposing the absurdities and inconsistencies of those popular writers who have lately con- fessed their...

Some Books of the Week Tramping Through Ireland is simply

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charming ! And it is published by Methuen for only 3s. 6d. The hackneyed phrase is indeed unworthy to be used in such connexion, and the "_ published price " should perhaps not...

The German Foreign Minister who regained for his country her

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place in the councils of Europe is commemorated in Herr Rudolf Olden's able and dispassionate biography, Stresemann, which Mr. R. T. Clark has translated with unusual success...

Now that a Committee is gathering materials for a complete

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record of the membership of Parliament from 1295, it is most desirable that local antiquaries should do what they can to help. A useful example is set by Sir Frederick Black in...

We would extend a most cordial welcome to a new

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quarterly journal Indian Affairs, edited by Sir Albion Banerji and pub- lished by Messrs. Edson (8 Essex Street, W.C. 2) at 5s. It is well-planned, well-printed, well written,...

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Page 26

General W. T. Sherman

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Sherman: the Genius of the Civil War. By B. H. Liddell Hart. (Bann.) AMONG the military writers of to-day Captain Liddell Hart has won a distinguished place, not only as an...

Portrait of Mr. George Moore

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IT seems that we can never weary of talking about Mr. George Moore. His art is an inexhaustible theme for speculation, for the more one ponders it, and pries into it, the more...

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Four Irish Books

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Donn Byrne, Bard of Armagh. By Thurston Macauley. (Sampson Low. 7s. 6d. ) Essays and Addresses. By Sir John Ross. (Arnold. Os.) " I WAS one of a group of young Irishmen on the...

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From the Congo to Samarkand

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Travels in the . Congo. By Andre Gide. (Knopf. 15s.) Red Star in Samarkand. By Anna Louise Strong. (Williams and lsiorgate. 158.) M. Armai GIDE was asked, we believe, by a...

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The Dear Inconstant

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IT is 1 . 1 great pleasure to meet Dorothea Herbert once more— Those who enjoyed the first instalment of her deliciously amusing Retrospections will remember that when they -...

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The Royal Mail

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Ma. JACKSON has had a great subject,. for the story of the development of the Royal Mail is rani:oaf the story of the growth of civilization itself in these islands....

Fiction

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Travels to Many Lands The Wolf's Bride. By Aino Kailas. (Cape. 5s.) Sailor in a Whirlpool. By L. Steni. (Cape. 7s. 6d.) Wirier a week-end ! I have startling memories of ranging...

More Black Pudding

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Everyman at War. (Dent. 6s.) BAD not twenty equally exciting volumes appeared, the last two on the above list might have created a mild sensation— no more. At this day and...

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WILD JUSTICE. By George Birmingham. (Methuen. 7s. 6d.)—Readers who have

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learned to expect a great deal of humour and a great deal of Irish and a great deal of gentle- manliness in all Canon Hannay's work will fmd these qualities in superabundance in...

GREY SEAS. By Rex Palmer. (Heath Cranton. 6s.)—In the preface

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to these sketches, Mr. Palmer writes : " I have tried to catch the spirit of a phase of sea life, that of the closing years of the Age of Sail, in the hope that when the last...

THE GOLDEN GOAT. By Donn Byrne. (Sampson, Low. 5s.)—As the

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publishers do not vouchsafe any informa- tion concerning the history of this posthumous work of Donn Byrne, the reader is in the unfortunate position of not knowing whether he...

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More Books of the Week

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(Continued from page 435.) Scientific research is perhaps a little less undervalued to-day in England than it used to be, but • there• are still many so-called practical...

• Mr. T. Walter Hall haS earned- the gratitude of

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students of local history, especially in and= near Sheffield, . by his Descriptive Catalogue of Land Charters from the Bosaille and Lindsay Collections (Sheffield : J. W....

Professor Mackinnon has now completed in a fourth volume (Longman.

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16s.) his weighty and learned study of Luther and the Reformation. This voluine, covering the stormy period from 1530 to Luther's death in 1546, is entitled Vindi- cation of the...

French interest in the history of New France is indicated

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by a delightful reprint of Trois Voyages au Canada, edited by M. Bertrand Guegan, that comes to us from Paris (Editions du Carrefour : 60 francs). This engaging quarto contains...

Mr. Madge,aru, when the Nationalist Pe,asant. Party came into power

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in Rumania, in 1928, was made Minister of Finance in Dr. Maniu's Cabinet. He is, therefore, responsible for most of the economic policy which he expounds in Rumania's New...

Dr. James A. Williamson has revived and enlarged his excellent

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Short History of - British Expansion for a new edition in two volumes (Macmillan, 15s. each). Since the book appeared eight years 'ago, the constitution of the British Empire...

The oil industry from time to time gives rise to

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heated political controversy, but its economicandconnutiercial aspects are little understood - by the "public. There was thus a • real need for Mr. Christopher sT:Brunnei's...

• The volume of the Proceedings of the British Academy

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for 1927 (H. - Milford, • 30i.)- contains, as usual, some important papers on philosophy, history; literature and art. We may mention at least three of these. Professor...

The Scholartis Press has done well to include in its

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series of eighteenth-century. novels that famous tale by the young Goethe, The Sorrows of Werther (10s. 6d.). For this sentimental love story, reflecting in part the author's...

