25 NOVEMBER 1932

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America's Refusal The White House Conference between the President and

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the President-Elect of the United States having dispelled any hope that America will assent to the postponement of the debt-payment of £29,000,000, due to her by this country on...

The proposals regarding the air are frankly disap- pointing. Not

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only do they fall far short of the expecta- tions Mr. Baldwin's notable speech in the House of Commons of November had justly aroused, but they go by no means as far as the...

News of the Week T HE British, disarmament plan has had

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a good recep- tion . at Geneva. That is as it should be, for the new proposals are a considerable advance on any so far put forward by this country. Most important of all, Sir...

OFFICES: 99 Gower Si., London, W.C. 1. Tel. : MUSEUM

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1721. Rntered as second-class Mail Matter at the New York, N. 1'. Post Office, Dec. 23rd, 1896. Postal subecription 308. per annum, to any part of the world. Postage on this...

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Hindenburg and Hitler The German constitutional crisis unfolds slowly. Close

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as Herr Hitler has been to the Chancellorship he is evi- dently unable to guarantee a Parliamentary majority for his Cabinet, and the President on the other side has s o far...

Redundant Mines Definite action by the Coal Mines Reorganization Commission

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has cut unceremoniously across a considerable mass of public discussion about the working of the Act of 1980. It may be admitted that the limitation laid on production works...

Collective Action Very useful service has been rendered by Lord

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Howard of Penrith, Sir Edward Grigg and other recent writers of letters to The Times on the vital question of collective action against a violator of world peace. Sir Edward...

The Future of Manchukuo About the precise procedure to be

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followed in the handling of the Manchurian dispute at Geneva, and the relations of the Council and Assembly in the matter, there is room for sonic discussion, but about the main...

* * Equality for Germany The presence of the principal

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Foreign Ministers at Geneva in connexion with the Manchurian affair is provi- ding a useful opportunity for conversations on Germany' s equality of status claim. Baron Neurath...

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Mrs. Mollison's Flight Mrs. Mollison has flown from London to

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the Cape in 4 days, 6 hours and 53 minutes, thus lowering her husband's record by 10 hours and 29 minutes. It was without doubt a magnificent achievement. The pilot's courage...

The Holiday Massacre During July and August an average of

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seventeen people were killed every day on the roads of England and Wales. Of the 1,017 accidents responsible for their deaths, less than 2 per cent, were unavoidable. And in...

Overworked Ministers When Lord Cecil, in his Sidney Ball lecture

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at Oxford last week on "The Machinery of Government," was lamenting that modern Ministers are overworked till they lose the power of decision, some of his historically minded...

Home Rule for Scotland ?

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The question of Scottish Home Rule was discussed in the House of Commons on Thursday. On a later page of this issue the Duke of Montrose writes on " A Parliament for Scotland ?"...

The debate in the Lords produced one very good per-

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formance from Lord Dufferin, who was far from content, with platitudes, and who impressed his audience with a desire that the younger peers would seriously take mc greater part...

Parliament : The New Session Our Parliamentary Correspondent writes :

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The opening. of Parliament on Tuesday began what the Prime Minister promised would be a " very strenuous session," though both the King's Speech and Mr. MacDonald's comments...

Page 4

Economy Pitfalls

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TT is still necessary," according to the King's Speech I read at the opening of Parliament on Tuesday, " to exercise careful supervision over public expenditure, both national...

Page 5

The Gambling Curse

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T HE publicity given in the last week or two to the activities of the "tote clubs" springing up in every city in this country draws necessary and opportune attention to a...

Page 6

With religious rapprochement, if not religious union, so much in

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the air it would be a profound pity if next year's Oxford Movement centenary celebrations became a matter of controversy and division in the Church of England. There are already...

The Daily Eapress has done valuable service in the past

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week in exposing recent flagrant perversions of fact regarding this country in the American Press. It was the New York Daily Mirror, one of the worst types of the so-called...

I am not surprised that Lord Grey, as a former

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Foreign Secretary, should question the wisdom of publishing Sir Eyre Crowe's memorandum on M. Caillaux, which was discussed. at some length in the Spectator last week, and I...

Everyone has been glad to read the verdict Sir Thomas

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Horder was able to give on Tuesday on the Prime Minister's health. I wrote , a few weeks ago—with full warrant—of the anxiety Mr. MacDonald's health was causing his friends, and...

