30 MARCH 1929

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The recent shower of by-elections has encouraged the Liberals and

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implanted some dismay in thoss Unionists who are too susceptible to suggestions of ult... mate defeat. The Unionists' have not lost an ShUniing number of votes to either the...

The Washington correspondent of the Times says that the validity

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of the old territorial limit of three miles is recognized as fully by the United States as by the British Government. Congress, of course, tried to set up a twelve-mile limit...

Rum-running is an odious business, and though decent Englishmen have

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no arguments to offer in excuse for it (except the rather feeble one that America cannot expect other countries to help her to enforce an ill-advised law), international rights...

News of the Week

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THE sinking, off the Louisiana coast, of the rum-run- -I- ing auxiliary schooner `1'xin Alone,' said to -have been in Canadian ownership, by an American ,Coastguard cutter...

IMPORTANT NOTICE

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CHANGE OF ADDRESS OF "THE SPECTATOR." The new address of the SPECTATOR'S Editorial, Publishing,: and Advertising Offices is : 99 GOWER STREET,- LONDON, W.C. 1. Telephone :...

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Of the two promises the second, though perhaps less startling,

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is the more wildly impossible of fulfilment. Evidently many Liberals are not happy about it. Mr. Runciman has spoken frostily about the proposed borrowing and Mr. Vivian...

Although it is plain to the Labour Party now that

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unemployment can be ended, it was by no means plain to their Government when it was in office. Mr. Snowden, as Chancellor of the Exchequer, said—we quote from the Daily...

The Government, Sir Arthur Steel-Maitland went on to say, were

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as much concerned as either the. Liberals or Labour about electrical development, slum clearance, housing, afforestation, drainage and roads, and were pressing on as rapidly as...

For surely it cannot be forgotten that Mr. Baldwin's great

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claim to the confidence of the nation when he became Prime Minister was that he substituted moderation of ' language and promise for the excesses of Mr. Lloyd George. The...

It is said that Mr. Baldwin will produce the Unionist

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programme when he. speaks at Bristol on April 25th. We wish that an earlier date had been chosen, but perhaps a large 'part of the programme will be embedded' in the Budget...

In the House of Commons on Monday the debate on

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unemployment was remarkable for the -unexpected absence of Mr. 'Lloyd George. Mr. D R. Grenfell and Mr. J. Baker stated what Labour could do in terms as valiant as those of Mr....

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The news from Spain is better. General Primo de Rivera

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after several lapses from grace which were dis- appointing to his friends here is now at pains to restore his good name as the most human and moderate of dictators. On Friday,...

The mystery of Lord Rothermere's relations with Mr. Lloyd George

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has been solved by . the new policy of the Daily Mail which is a Coalition " to defeat Socialism " under Mr. Baldwin and Mr. Lloyd George. We do not gather who is to be the...

The present methods of the disposal of refuse by our

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municipal dustcarts are strongly censured in the Report on Public Cleansing in London, issued by the Ministry of Health on Saturday, March 16th. We shall return to this subject,...

On, Tuesday Marshal Foch was buried in the Invalides beside

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Napoleon. The Prince of Wales was present. The service in Notre Dame, the procession through three miles of streets, and the funeral oration by M. Poineare were in their...

The relations of Great Britain and Egypt are probably as

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satisfactory as they have been since the War. It was announced in the House of Commons on Thursday, March 22nd, that the Egyptian Government had ratified the Financial Agreement...

. The loss of the great German passenger vessel, Europa,'

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which was designed to win the supremacy in trans-Atlantic speed, is a very heavy blow to German shipping, and commands our sympathy. The ship was not finished when she caught...

Last Saturday Cambridge had a good day when they won

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both the Boat Race and the Sports. The Boat Race was a runaway affair. The Cambridge crew were individually so good that they had been expected to develop into an exceptional...

Englishmen, naturally, find something peculiarly Gilbertian in the Italian General

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Elections held last Sunday. The structure of Signor Mussolini's " totali- tarian " State is not like any form of representative government that has _ever been known. As in...

Plebiscite would be a more appropriate term than election for

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these proceedings, and indeed everything was done to make the ballot—which required simply the answer " yes " or " no "—a testimony of national acclamation. The points to note...

Bank Rate, 51 per cent., changed from 41 per cent.,

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on February 7th, 1929. War Loan (5 per cent.) was on Tuesday 1011; on Tuesday week 1021; a year ago, 1021. Funding Loan (4 per cent.) was on Tuesday 86 ; on Tuesday week 881 ; a...

