4 SEPTEMBER 1915

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There is nothing of moment to report from the Western

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theatre, though it may be noted that the French have been keep- mg up a very heavy bombardment of the German trenches—a POSTABN ABBOAD In. sign that from the munitions point of...

We have alluded elsewhere to the suggestion that Germany has

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now a double objective, Petrograd in the north and Kiev in the south—invasion with a vengeance if the rumour is true. We of course greatly hope that a scheme so rash will be...

'Me Balkan States, Roumania, Bulgaria, and Greece, are apparently still

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negotiating and watching each other for a lead. Once again we cannot help observing that the peopled of the Near East seem never to have heard the story of the Sibylline books...

The news from America is interesting. Count Bernstorff is stated

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to have handed on September 1st a Note to Mr. Lansing, Secretary of State, which conveyed the information that Germany's answer to the last Luaitania ' Note contains the...

NEWS OF THE WEEK.

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rnE Russian news as we write on Thursday is distinctly bettor. News reached this country on Wednesday after- noon that the Russians were making a stand in Galicia, and that in...

The latest news from Gallipoli is almost as satisfactory as

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that from Russia. Thursday's papers contain a report from Sir Ian Hamilton that further fighting took place last Friday and Saturday in the northern section of the line, which...

* The Editors cannot undertake to return Alanuscript in any

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case.

*** TO OUR READERS.—Tha "SPECTATOR" is now published on Friday

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afternoon, and is on sale at all Messrs. Smith and Son's London Bookstalls and all London Newsagents. All country readers can now obtain the paper on Saturday morning, and...

It has been pointed out in the Press here that

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in the Note from Washington to Berlin sent on July 21st the United States Government asked for a great deal more than Count Bernstorff's present assurance. For example, they...

We are not going to say anything which can possibly

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be represented as an attempt to create friction between America and Germany, or to dictate to the United States in regard to concessions to Germany. We desire, however, to point...

We have dealt with the situation on the Eastern front

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elsewhere, and will only say here that whatever may be the German design, it is most probable, though we admit not absolutely certain, that the Russian field armies will escape...

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In face of these facts, and in spite of the

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optimistic views expressed in some quarters, all that can be said is that a fresh truce has been proclaimed. To speak of final settlement is premature and unwarranted, when...

On Wednesday the Foreign Office published a statement respecting the

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Anglo-German negotiations of 1912—those in the course of which Lord Haldane visited Berlin on behalf of the British Government, The object of the Foreign Office in making this...

The region of the great Pripet marshes bordering on Brent-

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Li+ avele where stubborn fighting has been lately going on in the centre of the Eastern line of fighting, is deeeribed in a. special article in Tuesday's Times. These marshes...

The dispute in the South Wales coalfields was officially ended

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on Wednesday morning, when the delegates of the South Wales Miners' Federation at Cardiff agreed to accept the terms agreed on at the negotiations carried on in London. The...

" Judged by numbers," says Mr. Balfour, "this cumulative result of

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many successive crimes does not equal the single effort of the submarine which, to the unconcealed pride of Germany and the horror of all the world, sent eleven hundred and...

The policy of the Admiralty in regard to Zeppelin raids

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was recently criticized in the Times on the ground of its excessive reticence. Mr. Balfour replies to these criticisms in an admirable letter to a correspondent which appeared...

Mr. Balfour then answers the further question whether such judicious

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reticence may not unduly reassure the British. How ought we to rate the Zeppelins among weapons of attack P As to their possible achievements in the future he wisely refrains...

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That sounds at first sight fair 'enough, but the proposal

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was made one-sided by a clause stipulating that the duty of neutrality arising out of the treaty should have no obligation "in so far as it may not be reconcilable with existing...

Count Metternich thought this inadequate, and had another try at

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a formula. Finally, after a good deal of discussion, Sir Edward Grey proposed the following :— "The two Powers being mutually desirous of securing peace and friendship between...

We are no think-and-thin friends of the system of publie

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diplomacy, but it seems to us that this is one of the cases in which the Government should have explained the situation exactly to the country, and have warned it of what was...

We have not a word to say against the manner

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in which the negotiations were conducted, either by the Foreign Office or by Lord Haldane. What amazes us, however, is that, after the Germans had allowed us to see so plainly...

Bank Rate, 5 per cant., changed from 6 p.c. Aug.

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8th, 1914.

This is one of the most successful examples of what

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we may term long-distance prophecy ever recorded. In 1882 Germany's naval and colonial policy was undeveloped—an affair of dreamers, irresponsible journalists, and Professors...

It was afterwards they failed. They averted their gaze from

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instead of facing the evil and menacing thing which they had unearthed in Berlin. They were seduced somehow into accepting the paoificist's formula, "You are a party to a crime...

The German Government try to make out that we rejected

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a very reasonable offer of reciprocal neutrality from Germany. What really happened was that the Germans proposed a " tricky " treaty of neutrality with us, which would have...

Sir Edward Grey and Lord Haldane of course refused to

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walk into this rather obvious trap. They said that there was to be a guarantee of absolute neutrality on one side but not on the other. Upon this Sir Edward Grey made a very...