Mr. J. L. Garvin's Life of Chamberlain, amply heralded, is

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to appear on Tuesday, the third of a notable trio of starters to reach the post. Some ten years ago three distinguished journalists embarked more or less simul- taneously on...

A Spectator's Notebook

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W E all of us display a strange interest in other people's earnings, and the earnings of literary men seem for some reason to arouse more curiosity than most. A couple of cases...

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A Parliament for Scotland ?

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By TIIE DUKE OF MONTROSE. T HE question of Home Rule for Scotland—or Self- government, as many people prefer to call it—has been exercising attention for some time ; but it is...

Page 8

Fascism in Japan By A. R. LINDT. Tokyo. • M Y

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interpreter's car has left the uniform, American- seeming streets of modern Tokyo. Here there are only small wooden houses surrounded by little gardens. In this still truly...

Page 9

The Spirit of Fear

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BY Dlt. W. B. SELBIE. A NTHROPOLOGISTS are agreed as to the large . part played by fear in primitive religion. While it may not be altogether true that fear made the Gods,...

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Reflections on Bacon

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BY JOHN BERESFORD. TT is not the purpose of this essay to add anything to the windy Baconian-Shakespeare controversy, or to defend or to attack the character of the great Lord...

Page 11

The Theatre

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"The Cathedral." A Play by Hugh Walpole. At the Embassy Theatre, Hampstead. IT is an axiom of the bulk of contemporary criticism that no good play ever has been, or ever will...

Art

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An Original English Painter TILE exhibition of recent work by Mr. Edward Wolfe organized by the London Artists' Association at the Cooling Galleries settles once and for all...

Page 12

Correspondence

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A Letter from Paris [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] S1R,— We in France who during a dark decade have looked in vain for some practical expression of the better mind of France...

Page 13

Country Life

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A CRUEL TRADE. Quail used to be common birds in England, and especially In Wales. I have often made enquiry why they have virtually vanished ; and at last a full—and...

It may be logically argued that it is pointless to

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seek beef and milk from the same animal. Nevertheless on many English farms and many more foreign farms the dual purpose cow is the best. Some are wanted for beef, Sonic for...

Quail have always been trapped. They are a natural source

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of food ; and for people who have not climbed the foothills of "the Holy Mountain" the traffic is as legitimate as in other forms of carnivorous marketing. The capture of quails...

Opinions differ on the value of " the gentleman farmer'

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to the community. It -was humorously said of a famous poli- tician turned husbandman that he vowed to " make Isis farm pay whatever it cost him ! " Men who farm for the pleasure...

A MYSTERY OF MIGRATION.

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The history of the quail has recently been given some Publicity in the North African Press. Mr. R. E. Moreau con- tributed, in October, two learned and charming articles to the...

What happens each autumn is this. The birds cross the

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Mediterranean from their northern nesting homes in masses. If the weather is adverse thousands may be drowned in the course of nature. They always cross by night and always...

THE KING'S FARMS.

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The King's farms— Sandringham perhaps more than Windsor—are taking on a new importance, due partly to the deep and sudden depression in the business of raising live stock,...

A NEW FLOWER

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Though it is not yet in commerce, those who have seen it in flower this season speak with the highest enthusiasm of the Chinese autumn flowering Gentian that was brought back on...

Page 14

THE PATH TO REUNION

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—Dr. Carnegie Simpson's article on "Reunion," in which he appeals that a serious and considered attempt be made to respond to the Lambeth...

Letters to the Editor

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[Correspondents are requested to keep their letters as brief as is reasonably possible. The most suitable length is that of one of our "News of the Week" paragraphs.—Ed....

A.GADIR : M. CAILLAUX AND SIR EYRE CROWE

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—In the very interesting article on this subject in your issue of last week you have, I think, done a little less than justice to Sir Eyre...

Page 15

LABOUR AND FINANCE IN KENYA [To the Editor of the

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SPECTATOR.] Sin,—Your readers must have opened their eyes at Mr. Werburg's recital, in your issue of November 4th, of the good fortune of the African worker who is employed by...

"GREY WOLF" [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—As one

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who has travelled in Turkey and has had the privilege of friendly association with distinguished Turks who have occupied high and honourable positions in the State both before...

Page 16

BOOTS FOR SOUTH WALES

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.' ' Sin,—While realizing that there is poverty in other parts of the country, will you kindly allow me to point out the extra- ordinary...

SOUTH AFRICA TO COLONISE

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sin,—An effort . is being made by a group in London to awaken interest in the neglected possibilities of South Africa, as a place in which to...