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The Police Report

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T HE Report of the Royal Commission on Police Powers and Procedure is satisfactory for two reasons : first, because it is unanimous, and secondly, because it contains a number...

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The Problem of Chinese Unity

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T HE Nanking Government, so far as we can judge, is the ship which carries Caesar and his fortunes. If the ship should be wrecked, and Caesar should be drowned, a long time...

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In Defence of the Faith

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The Miraculous Elements in the Gospels [The writer of this article, Dr. Gordon Selwyn, is well known in ecclesiastical circles as editor of " Theology " and author of several...

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Minorities

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[On Thursday, March 2Ist, and Friday, March 22nd, the British Section of the . Women's International League held a Conference at Caxton Hall, Westminster, on the subject of...

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George Darley

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REDDOES, of whom we wrote here recently, frequently referred in his correspondence to the work and person of George Darley; along with Byron, Shelley, and Keats, and the other...

Pastoral

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I N Dublin awaking is a rude business. Sleep has come in spite of the motor-cars and the choric cats ; but it will not last too long, for the seagulls open the day with raucous...

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Narrow Shaves D EATH, the destroyer of forms, often comes close,

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to remind us of the continuin g reality behind the world of appearancei, but he never takes us before the time appointed. Sometimes apparent miracles are accom- plished to keep...

Aeroplanes and African Fauna

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.T HAVE been asked to explain why, at a recent -I- meetin g of the Society for the Protection of the Fauna of the Empire, I proposed from the chair a motion deplorin g the use...

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The Theatre

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L" THE TIDINGS BROUGHT TO MARY:' BY PAUL CLAUDE[. AT THE ARTS THEATRE CLUB.] THE name and fame of the present French Ambassador in Washington do not seem to have reached...

Correspondence

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A LETTER FROM Lim A. f To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sin, — The regally-republican retinue of journalists and photographers and secretaries and secret-service agents who...

DIRECT MIlocribere who are changing their addressee are asked to

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notify the SPECTATOR Office BEFORE MIDDAY on MONDAY OF EACH WEEK. The previous address to which the paper has been sent and receipt reference number should be quoted:

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A Hundred Years Ago We have a tale of misery

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to tell which we are sure will awak e universal commiseration from one end of the country to the other. We have, only yesterday, penetrated the back lanes of Bethnal. green, and...

Poetry

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The Empty Swing BY clear of moon on winter nights The child-swing in the paddock green Beside the farm of lonely lights Moves idly, pushed by hands unseen— Up and down, to...

PRIZE-FIGHTING.

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One of these brutal exhibitions took place last week, near East Barnett, between two fellows named. Doyle and Macginnis, for 56. They fought twenty rounds, when the latter...

LAY Dorross.

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The writer of Simplicity, we are pretty well convinced, is of the male gender, and his work bears evident marks of age. It is very clear to be seen that the Old Gentleman is a...

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REFUGEES.

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The tides of war and revolution in Russia, carrying land- borne infection, and the constant movement of a vast and polyglot host through the ports of the Far East, carrying...

A VERY PRACTICAL DEPARTMENT.

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This department of the League is presided over by Dr. Ludwik Rajchmann, a Pole. Its objects are to advise the League on all international problems of public health, to establish...

OTHER ACTIVMES.

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We have not in this short retrospect nearly exhausted the calendar of the good deeds accomplished by the Health Organization, but our space is limited. In ages to come, when the...

The subsequent steps by which the present organization came into

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being need not detain us. It is sufficient to know that it now consists of an Advisory Council, a Health Com- mittee and the Health Section of the Secretariat which carries out...

ITs INCEPTION.

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It was, moreover, into the war-wracked, fever-stricken and famished world of 1920 that the League Council brought the Health Conference into being, so that from its very...

COLLECTIVE AND SPECIALIST INTERCHANGES.

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This world-wide system of medical interchange is roughly of two kinds :- (a) The Collective Interchange, where about twenty medical officers spend six weeks studying the health...

ESTABLISHMENT OF STANDARDS.

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Although the Health Organization does not and cannot finance pure research, an important part of its work consists in facilitating the application of discoveries already made....

The League of Nations

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The Health Organization of the League WHAT is the vitamin content of cod-liver oil ? How are we to control anthrax in cattle ? How far is an impure milk supply responsible for...

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Tim NEW BOTANY.

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It is - quite possible that the discoveries in the manufacture of paper, artificial silk, and cotton and cellulose fibres may give a new value to many sorts of annual and...

Country Life

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ROMECROFI a. Homecrofting is a delightful name for a movement of promise. In England it was started in 1926, when the Spectator opened its columns for the aid of a particular...

A LESSON IN RECLAMATION.