The Times of Monday announces a scheme for providing the

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soldiers at the front with suitable reading in the form of broadsheets or flyleaves—books for physical reasons being out of the question. The scheme, which was suggested by...

A correspondent of the Morning Post of Wednesday supplies the

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following extract from a letter written by General Gordon in 1882 to Mr. James R. Purdy :— " Every Briton should think of the future of his country and cause each one to insist...

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TOPICS OF THE DAY.

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THE MILITARY SITUATION. W E see no reason to alter the view which we took some three weeks ago, when Germany seemed at her strongest, as to the appalling difficulties which...

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NATIONAL SERVICE.

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W ITH the general spirit of Lord Cromer's letter on National Service which appeared in the Times on Monday we are in hearty agreement. It is on the shoulders of Lord Kitchener,...

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WAR BONUSES.

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O NE of the many economic problems created by the war is the question of war bonuses. Up to the present this question, like so many other public questions, has been allowed to...

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THE DRINK PROBLEM.

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I N another part of our present issue a correspondent draws attention to certain aspects of the drink problem. As our readers know, we are in no sense fanatical about the...

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DESTRUCTIVE VIRTUES.

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C ERTAIN qualities, like certain plants, seem to take the goodness out of the ground. Where they flourish they flourish alone. In their immediate neighbourhood nothing else...

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of unfairness in the recital of what his own eyes

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bad seen. Few men have had such a capacity for convincing description, for giving their readers nut only facts but the impression of complete reality. Accordingly I propose to...

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LETTERS TO THE EDITOR.

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THE MOBILIZATION OF WILL-POWER. [To THZ EDITOR 05 THZ " SPECTATOR:1 SIB,—The day of intercession and affirmation has long ago passed, and, so far as I know, nothing has been...

AN HONOUR TO AUSTRALIA.

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"T HE Imperial authorities have appealed to Australia for niece men," said a recent cable in the morning papers. One who knows Australia can easily picture the reception which...

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WHY HOLLAND IS NEUTRAL.

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rTo Tux EDITOR OP THE "SPECTATOR."1 Sin,—I have read with considerable interest the letter of my fellow-countryman " Batavier " on this subject. I cannot say, however, that I...

WALTER BAGEHOT ON WAR CABINETS. pro mos EDITOR or THE

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" SPECTATOI01 Sin,—There has lately been a considerable amount of dis- cussion with regard to the fitness of a Cabinet consisting of so large a number as twenty-two Ministers...

SANDBAGS: AN APPEAL FROM OXFORD. [To THE EDITOR OF THE

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" SPECTATOR."] have read with considerable interest, not unmixed with amusement and even pity, the letter in your issue of August 21st on the above subject. I would point out...

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THE PARLIAMENTARY WAR SAVINGS COMMITTEE.

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[To TED EDITOR OF TIM "SPROTAT0a...] SIR,—Your correspondent "Anxious Patriot" says in his letter in your issue of August 21st, d propos of the leaflets issued by the...

EXPERIENCES AS AN ENUMERATOR.

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rTo THE EDITOR or TUX “SPECTATOR."] SIE,—I had charge of a large parish in Devon, sparsely inhabited, and I came Heroes some expressions of belief as to the cause of the war...

THE DRINK PROBLEM.

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[To TRD EDITOR OP TUR " SPECTATOR."] Sin,—Yon earned the gratitude of many of your readers by your patriotic and vigorous campaign against the sale of drink during the war some...

THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF WAR.

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(TO Tu■ EDITOR or TUB " Sricorvrou.."1 Sin,—I only hope your reviewer is right in thinking that I paint the economic effects of war over-luridly in black or red. I am afraid,...

THE USES OF THE REGISTER.

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[To TER EDITOR OF TRII " EPRCTATOR..1 Sxn,—It would perhaps be a breach of discretion if those who are now emplCyed in compiling statistics for the National Register were to...

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THE AMERICAN EXCHANGES. [To THE EDITOR OP THE "..SPECTATOR."] SIE,—YOUF

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article entitled "The American Exchanges " which appeared in the Spectator of August 21st puts forward three ways of discharging our growing indebtedness to America—i.e., by (1)...

HUNS : ANOTHER PROTEST.

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PTO THE EDITOR OP THE "SPECTATOR."1 SIR,—May I venture to add another word of protest against the attitude of mind to which " S. 0. S." refers in his letter to the Spectator of...

THE GERMAN LOSSES.

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[TO THE EDITOR OP TRH " SIINTAT011.1 SIR,—In the last issue of the Spectator there appears an estimate of the number of troops the Germans have in the field. This estimate puts...

A PROPHECY.

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[To THE! EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR."] SIR,—The following passage from The Private Papers of Henry Ryecraft, by G. Giseing (1903), surely gives food for thought :— "I hate and...

PRIVATES AND COMMISSIONS.

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[To THE EDITOR OP TUB tirEcTATon."1 SIR,—The thousands of very junior officers now being accepted for commissions must constitute a 'grave danger unless they are leavened with...

THE MEANING OF "BOSCHE."

