4 OCTOBER 1930

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News of the Week

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The Imperial Conference ,, THE Imperial :Conference, the first to be held under -I- a Labour Government, opened on Wednesday at the Foreign Office, and will probably last six...

When lawyers are invited to make the language of documents

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square with some new Constitutional doctrine it is their weakness to run to pedantic interpretation. No possibility must be left, they feel, of any injury being done to the set...

Germany

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The trial of the young Nazi officers in Germany has not been well managed if we may assume that by a strict disciplining of the witnesses it would have been possible to prevent...

The changes in the Dominion representation since 1926 are -

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remarkable. Canada is under Mi. Bennett's Conservative Government instead of under Mr. Mackenzie King's Liberal Government. Australia is under Mr. -Scullin's Labour Government...

One can only hope that this vision of international dishonour

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and domestic slaughter, remote and dim though it may be, will be a warning to those decent Germans who voted for the Nazi policy merely as a stinging reminder' to their ordinary...

EDITOR/AL AND PUBLISHING OFFICES: 99 Career Street, L0714071, IV .C.

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1.—A Subscription to the Sccricrox costs Thirty Shillings per unman; including postage, to an'y part of the world. The SPECTATOR is registered as a Newspaper. The Postage an...

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The Viceroy and India On Monday Lord Irwin was entertained

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at banquet by the Punjab Government. He chose the occasion to make an enlightening review of the situation in India. He spoke more plainly than he has ever done on the responsi-...

* * * * Disarmament

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On Tuesday at Geneva the Report of the Disarmament Committee was laid before the full Assembly. In a hot debate those nations which were disarmed by Treaty naturally pressed for...

* * * Lord Birkenhead The death' Of Lord Birkenhead

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at a too early age has removed one of the most powerful brains and one of the most commanding personalities of our time. His surprising career, with its strange combination of...

Mr. Henderson implied the truth clearly enough that France is

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the chief obstructionist, the one dissenting juryman, but by allowing M. Briand's scheme of a European organization outside the League to be sub- mitted to a Commission of the...

* * * * The policy of economy over which

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the President has thus thrown a shield is extremely important. According to the Berlin correspondent of the Daily Telegraph the deficit on the Budget of the present year is...

The most interesting passage in the speech was that in

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which Lord Irwin met the criticism by ;the followers of Congress that he could, if he had wished, have brought the recent peace negotiations between Mr. Gandhi and Sir Tej...

M. Poincare's Return

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M. Poincare has returned to Paris after his convales- cence, though it is still uncertain whether he will again enter politics. Even if he does not he may be expected to be an...

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In part the explanation is that Mr. Baldwin, following the

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tradition of Cabinet Ministers and such like, made his communication only to the Tine. The Times is a receiving house of important communications, and it is certain that any...

* * * * Herr Sthamer When a farewell luncheon

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was given in London on Monday to Herr Sthamer, the retiring German: Ambas- sador, three Secretaries of State for Foreign Affairs were Present to testify to the success of his...

Bank Rate, 8 per cent., changed from 3i per cent.

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on May 1st, 1030. War Loan (5 per cent.) was 33 Wednesday 1041; on Wednesday week, 10411; a year ago, 101; Funding Loan (4 per cent.) was on Wednesday 931 x.d. ; on Wednesday...

Mr. Harkness's Great Gift If we may read between the

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lines of American comment on the reception here of Mr. Harkness's munificent gift, there is some surprise that this remarkable event should have had less publicity than in the...

* * * *

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Of equal merit was his brave achievement in helping to bring about the Irish settlement. When others despaired he remained confident and energetic in negotiation. This needed...

* * * *

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Before that alliance could be realized Sir Herbert Lidiard yielded so far to the hectoring Crusaders as to promise to vote for Empire Free Trade—Lord Beaverbrook's version—and...

South Paddington By - Election After the sad comedy of Bromley the

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sad comedy of South Paddington. Originally Sir Herbert Lidiard came forward as the Conservative candidate at the approaching by-election with the full approval of the...

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Import Boards

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THERE has been much talk, and there is likely to be more, about Import Boards. It is not merely that the Labour Party has for years advocated bulk purchase as a desirable act of...

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The Pilgrim Trust

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VIMERSON wrote somewhere about the nature of gifts. He said that when a gift was a true one there was a "flowing out" of the giver to the receiver and a reciprocal "flowing back...