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We are a little shy in England of the cost and labour of anything that may be called land reclamation ; but how far our most ambitious schemes fall below - the efforts of those...

A QUEER PAIR.

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Two bird observers in my own neighbourhood have bee n much interested in the ways of that no longer rare bird, the greater spotted woodpecker. A hen bird, with one maimed leg,...

T wo MAMMAL ODDITIES.

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Two oddities, in a different branch of natural histbry, are amusing other observers. An utterly unknown animal has been frequenting a group of young plantations for the last...

URBAN GARDENERS.

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Quite apart from this particular experiment, homecrofting . in some form is peculiarly necessary in an industrial country ; and I should say that our urban and semi-urban...

BROTEX !

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The new plant, Brotex, which is to confer some immense boon on both agriculture and the cellulOse industry, has now dropped some its mysterious trappings. It is on exhibition...

ECCENTRIC BIRDS.

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What has happened to the birds ? Details of every sort of novelty of habit are recorded day after day. I said something last week of the quantity and variety of duck on London...

Page 15

IN DEFENCE OF THE FAITH

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] am interested in reading Father Francis Woodlock's criticism of some of the statements made in the article by the Archbishop of York. May I...

A POOR MAN AND THE LAW

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—Mr. Horace J. Andrews writes very glibly about justice being bought and sold, but judges have to be paid, court officials have to be paid,...

Letters to the Editor

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EDUCATION FOR SALESMANSHIP [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] sut,—As you have pointed out in a previous issue, one of the recommendations of the Government Committee on Educa-...

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"HOW , TO ABOLISH THE SLUMS " [To the Editor

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of the SPECTATOR.] Sta,—Your review of Mr. E. -D. Simon's, " How to Abolish the Shmris,", (Spectator, February 16th) leads me to write to the Spectator regarding an aspect of...

[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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Sm,—Criticism usually finds utterance. May appreciation out of the obscurity of a country parish express itself ? Mr. Dennis' letter suggests the question, Have the critical...

WOMAN'S POSITION IN ENGLAND AND FRANCE -- [TO the Editor

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of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—It is possible that the views of " Inquirer " and of " Traveller " in the Spectator last month on the status of women in France, contradictory as they...

Page 17

KING'S COLLEGE HOSPITAL SUPPLEMENT

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No. 5,257.3 WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, MARCH 30, 1929. G HAM

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An Afternoon at King's College Hospital I ONCE spent eleven

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long_ weeks in a hospital in one of the British Dominions and to the careful, nursing I received there owe my life. For that very. personal reason, when / visit a hospital ir...

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The History of the Hospital

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KING'S COLLEGE HOSPITAL is a voluntary hospital. It is now nearly a hundred years old. It was founded in 1839 by King's College, which itself had been founded just ten years...

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A General Survey

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Is hospitals were commercial organizations, which they are riot, it would be possible for_them to ensure their eontinuity.by the_use_ of the accepted methods of publicity which...

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Locdon: Printed by W. SPF.AICIIT AND SONS, LTD., 98 and

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99 Fetter Lane, E.C. 4, and Published by THE SPECTATOR, LTD., at their Offices, No. 99 Gower Street, London, W.C. 1.—Saturday March 30, 1929.

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BRITISH FARMING

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sia,—The writer of " Women's Part in British Farming " places his (or her) finger on a vital need. The days of slip- shod farming are past. If...

THE BLACK RAT

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—In reply to an inquiry in your issue of March 9th, this ' clean, sportive little rodent (M. Rattus) is in almost complete possession at...

OPPORTUNITIES IN JUGO-SLAVIA

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sla.,—The announcement that seven new bridges are to be built in Jugo-Slavia calls attention to the present great develop- ments in that...

TACNA-ARICA

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sia,—In your issue of March 2nd, when discussing the question of the Tacna-Arica dispute, you have this sentence : " The decisive - factor in...

WHAT SHALL WE FIGHT ?

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[To the Editor -of the SPECTATOR.] Sig,—May I submit a rider to Mr. Yeats-Brown's stimulating article ? Why did Mr. Everyman all over Europe run to fight in 1914 ? It has been...

Page 34

VERSE FORMS.

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A. H. A. in his " New Verse Forms " must not give all the credit to America for the birth of the punning Rhymbel. I quote two verses from a longer poem of Victor Hugo's, pub....

THE PAYMENT OF GOLF CADDIES [To the Editor of -the

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SPECTATOR.] Sur,—In 1912, on a well-known Surrey golf course, I started an allotment garden close to the club house. The members paid five shillings contribution towards the...

