6 SEPTEMBER 1919

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The Allies have taken Germany sharply to task for a

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patent violation of the Peace Treaty in regard to Austria. Article 80 of the Treaty provides that Germany shall acknowledge and respect the independence of Austria, and shall...

We are sorry none the less that the Peace Conference

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should have felt obliged to address what unofficial Paris telegrams describe as an ultimatum " to Rumania in regard to the action of the Rumanian Army in Hungary. On hearing of...

NEWS OF THE WEEK.

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T HE Peace Conference on Tuesday presented Austria with her Peace Treaty in its final shape. The Treaty laid before the Austrian delegates at St. Germain on June 2nd was a mere...

t ** The Editor cannot accept responsibility for any articles or

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letters submitted to him, but when damped and addressed envelopes are sent he will do his best to return contributions in case of rejection.

Colonel John Ward, the Labour Member for Stoke, who has

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just returned home after serving in Siberia, confirms the accounts of the Bolshevik Terror with which we are all familiar. Bolshevism, he says, is sheer despotism maintained by...

A wireless message published in the papers of Thursday stated

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that at a meeting of the Petrograd Soviet on Monday Trotsky made a report on the military situation. He said that after crushing Admiral Koltchak, the Red Armies were now...

The disorders in Upper Silesia have been checked by the

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arrival of an Allied Commission, but correspondents still report gross outrages committed by the German troops upon the Poles. It is clear that Germany provoked the disorders in...

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We are - greatly disappointed to see that Mr. Smillie had

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nothing to say in reply to the very definite charges made &Vine% him by the Duke of Northumberland in a public speech, whioh is reprinted in this month's National Review. He...

The Executive of the Miners' Federationtnet On Tuesday and decided,

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prudently enough, to drop the threat of " dire:* action " with which Mr. Smillie a few weeks ago was trying to-frighten' the Government and the nation. The Executive declared...

The beauties of internationalism are often preached by theo- rists.

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What internationalism means in peectiee was explained by the Times Morocco correspondent oft Tuesday. Tangier is an international. town. All the • Powerr shake in the adieinis-...

The inciderate miners' leaders; presumably in order- to lend dignity

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to Mr= 8mA:fie's retreat from an untenable position, spoke in 'ftetentr• of 'nationalisation as the only nieane Of getting cheap coal. Mr. Brace, who- is well known to be 'an:...

On Wednesday. 'the Miners' Federation at a 'delegate meeting adopted

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the .advice of the Exeektive.• Mr. Sthillie said that the miners were " genuinely anxious for the interests of the nation," and wanted-nationalization for thee sake of the...

The Foreign Relationt Conielittee of the Arnerietth Senate; continuing its

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critical eYaininadon of the Peace Treaty, has proposed an amendment giving America as many votes' in the League of Nations Assembly as are assigned' to the British Empire. The...

The' King of Italy has • set a good - example

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- to his - wealthy subjects by transferring all the Crown. data/dim 'to the State for 'the benefitof the disabled. soldiers and the poorer peasantry. It is a truly royal gift,...

The price of the Temiteen loaf was raised on Monday

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from ninepenee to nineponte-halfpenny. This is the direct result cif the 'recent increase in bakers' wages and the reduction of their working hours. It is just as well that the...

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The late Mr. Caruegle's will was oharaeteriatlo of the man.

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He left five millions out of the seventy millions which he had amassed, and he charged this substantial fragment of his fortune with annuities to certain public men whom he...

It is seldom right to consider a mans, bad critic

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simply because he is a bad author, but if this principle were ever to be applied, it might be applied with some curious results to Lord Rothermere himself. The result of Lord...

Speaking at a meeting of the Ulster Unionist Council at

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Belfast on Tuesday, Sir Edward Carson surpassed himself in the lucidity and force of his description of the situation in Ireland. He said that he understood the Cabinet were...

The reason is obvious to any one who cares to

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think about it. On the one side we have the Government explicitly pledged over and over again not.to force the men of North-East Ulster out of their British citizenship. On the...

It is curious, however, that Mr. Lloyd George should be

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held up as the leader most fit to enforce economy. Before the war Mr. Lloyd George's metier was to promise his followers refreshing fruit to be paid for at the expense of other...

How history is made :-

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" Bottle has been more admired as a soldier than as a states. man : in his youth, as it is interesting to know, he studied with zeal the campaigns of Napoleon, and if he had...

The policy of Sinn Fein, which. meant absolute independence, whether

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independence was to be arrived at by one step, or by two steps through a preliminary phase of Dominion Home Rule, was the only alternative to the - Union. " I cannot imagine,"...