Kenya

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E AST AFRICA has responded to the blessed word " paramountcy " with more vehemence than understanding. Meetings of protest against • the recent white papers have been held...

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The Rebirth of Germany

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[This article by a correspondent in Germany gives the German view of events which have created much speculation abroad.—Ed. Spectator.] P ROBABLY no movement in Germany, since...

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Duns Scotus Was a Scot !

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AFTER centuries of wrangling, the nationality of the -ES- great scholastic philosopher, Duns Scotus, has been determined. A French Franciscan, Fr. Longpre, who is working on a...

Three Days in Russia

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A T 1 a.m. the Soviet authorities boarded the Cunard liner ' Carinthia ' at Kronstadt. Several hours were spent in examining passports. The Soviet Government set up a Bureau de...

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World Day for Animals To-DAY, October 4th, is dedicated to

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Saint Francis of -I- Assisi, and throughout Europe and America meet- ings are to be held on behalf of animals. In London, the National Council for Animal's Welfare will assemble...

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The Touring Pigeons

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-Ill-OST people who travel by road in England seem to be agreed that something ought to be done about our hotels and inns : something, that is to say, to restore the inn's good...

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Gramophone Notes

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ONE of the serious problems of the day, as everyone knows, is the decay of rural life, partly due to the condition of agri- culture, but also to the dullness of an environment...

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Correspondence

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A LEIS - ER FROM GENEVA. [To the Editor of the Sexc-rwron.] SIR,—There was a time, not many years ago, when critics of the League looked upon the Assembly as simply a talking....

Music

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[THREE CHOIRS FESTIVAL.] TIIE recent meeting of the Three Choirs of Worcester, Hereford, and Gloucester in Hereford Cathedral was remarkable not so much for the new music as...

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. Pleiades

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On Wandering in Poland MY first sight of anything Polish, except the fields through which we had passed in the early morning on our way from Vienna, was the ancient city of...

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The general question of preserving the countryside is dis- cussed

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with particularly incisive wisdom in the current number of that invaluable little green quarterly, The Countryman, which may be called the Intelligence Bureau of Country Life....

A POISONED POISONER.

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The mention of ragwort (of which I wrote recently in refer- ence to its qualities both as a dye and a poison) suggests a more or less new remedy for this and other weeds. I know...

Ax URBAN SANCTUARY.

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A very, very small garden in the north-west of London is populous, according to the census of its proprietor, with grey squirrels, and many birds that have included tits, wrens,...

Country Life

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COMPETING COUNCILS. Countrymen, who concern themselves with the reconstruction of village life begin to be conscious of a missing link in local government. The county councils...

Now the county councils, whose powers have been greatly extended

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by the Town Planning Act, have at last awakened to their opportunities. Stimulated and indeed educated by the experts of the C.P.R.E.—another Intelligence Bureau of the best...

A TAME STARLING.

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A very charming account of the taming of a young starling, that has since become a "friend and a brother," is sent by a correspondent who suggests that the starling is among the...

The ugliest thing in Berkshire, and yet more emphatically in

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the neighbour shire of Wilts, is the derelict farm with its decayed houses and buildings, its rank weeds and vermin. Contrariwise, one of the most beautiful things is such a...

QUEER TRAVELLERS.

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At this moment, when the change is at its height, we must all notice the migration of birds, if Only by the disappearance of the summer birds and the appearance of winter...

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St. Loe Strachey

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By Amy Strachey The SPECTATOR is publishing three extracts, of which the second appears below, from the memoirs of St. Loe Strachey by Mrs. Strachey. St. Loe Strachey's...

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BUNGALOPIIOBIA

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—If Mr. Stanley Casson had been able to show us a photograph of his ideal bungalow we should have been able to determine his right to...

[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sin,—Writing to the Manchester

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Guardian, Professor Gilbert Slater suggests that if the right of India to secede is recognized and an Indian appointed the next Viceroy, there will be no more grounds for...

To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—It is unfortunate that

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the writer of the article "The Untouchable Classes and Swaraj " did not acknowledge the fact that the Simon Report recommends the very legislation which Dr. Ambedkar the leader...

[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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Sin,—To a reader of your recent correspondence on " Bungalo- phobia " a good story, very applicable to the case, comes from Scotland. A stranger, passing through a beautiful...