POINTS FROM LETTERS

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BARKING CHURCH REPAIR. FUND. Barking, in mediaeval times, was a country town, gathered round the Abbey. Subsequently it became the fishing port of London—until the sixties of...

Re your " Great Winds " article of September 22nd

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last, Conrad's captain did not tell his wife, after going through a typhoon, that he had met with " dirty weather." He wrote to her that he had expected never to see her and the...

"Six YEARS OUT OF Woam."

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Will you kindly express my grateful thankc to those readers of the Spectator who were interested in my article, " Six Years Out of Work," and for their kindly assistance, which...

A CORRECTION.

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In my review of Miss Yvonne Fitzroy's A Canadian Fano• rama last week may I correct a misprint which is possibly due to my bad writing ? I compared her style to Norris, the...

" ENGLISH UNDEFILED " The letter of " A. S."

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regarding the " abuse " (!) of such words as " which " and " wheel " raises an interesting problem which has perplexed me from childhood. The words cannot be pronounced as...

OUR ABERDARE FUND

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During the past week the following donations have reached us, which are gratefully acknowledged below. Our aim has now been achieved, in that we have provided for the immediate...

Page 35

Miss Richards, in her Prelude to Provmwe (Richards' Press, 10s.

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6d.), knows that in one volume she cannot describe in meticulous detail the dreaming beauty of the country or the enormous wealth of monuments it can boast, and therefore, and...

Christian Unity : Its History and Challenge, by the Rev.

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Gains Jackson Slosser, Ph.D. (Kegan Paul, 21s.), is the latest testi- mony to humanity's age-long striving to realize the great ideal of the Founder of Christianity. Its value...

Few pioneers have experienced more of the ups and downs

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f fortune, the alternate favour and ingratitude of their contemporaries, than did Bolivar, the founder of Bolivia and liberator of Venezuela, Columbia, Chili, Peru, and other...

Jn his Politische Novelle, translated with the title The Persians

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are Coining (Knopf, 6s.) Bruno Frank presents us with the first symbolic study of the European peace movement. It tells of the Meeting near Cannes between Carmer, a German...

Some Books of the Week

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will hope that under General Higgins the Salvation y may achieve greater success than ever and forget its differences. But the story of the recent crisis was worth , as has been...

Studies of Savages and Sec (Methuen, 10s. 6d.), a post-

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unnous volume by Ernest Crawley, edited by Theodore Etesterman, will dd little to further the reputation of its [istinguished author. These notes (for they are little more han...

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A New Competition

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THE Editor offers a prize of five guineas for the best account of one or more " narrow shaves " in the experience of com- petitors or their friends. Stories should be true,...

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Gipsy Politics

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Lo Regime Fasciste Italien. Par Francesco Luigi Ferrari. Universite Catholiquo de Louvain. Collection de l'Eeole des Sciences Politiques et Sociales. Paris : (Edition Spes. 25...

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Montaigne the Traveller The Diary of Montaigne's Journey to Italy

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in 1580 and 1581. Translated by E. J. Trechmann. (The Hogarth P11388. 15s.) lams many a harassed author, Montaigne saw his first two volumes of essays safely launched and then...

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An Open Question

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The Life of General Dyer. By Ian Colvin. (Blackwood. 20s.) WAS General Dyer a hot-headed tyrant who risked the white man's prestige in India, or a hero but for whom that...

Comedy and Sentiment English Comic Drama, 1700-1750. By F. W.

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Bateson. (Oxford University Press. 7s. 6d.) Three Plays by Nicholas Rowe. Edited by R. Sutherland. (Scholartis Press. 21s.) MEN are apt to take stock of past achievements and of...

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The Secrets of the Prison-House

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My Twenty-six Prisons and My Escape from Solovetskl. By Captain Yonri Bersonov. (Cape. 7s. 6d.) THE best way—the only right way—to review this strong, truth-telling and...

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A Mohammedan Gentleman

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ALWAYS a hero-worshipper, Mr. Andrews has sat at the feet of a succession of Indian patriots, from Mr. Gandhi down- wards, without distinction of creed or caste. Zaka Uhl was...

The Re-Discovery of America .

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WE had no idea that America was in the same sad plight as Scotland, namely, lacking in true national character. At any rate, whether re-discovery is the right word or not, there...

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Fiction

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Real and Unreal People Those who have read the bitter and exquisite stories in A Tiny Seed of Love will gladly receive Sense and Sensuality, the first novel of Sarah Salt....

TIIE PAINTED FACE. By Oliver Onions. (Heinemann. 7s. 6d.)—Mr. Oliver

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Onions is a novelist whose insight, delicacy, and style are perhaps not sufficiently appreciated. He is especially an adept in the psychology of spiritual fear, and the...