General Smuts delivered a funeral oration at General Botha's grave

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on Saturday last, remarking significantly that " for his friend was reserved the hard fate to bury him and to remain with a task which even for him was almost too much." General...

Bank rate,5 per cent., changed from 5i per centApril 5,1917.

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The Times of Tuesday published a rather wild letter from

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Lord Fisher about public expenditure. " It is inorediblo—it is uncalled for—it is ruinous waste, that the cost of the Fleet is now 140 millions a year. In 1904 it was 34...

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TOPICS OF THE DAY

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• LABOUR SHOWS THE WAY. WE have never doubted, and have frequently said, that the revolutionary fever which follows all wars would in the end pass quietly out of the veins of...

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FRANCE AND SYRIA.

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G REAT BRITAIN seems fated to be misunderstood, even by her best friends. We have scarcely re- covered from the shock of being accused in America of having forced the League of...

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THE BELGIAN DEMANDS.

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TT is sincerely to be hoped that the questions between .I.. Belgium and Holland will be satisfactorily settled, for they concern many others besides the principals in the...

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THE OLD UNIVERSITIES. [COMMUNICATED.] d'AF the services rendered by Oxford

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and Cambridge ‘,./ during the warmore perhaps has been said and written than of the hardships that they have suffered. These hardships have been as uncomplainingly borne as the...

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THE PROPOSED ENLARGEMENT OF SWITZERLAND.

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T HE desire of the people of the Austrian province of Vorarl- berg to become Swiss citizens has been greatly agitating Switzerland for some time past. The whole question whether...

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CABBAGES AND CONSEQUENCE.

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W E have become people of consequence. From a position of lowliness in public estimation allotment-holders have risen suddenly to one of National Importance. The news- papers...

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LETTERS TO THE EDITOR.

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[Letters of the length of one of our leading paragraphs are often more read, and therefore more effective, than those which fill treble the space.] —_- AN AMERICAN ON THE IRISH...

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THE " FREEMAN'S JOURNAL."

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[To THE EDITOR Of THE " SPECIATOR."] EIS,—It may not be without interest for your readers that on Thursday, August 28th, in the Dublin Courts, Mr. Justice Samuels made an order...

A PRACTICAL EXAMPLE IN ARABLE FARMING. [TO THE EDITOR Or

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THE " SPECTATOR."] SIR,—In your issue of August 23rd there appeared a very interesting article, " A Practical Exanrple in Arable Farm- ing," that followed after a "leader" on...

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MRS. BESANT AND INDIAN REFORM.

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[To THE EDITOR Or THE " SPECTATOR.") • SIR, — I see in your issue of Saturday last a letter by Mr. Gerald Ritchie on "Mrs. Besant and Indian Reform."_ In this occurs the...

LIQUOR AND NATIONALIZATION.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR."] SIR, — The great question of national sobriety would seem to be entering upon a new phase. Between the Licensed Trade, if it asks for the...

ITO THE EDITOR OP THE " SPECTATOR.")

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S1R, — The correspondent whom you quote in your article under the above heading may mislead certain people, but the country as a whole might benefit at their expense. I hope it...

ADOPTION: NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL. . [To THE EDITOR OP THE

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" SPECTATOR."] Sia,—I have been much interested in the correspondence on the adoption of children, as one who believes that adoption is the happiest solution for some hundreds...

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SIR FRANCIS GALTON AND SHAPES OF FIGURES. [To THE EDITOR

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Or THE " SPECTATOR."] SIR,—I have been greatly interested in the letters in the Spectator on the different ways people see their figures, alpha- bets, &c., and it may interest...

AUTHOR WANTED.

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ITo THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR."] SIR,—On the title-page . of Peacock's Crotchet Castle there are the following French lines :— " Le monde est plein de fous, et qui n'en...

[To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR."] - am writing in

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Switzerland, where I am out of reach of all books of reference and of my own records. But surely my memory does not play me false when I say that Francis Galton dealt very fully...

ANOTHER NON-BRAHMIN PROTEST.

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WE have received the following telegram from Madras :- "To 'Spectator,' London.—Southern India Panehamas deeply regret Committee's prejudice towards Non-Bra hin ins. Non - -...

THE BOND OF LETTERS.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR.") SIR, —May I suggest to your readers, a way of reviving the appetite for the best English literatiire, which in your interest- ing article...