Letters to the Editor

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GREAT BRITAIN AND INDIA [To the Editor of the SrEcrATon] Sra,—Mr. Mahanti's letter, in your issue of September 27th, contains the astounding statement that the Congress party...

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THE FUTURE OF EAST AFRICA

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sia,—As the subject is of such importance at the present time, 1 hope you will be able to allow me a little space for this letter. While sorry...

BRITISH INVESTORS IN FRENCH RENTES

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—Does not Mr. Snowden's note to the French Government on the above raise the whole question of war finance ? We should try to understand...

PORTUGAL AND SLAVERY

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[To the Editor of the SPE6TATOR.] S1R,—We are confronted here with a position upon the above subject so extraordinary in international diplomacy that I trust you will allow me...

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TREATMENT FOR ASTHMATICS

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—The effective treatment of asthma, that most distressing and disabling of complaints, is a problem that has recently attracted...

THE CARLISLE SCHEME

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sin,—The Royal Commission on Licensing, which is sitting at present, has been the means of bringing the Carlisle scheme of disinterested...

UNEARNED INCREMENT

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sin,—Your correspondent, Mr. Bernard Hobson, in your issue of the 13th ult., asserts that my suggestion of taxing "Land Values" would penalize...

PAPAL SUPREMACY

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sm.—After reading an anonymous review of threebooks on the Papal supremacy in the Spectator, dated September 6th, I would like, as a Catholic...

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• THE BREEDING OF PIGEONS

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sin,—May I, through your columns, draw the attention of your readers to an insidious form of cruelty that has gradually become serious ? The...

ENGLISH COUNTRY HOTELS

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—Your correspondent, Sir H. Kimber, writes in praise of the English country hotel. I am not disposed to quarrel with anything he says, but...

THE FUR CRUSADE

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sin,—The letter sent by Major Van der Byl's correspondent in Canada, which appeared in your issue of September 20th, is terrible reading, and...

THE PARTY SYSTEM

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Stn,—Unfortunately for Mrs. Willianason's ideal of parliamen- tary representation, it has failed wherever it has been attempted, and our...

BRITISH SCHOOLBOYS AT BULL-FIGHTS

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—The announcement in the Daily Mail of September 20th that attendance at two bull-fights formed part of the arrange- ments made for British...

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POINTS FROM LETTERS FUR AND CRUELTY.

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I read an article on the above and note it is mostly about the fox, also that they are put to an end with chloroform or put into a lethal chamber ? Am I right in saying that...

A Hundred Years Ago

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THE " SPECTATOR," OCTOBER 2ND, 1830. Ma. Hazzarr. A writer in the New Monthly Magazine (who, by the way, appears to have some curious notions of the relations of things) says...

A Lullaby of Rest

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WORKHOUSE and Bedlam, Refuge, Den, For Passions deaf and blind— How many strange and peevish things Have harboured in my mind I Ambition, Pride and Greed, with all The Body's...

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LITERARY SUPPLEMENT T o &ht Sputator (4511 No. 5,336.] WEEK. ENDING SATURDAY,

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OCTOBER 4, 1930. [GRATIS

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Wordsworth as a Political Force

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PROFESSOR HERFORD has added something worth while to the huge literature on Wordsworth. In a hasty reading of his book I find two principal preoccupations which show at once...

, Mahatma Gandhi

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Mahatma Gandhi : His Own Story. Edited by C. F. Andrews. (Allen and Unwin. '12s. Od.) Tars story begins in a family of officials, in a Native State so Petty that the Resident...

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A Subtle Alchemy

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E. M. Dell : Pullman. (13enn. 7s. 9d.) IN mediaeval times there were men who sat up all night transmuting lead into gold, and others who went long journeys in search of the...

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Black and White

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The Rise of South Africa. Vol. V. By Emeritus Professor Sir George Cory, M.A., D.Litt. (Longmans. 205.) Tins latest volume of Sir George Cory's history is described as...

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A "Romantic Soliloquy" IN reading the works of the philosophers

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of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, we cannot fail to notice how much greater are the sweep of their imagination and the richness and clarity of their expression than...

The Puritan Revolution

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Cromwell. By Encordio Modigliano. Translated from the Italian by L. E. Marshall. (Hodder and Stoughton. 10s. 6d.). Cromwell and Communism : Socialism and Democracy in the Great...