For the serious study of Shakespeare's life and times the

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Dugdale Society's Minutes and Accounts of the Corporation of Stratford-upon-Avon is invaluable. The late Richard Savage began the transcription and Mr. Edgar Fripp edits the...

Page 38

Mr. John Gloag's able and incisive book on Time, Taste

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and Furniture (Richards, 8s. 6d.) has been reissued and deserves an appreciative note. His historical chapters lead up to a very judicious discussion of furniture design - as it...

In our review of Mr. C. E. Montague's A Writer's

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Notes on His Trade, which appeared in last week's Spectator; we stated that this book was published by Messrs. R. & R. Clark of Edinburgh. The book was published by Messrs....

General Knowledge Questions

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Ouft weekly prize of one guinea for the best thirteen Questions submitted is awarded this week to Mr. J. D. Locker, 4 Rue Nag Hamadi, Heliopolis, Egypt, for the following :- Q -...

A Library List

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REFERENCEROOKS s Directory of Re g istered Tele- g raphic Addresses. (Business Directories, Ltd., 8-9 Johnson's Court, B.C. 4. 45s.)-North-Eastern France. Blue Guides. (Second...

Page 39

Ulster

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Tim natural gateway into Ulster is through Belfast, and the visitor who approaches this city for the first time on an early summer morning, either by steamer or by train, will...

Travel

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Ireland for Holidays [lye publish on This page articles and They are written by correspondents who of the Travel articles published in our notes which may help our readers in...

Page 40

The motorist's problem is not really so difficult as is

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often Contended. In crossing to Belfast there is no difficulty at all, though in the Irish Free State certain restrictions apply. as on the Continent. These should not, however,...

• Since returning from Ireland, the question I have been

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asked mostly is, What about the hotels ? Are they brood ? " Well, one must pick and choose. " First-class hotels are mostly good, especially those owned by the railway...

Irish Travel Notes

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WAYS of reaching Ireland seem to be as numerous as ways to the Continent. Choice of route must be determined by the tour of Ireland which the visitor has in mind. If it be a...

Being essentially an agricultural country, Ireland's attrac- tions to the

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tourist lie largely in its many horse, cattle, agricultural and horticultural shows, though regattas, tennis and golf championships and international motor races all help to...

Answers to Questions on Three

The Spectator

1. Clotho, Atropos, Lachesis.-2. Isis, Osiris, Horns.—1 Wolsey, Richelieu, Mazarin.-4. Kingston's Three Midshipmen, Three Lieutenants, Three Captains. -L---5. Mayence, Troves,...

Page 43

Finance—Public and Private

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The Investment Outlook IT has come to be so generally recognized that cheap money and high prices for gilt-edged securities are almost synonymous terms that, in view of the...

Financial Notes

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IRISH FINANCE AND TRADE. Although the Summer is still some way ahead, recent telegrams from Dublin state that the Irish Free State Govern- ment is contemplating a loan of...

POINTS OF UNCERTAINTY.

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Even as regards the International Money Markets, although there is for the moment a general downward movement in Bank Rates, the fact remains that the penchant on the part of...

SAFETY FIRST.

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It is quite true that the principal feature of markets at the moment is the strength of high-class investment stocks, and it is not difficult to trace the effect of lower money...

CAUTION DESIRABLE.

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In a month's time, however, the Budget will have been published and the Exchequer secrets will have been revealed. Personally, I am inclined to think that with the Budget out of...

lama TRADE.

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As regards the value of consignments received here front the Irish Free State, there has been little variation during the three years, the total of about £43,000,000 for 1927...

COURTAULDS.

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There are few chairmen of our industrial undertakings whose speeches at the annual meetings command greater respect and attention than those of Mr. Samuel Courtauld. For some...

Page 48

With the secrets of the Budget undiSclosed, and with trade

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depression pronounced in many • countries, it is not surprising that Mr. Courtauld adopted a cautious view with regard to the future, the more so as allowance has to be made...

(Continued from page 458.)

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" 9AFE8UARDING." So far as the past year is concerned, his predictions have been fulfilled very literally. Thanks to excellent organization and to the past conservative policy...

LEGISLATION AND BUSINESS.

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Referring more especially to the actual conditions of the industrial position as they exist to-day, Mr. Courtatild said :- Those who adhere rigidly to the old Free Trade school...

HONGKONG BANK REPORT.

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When allowance is made for the extent to which the sterling figures have been affected by the depreciation in Chinese currency, the annual report of the Hongkong and Shanghai...

LAW LAND.

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Both as regards earnings and financial strength, as revealed in the balance-sheet, the latest report of Law Land Company, Limited, is a good one. The rental for the year was...

Page 50

HALIFAX BUILDING SOCIETY.

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The latest annual report of the Halifax Building Society, made up to the end of last January, shows that the total assets at the end of the year amounted to no less than...

BRITANNIC ASSURANCE.

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The annual report of the Britannic Assurance Company is a good one, showing an increase in the total funds of £1,239,946, the total now standing at £17,815,279. The total...

(C'on'tinued from page 453.) GOOD PRINTING RESULTS.

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Once again the report of' the. Argus Press, Limited, is a good one, the profits for last year, after allowing for depreciation and income tax, amounting to £65,254, compared...