ROBBERS AND SOLDIERS. By Albert Ehrenstein. Translated by Geoffry Dunlop.

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(Gerald Howe. 7s. (Id.)— To the man who knows only the Treaty Ports and Inter- national Settlements of China this translation of an old thirteenth-century Chinese novel will...

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Everybody interested in art will welcome the second and enlarged

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edition of Who's Who in Art (The Art Trade Press). The first edition fulfilled a very useful function, and this new volume, edited by Mr. Bernard Dolman, with more than twice...

More Books of the Week

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(Continued from page 511.) 'No one in England is better qualified than Colonel Geoffrey Brooke to write of modern polo, hunting, racing, and par- ticularly of show-jumping in...

Those who have been refreshed or instructed by Mr. Punch's

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periodical illustrations and expositions of the philosophy and humours of golf will like to find a number of them collected into one volume, entitled Mr. Punch on the Links...

I It's fules wad bide in London when they kent

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o' Kirrie- muir "—sings Miss Violet Jacob, and if there is no very pressing danger of an acute house-shortage being set up in Kirriemuir on account of her advice, there is at...

To the engineer doubtless all things seem possible, if the

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money can be found. Mr. William Collard, who describes his Proposed London and Paris Railway in a substantial volume (P. S. King, 10s. Oci.), is quite sure that, on a new...

Those who have the good fortune to obtain The Story

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of a Mid-Victorian Girl, by Evelyn Hopkinson, privately printed at the Cambridge University Press, will agree with us that it is an exquisite little book about many clever and...

Report of the Competition

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WE have a certain sympathy with the contributor to th e " What is the first thing you remember " Competition, wh e relates the following, " true incident " :- Elder,...

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• THREE MAIN FACTORS.

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The three main factors operating at the present time are the monetary situation in New York with its reper- cussion upon other foreign centres, the decisions to be reached by...

REPARATIONS.

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The impending decisions of the Reparations Com- mission with regard to future plans for the settlement of German Reparations is not, of course, necessarily an un- favourable...

MONETARY INFLUENCE.

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With regard to the first of these factors or influences, I would refer readers to the article which appeared in the Spectator of February 16th, when I dealt with the connexion...

Finance--Public & Private

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The Investment Outlook IT- would be interesting and possibly profitable to readers of the Spectator if I were able, in the course of this article to indicate in clear and...

General Knowledge Questions

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OUR weekly prize of one guinea for the best thirteen Questions submitted is awarded this week to the Students of the Knutsford Test School, Hawarden, Chester. Questions on Rats...

Page 44

" BEAR " MARKETS.

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There are still nearly two months to run before the General Election, in other words, two Months before uncertainty can be changed into certainty, and it is the definite...

ELECTION UNCERTAINTIES.

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Finally, we come to the important . factor of the unsettlement and uncertainty engendered by the prospect of a General Election. If examination were made of the general course...

POINTS FOR CONSIDERATION.

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Arising out of these considerations there are one or two observations which, perhaps, may usefully be made. The first is that those who have been selling securities during the...

THE CUNARD POSITION.

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That the directors of the Cunard Steamship Co. should have been able to maintain their dividend at 7f per cent, with no appreciable decrease in the carry forward, notwith....

SCOTTISH PROVIDENT.

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At the recent annual general meeting of the Scottish Provi- dent Institution the Chairman was able . to present a most excellent Report, the net new business for the year of...

Financial Notcs

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HESITATING MARKETS. WHEN all allowance is made for the numerous adverse influences "operating, the stock markets must be described a , fairly steady. That does not mean,...

MERCANTILE BANK OF INDIA.

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The latest Annual Report of the Mercantile Bank of India shows great steadiness as regards profits, the total for last year of £250,201 showing merely a trifling shrinkage...

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THE NEW CHIEF CASHIER. .

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Presumably, we shall now very soon be missing the very ramiliar signature on the Bank of England Notes of Mr. C. P. Ilahon, whose position I note will shortly be filled by the...

Exceptional interest attaches to the Meeting, last Monday, f Vickers

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LiMited owing to the recent changes connected with the transfer of the manufacturing activities to subsidiary Companies. It Will be remembered that these operations included the...

EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY.

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The report of the Employers' Liability Assurance rporation for the past year denotes continued progress in e company's activities.' There was a growth, for instance, in the...

.... BANKING IN. THE EAST.

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When allowance is made for the present difficult conditions in Eastern banking, the annual report of the Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China is a satisfactory one, the...