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Heroes and Pacifists

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War Letters of Fallen Englishmen. Edited by Laurence Housman. (Collanez. 7s. 6d.) Ma. Sassocor, being at once hero, pacifist and poet, has written a very good book ; indeed, it...

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Mr. Powys and Mr. Mencken

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Mn. Powys's book is accompanied by a letter from the pub- lishers which draws attention to two points—its polemical force and its literary charm—and proceeds surprisingly to...

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Australia Explained

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Australia. By W. K. Hancock, Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, and Professor of Modern History in the University of Adelaide. (Henn. 15s.) CANADA has long been near and known...

DIRECT subscriber, who are changing their addresses are asked 0

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notify the 'SPECTATOR Office BEFORE MIDDAY on MONDAY Of SACS WEER. The previous address to which the paper has been sent awl receipt reference number should be quoted.

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London: Printed by W. SPIAIGLT NiD Sons, Ern., 98 and

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99 Fetter Lane. EC. 4, and Published by THE Svxcrxxok. LTD.., at their Offices. hio. 99 Gower Street, London, W.C. 1.—Saturday, October 4, 1931).

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The late Sir harry Johnston, with his passion for economic

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botany, would have revelled in Mr. Fairchild's Exploring for Plants (Macmillan, 215.), and he would have envied the United States its possession of a Foreign Plant Introduction...

("General Knowledge Competition" and "More Books of V

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Week" will be found on pages 471 and 472.)

Frau Marie von Bunsen knows two worlds. She calls her

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book The World I Used to Know (Thornton Butterworth, Its.), but she has known more than one. The daughter of a famous Ambassador to the Court of St. James, she has much English...

In What We Drink, a booklet published by Messrs. Heine-

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mann for Is., we learn that our distinguished predecessor, the Spectator of April 2901, 1712, advised its readers " to be in a particular manner careful how they meddle with...

A very beautifully produced book is Henry James : letters

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to A. C: Benson Mid - Auguste Moriod ; now first published and edited with an introduction by Mi.: E.' F. Benson (Elkin; Mathews and Marrot, 15s:), Henry James was a remarkable...

Some Books of the Week

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Puatisuno in 1924 at ten guineas, the reappearance of Major j. IV. Hills' A Summer on the Test (Philip Allan, 15s.) at a new price and with the addition of seven chapters makes...

One would like to know a little more about the

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provenance of Mr. Harry E. Burroughs' Tale of a Vanished Land (Allen, I5s.). It seems in large part autobiographical, and describes the life of a Jewish community, of whom the...

The Competition

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YOUR cousin and his wife, who have lived all their lives in Australia, want to spend one month of next year in Great Britain. They ask your advice as to when they should come,...

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From Ants to Einstein

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WHAT Mr. Langdon-Davies means by God and Religion may not be very clear ; for in the end, after he has conducted us very amiably down the corridors of Time he leaves us with the...

Lord James of Hereford

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To politicians who are not yet old it seems only the other day that Lord James of Hereford was one of the strongest of political figures, always prominent in a crisis and always...

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Portrait of an Able Editor

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W. E. Henley : A Memoir. By Kennedy Williamson. (Shaylor. Its. 6d.) Ormx we hear lamented the hard lot of famous actors, who pass and leave no record of their great qualities,...

French Mystics

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A Literary History of Religious Thought in France. By Henri Bremond. Translated by K. L. Montgomery. Vol. II The Coming of Mysticism. (S.P.C.K. Ifs.) ONE of the special charms...

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Cheaper Novels THE " dollar novel" has caused something of a

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sensation in the United States. Now we are to have its equivalent in this country, through the enterprise of Mr. Victor Gollancz, who has formed a company (separate from his...

Fiction

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Puppets and People Taunt, as we know, is stranger than fiction. Only make fiction strange enough, therefore, and it will resemble life ! Such, at least, seems to be Miss...

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CORDUROY. By Adrian Bell. (Cobden Sanderson. 7s. 6d.)—Mr. Adrian Bell's

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Corduroy is not a novel, nor is it exactly a diary or a disquisition. It is difficult to say what it is, except that, in its own way, it is wholly delightful. Mr. Bell recounts...

that his plot lacks that originality and invention which we

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have come to expect front him. It is the story of a man who, while a millionaire, lost his only &did through ill-treat meat suffered at the hands of a gang of kidnappers, and...