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[To THE EDITOR OP THR "SPECTATOR."1 SIE,—The Allies—Italy and Great,Britain, France and Russia —have for months been exercising their wits as to the deriva- tion of the word...

DARWINISM AND GERMANISM.

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[To ras EDITOR 01 THE " tireerAxon."] SIR,—Lord Cromer's reference in your last issue to a German conception as "an instance of misapplied Darwinism " recalls a striking...

ENCOURAGING THE ENEMY.

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[To THE EDITOR OP THE "SPECTATOR."' SIR,—In his book on Popular Government, Maine, writing about the American War of independence, says :— " But the colonists had also reaped...

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IN BIRDLAND.

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ITo THE EDITOR Or THE "SPECTATOR. "] Sitt,—All lovers of birds will be grateful to " X." for his article in your last issue. It Las been my practice for several years to scatter...

THE DECORATION OP ST. PAUL'S.

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[To THE EDITOR Or THE " SPECTATOR."] Ste,,—Your correspondent " H. S." (Spectator, August 28th) does not make it quite clear why the late G. F. Watts lost the chance of...

ICOTICE.—When "Correspondence" or Articles are signed with the writer's name

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or initials, or with a pseudonym, or are marked "Communicated," the Editor must not neeessariIy be held to be in agreement with the views therein erpressed or with the mode of...

THE CENTRAL ASSOCIATION OF VOLUNTEER TRAINING CORPS.

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Hake OFrICES: Judges' Quadrangle, Royal Courts of Justice (Carey Street entrance). The aims and objects of this force are: (1) To assist recruiting for the Regular and...

POETRY.

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ENGLAND TO DENMARK: AUGUST, 1915. GREAT little land, old comrades of the sea, Salt of its salt, whelps of its Viking brood, Sharers with us in its free fearless mood ; Narrow...

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BOOKS.

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THE DIPLOMACY OF THE WAR.* ETRICT impartiality is a quality which at times receives a higher meed of praise than it deserves. The so-called impar- tiality of those whom Canning...

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THE MACHINERY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW.* A TREATISE on international law

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which bears "1915" on its title-page must be largely a lament over its violation in almost every particular by one group of the present belli- gerents. For any respect that...

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THE IRISH ABROAD.* Mn, O'DomiELL, with admirable ambition, has chosen

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for his latest book a subject which is almost without limits. He writes of the Irishman abroad—that is to say, of the Irishman "in England, Scotland, Wales, France, Spain, and...

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THE CRISIS AND THE SETTLEMENT.*

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Sra lectures which were delivered at Bedford College last spring, under the scheme for Imperial studies in the University of London, have been collected and published under the...

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CHARACTER SKETCHES OF THE WAR.• Tan editor of the Daily

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News seems to have inherited the mantle which fell from the shoulders of the late Mr. W. T. Stead. The readable and incisive character-sketches which Mr. Gardiner has published...

THE MAGAZINES.

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Mu. EDGAR CRAMMOND, whose remarkable statistical papers we have had occasion to notice more than once of recent years, has a striking article on "' High Finance' and the Danger...

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FICTION.

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TEN DEGREES BACKWARD.* A NEW novel from the vivacious pen of Mrs. Felkin is decidedly a thing to be thankful for. Time has not abated her gift of incisive portraiture and...

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Never in Doubt. By Nat Gould. (John Long. 6s.).—When we

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learned from the publisher• that the sales of Mr. Nat Gould's novels "exceed nine million copies," we set ourselves to discover the secret of a so great popularity. Never in...

READABLE NOVELS.—Doctor Syn. By Russell Thorndike. (Thomas Nelson and Sons.

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6s,)—A well-written story of smuggling end of the Romney marshes in Georgian days.— Maria Again. By Mrs. John Lane. (John Lane. 6s,)— Maria's shrewd little "conversations" are...

SOME BOOKS OF THE WEEK.

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[Notion in this column does not necessarily mocha& subsequent review.) Our readers will remember that efforts are being made by the John Rylands Library of Manchester to help...

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Biblical Discoveries in Egypt, Palestine, and Mesopotamia. By the Rev.

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J. Politeyan, B.A. (Elliot Stock. 2s. Gd. net.) —The corroborations of Biblical history which have been found by learned excavators in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Palestine are...

The River Severn from Source to Mouth is the attractive

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subject of a small book by Miss M. Lanchester, illustrated by a map and some sixty pen-and-ink drawings by the author (Murby and Co., 2s. 6d. net). The Severn has been said to "...

Germany at a Glance : Everybody's Aid to the Map

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Reading of Central Europe (William Clowes, ls. 6d. net) ought to prove a most useful supplement to a map in the task of rapidly mastering the main outlines of German geography....

We may reilind our readers that Lord Cromer's artidles on

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Germania contra Mundum, which appeared recently in these columns, have now been issued in collected form (Macmillan and Co., 3d.). They cannot have too wide a circulation.

Mr. James Oliphant has written A Short History of Modern,

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Europe (J. M. Dent and Sons, 3e. 6d.), which should be useful both to the student and to the general reader in search of a compact record of the chief events. Tho ground covered...