COTTAGE-BUILDING IN PISE. -

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(TO THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR."] SIR,—The report on the experimental Pise cottage in process of erection at NewlandS Corner that appeared in last week's Spectator has...

A LONDON. GARDEN "ACROSS THE BRIDGES." [To THE EDITOR OP

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THE " SPECTATOR." ] . SIR,—I am venturing to ask for the hospitality of your columns to make an appeal which should interest many readers of the Spectator. It is on behalf of a...

NOTICE.—When " Correspondence" or Articles are signed with the writer's

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name or • initials, or with a pseudonym, or are marked " Communicated," the Editor must not necessarily be held to be in agreement with the views therein expressed or with the...

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MUSIC.

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MUSIC DRA3LA AT GLASTONBURY. IF a traveller of musical tastes had chanced to go during the last weeks to Glastonbury without having heard of the activities being carried on...

POETRY.

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FIDDLER JOHN : A COUNTRY TALE. FIDDLER, JOHN he used to dwell A long while since, so I've heard tell, In.= old thatched house with a leaving wall That .always looked just...

,Sputater

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We suggest that there can be - no better Present in Peak* or War than an . Annual Subscription to the Spectator. He or ishe' who gives the Spectator as a present will give a...

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BOOKS.

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PETERLOO.'" IT is a hundred years since Peterloo, but that sad affair is not yet forgotten. The breaking up of the Reform meeting in Peter's Fields, Manchester, on August 16th,...

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THE RISE OF THE SPANISH EMPIRE.*

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WHEN we read the current telegrams from Tangier, relating how Spain is flouted by a petty Moorish chieftain in her last remaining fragment of colonial territory, it requires a...

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RECENT MUSICAL BOOKS.*

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OF recent additions to the series of musical books edited by Dr. Eaglefield Hull, the most opportune in its appeal, and the most interesting in its treatment, is M....

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THE DRAMA'S LAWS.* Evan one who regards the theatre as

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something better than a more stopgap between dinner and bedtime—to be stamped as far as possible—should possess himself of Mr. L. Lewisohn's able and stimulating survey of the...

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FELLOW LABOURERS WITH THE HIGHEST.* THESE addresses, which were given

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by a layman holding the Bishop of Lahore's licence, at Christ Church, Rawal Pindi, shoal encourage those who desire to see the ministry of preaching extended to the laity. It...

/WADABLE NOYELS.—The Secret Witness. By George Gibbs. (D. Appleton and

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Co. Os. 6d. net.)—An American novel dealing with the causes of the war. It is full of breathless adventures, and has an English hero in the Diplomatic Service and a Hun- garian...

FICTION.

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MR. STERLING STICKS IT OUT.* MR. HAROLD BRODIE tells in a long Preface the story of the genesis and delay in the publication of his book. It grew out of his resentment in the...

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The Round Table for September contains a good article ork

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" Nationalization as a Reniedy," in which it is plainly shown that the necessity of making a 'profit—that is, a surphis over the cost of production—supplies in private industry...

Why Germany Capitulated on November 11th, 1918. (Hodder and Stoughton.

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6d.'net.)—This instructive pamphlet is based on enemy - documents-in - the possession of the French Genera! Staff, which demonstrate conclusively .the exhaustion of the German...

We have received several numbers of a new monthly journal,

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South Indian Research, edited by Mr. T. Raja-gopala Rao and published at Vepery, Madras (£1 a year), which is principally devoted to the study of the history, languages, and...

SOME BOOKS OF THE WEEK.

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(Notice in this collagen does not necessarily preelnde sobsequent rests:n.1 THE SEPTEMBER MONTRLIES.—The Nineteenth Century contains an instructive article on " The Russian...

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There is a striking article by M. Andre Vernieres in

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the Anglo- French Review for August on the position of the woman war- worker now that the war has ended. The Frenchwomen who rendered such patriotic service in munition...

Mediaeval and Modern Warfare. By Professor Tout. (Man- chester University

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Press and- Longmans. Is. net.)—Professor Tout's comparison between mediaeval and modem warfare is well worth reading. It is significant that our greatest niedi- cevalist should...

Messrs. Oliver and Boyd, of Edinburgh, have issued a new

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edition of their ingenious and useful Income Tax and Super-Tax, 1842-1920: Tabular View (1s. net), which enables any one to calculate the amount of his Income Tax under the...

The Great 1Var Brin g s It Home. By John Hargraves. (Con:

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stable. 10s. 6d. net.)—Mr. Hargraves is a most disarming writer. Suppose that crusted person, the critic, should consider his scheme of rebuilding the nation by means of the...