General Knowledge Questions

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OUR weekly prize of one guinea for the best thirteen Questions submitted is awarded this week to the Rev. F. Rawson Briggs, The Rectory, Gresham, Norwich, for the following :-...

DAS BLINDE GESHLECHT. By Emma Bonn. (Leipzig, Nikola Verlag.)—The works

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of Miss Emma Bonn arc known to a large public in Germany, and are so lucid in expression that we turn to them with some relief. Here is not perhaps a masterpiece, but it is an...

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* * * *

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Ninety years ago a small part of the Ninth Earl of North- umberland's Advice to his Son, now edited by Mr. G. B. Harrison (Henn, 8s. 6d.), was published in the journal of a...

The Etruscans still remain a people of mystery, and not

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all the learning and imagination of Miss M. A. Johnstone can tell us who they were, whether they were aliens or of the soil, Lydians (as Herodotus would have it, to the scandal...

More Books of the Week

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(Continued from page 467) If there are still any people who think that the Allies '` Balkanized" Eastern Europe, they will be undeceived by Colonel von Glaise-Horsteriau's very...

There is a close and curious parallel between the British

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raj in India and Japanese relations with Korea. Into that country, annexed to the island Empire in 1910, Japan has introduced railways, roads, sanitation, and irrigation works....

It is difficult to say just how far one is

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to accept as a truthful account An African Savage's Own Story, by Lo-Bagola (Knopf, 10s. 6d.). If it is true, it is a very strange story, and if it is true, the ethnography of...

The political conflicts that followed the accession of George III

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in 1760 are of high interest, as one of their results was the loss of the old American colonies. Mr. L. B. Namier's intensive study of the political system then prevailing and...

Mr. J. J. Williams is not the first to have

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detected Hebrew influence in darkest Africa—one might instance Merker and the Masai, with his more recent disciples—but he is the first to have followed up the clues with such...

• The trite saying of Pope was never better illustrated

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than by The Impending Storm, by Somerset de Chaire (Constable, 5s.). The author, an eighteen-year-old, does not lay claim to more than a little learning, but one would have...

Wellington's youngest brother Henry was a diplomatist of high repute

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in his day, and his grandson, Colonel F. A. Wellesley, has done well to edit The Diary and Correspondence of Henry Wellesley, First Lord Cowley, 1790-4846 (Hutchinson, 21s.). He...

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We often wonder who reads the average travel-book, usually a

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badly written, blatant self-advertisement, and it is refreshing therefore to come across such a narrative as Forest Life and Adventures in the Malay Archipelago, by the dis-...

* * * • A translation of Albert Neuburger's Die

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Technik der Alter- tams, so enthusiastically welcomed in Germany, is no light undertaking, and we may congratulate Dr. Henry L. Brose on the courage and perseverance which have...

Much information-scenic, political and social-can be drawn from Mr. Kenneth

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Grubb's Amazon and Andes (Methuen, 18s.) which describes travel among the Andean States north of the tropic and several water-journeys on the headstreams of the Amazon and its...

A Library List

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NEW EDITIONS :-The Outline of History. By II. G. Wells. (Cassell. 8s. 6d.)-My, Life. By lsadora Duncan. (Gollanez. 35. 6d.)-The Life and Tragedy of Alexandra Feodorovna, Empress...

Answers to Questions on the Prayer Book

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1. 1549. 1551 (repealed 1553). 1559 (Latin 1560). Suppressed 1644. Revived 1660. Revised 1661, and first used August 24th, 1662. (Blunt's Annotated Book of Common Prayer ; Ed.,...

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Finance—Public & Private

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Gold and Industry—I I HAVE been asked by several readers of the Spectator to write something in these columns with regard to industrial depression in relation to the question...

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CEYLON LOAN *SUCCESS:'

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' That in spite of financial and industrial depression there is a good deal of liquid capital awaiting investment was evidenced by :the iffunediate suceeSS 'Whinh 'attended the...

Financial Notes

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INVESTMENTS FIRM. IN many respects the Stock Markets may be said to have relapsed into the conditions which prevailed more than a month ago and before the temporary rally in...

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* * * • AN IMPORTANT TRUST.

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Notwithstanding the many unfavourable factors operating during the past year, the directors of the City and International Trust, Ltd., were able, recently, to publish a...