POINTS FROM LETTERS

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THE MEMORIAL TO LORD PLUMER, The Archbishop of Canterbury and others are appealing for 15,000 to raise a memorial to Field Marshal Lord Plurner, which should consist of (1) The...

Page 17

And while on this subject of Music Talks I would

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like to draw your attention to . ct short series which begins on Thursday evening next : Mr. J. 0. M. Rorke's "Story of a Musical Conversion." Mr. Rorke is the author of A...

There is so much disagreement over Elgar's music, even in

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Ids own country, that, apart from the fitness of the gesture, this festival should be useful in helping listeners to sort out their own ideas on the subject. The danger is lest...

The "To an Unnamed Listener" series, which began so promisingly

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and then sagged a little, should receive fresh impetus when Mr. Evelyn Waugh unburdens himself next Monday "To an Old Man." If this pungent satirist it not unduly curbed, there...

The " Spectator " Crossword No. 9

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Br XANTII I PPE . ACROSS. 1. Pet no heel (snag.). 9. Cardboard Dickens hero. 10. For a victim try ram. 11. To be shot in certain financial difficulties. 12. 'Tvvixt hip and...

The Council of the Infernal Peers, which is to be

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broadcast on Thursday, should make very good hearing. The play, Which is compiled from Milton's Paradise Lost, culminates in the council of war which followed Satan's defiance...

ITEMS TO WATCH FOIL Sunday : Eleanor Kaufman-Song Recital (Daventry

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National, 5.30) Poetry Reading (Daventry National, 6.0) ; Pau Casals-Orelestral Concert (London Regional, 9.5). A londaY Viscount Cecil-" Slavery and the League of Nations"...

A Radio Review

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Tut: B.B.C. has organized an Elgar Celebration. Three succes- sive symphony Concerts (beginning on Wednesday next) are t o be devoted entirely to his music, Sir Edward himself...

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The Modern Home

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Miscellanea PLASTIC RUBBER FLOORING. AT the beginning of the year I wrote on this page, concerning rubber flooring : It would be still further improved by the introduction of...

ARE ALUMINIUM PANS SAFE?

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There has been some question in recent years of the wholesomeness or otherwise of food cooked in aluminium pans. Undoubtedly a certain proportion of the metal is absorbed by the...

THE KITCHEN CUPBOARD.

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There is no doubt that the arrangement of the average kitchen cupboard leaves something to be desired. As a rule the shaves are too deep. It is usually impossible to extract the...

A NEW WALL COVERING.

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I have already called attention to wall-tiles made of plastic 'composition ; and, in doing so, I pointed out the absurdity of moulding them as tiles instead of in large sheets,...

Page 19

Planned Money

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A BOOK on the monetary problems of the present day by Sir Basil Blackett is something of an event. No one is better qualified to advise the world on that tangled subject. And,...

Page 20

Arnold Bennett in His Journals

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The Journals of Arnold Bennett. 1911-1921. Edited by THERE are many totally different types of diaries, each of which will make good reading. The author may be a genius in...

Shakespeare's Rival

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Bernard Shaw, Playboy and Prophet. By Archibald Henderson. (Appleton. 30s.) You remember that in the epilogue to Fanny's First Ploy we are given a long discussion upon the...

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Distress in Europe

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Slump : A Study of Stricken Europe To-day. By H. If. Taman. (Jarrolds. 12s. (3d.) Tin.: relevant facts on which our public policy should be based are not really agreed upon....

Battle Pieces

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AN unpretentious volume from a country publisher, Captain Bugdale's personal account of two famous battles of 1917 must henceforth be included in that very small collection of...

Page 22

Moscow Memories

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Jr is a platitude that there are many kinds of Memoirs. The accidents of chance, the diversity of human nature and the varieties of literary accomplisinnent combine to render...

Pas Seul

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So far as the English reader is concerned, South America has been fortunate in her interpreters. They have been writers whose talents, though many and great, did not happen to...

Page 23

Th' Ungentle Sport

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WITH the exception of a lamentably inaccurate monograph published in 1928, there has not hitherto been any modern book on the bullfight in English. Though not strictly in that...

Mr. Drinkwater's Autobiography

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"A MORE commonplace existence than mine between the ages of sixteen and twenty-six could not be devised," says Mr. Drinkwater of the period of his life covered by this book. "My...

Page 24

DiRECT subscribers who are changing their addresses are asked to

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notify the SPECTATOR office BEFORE MIDDAY on MONDAY OF EACII WE,Elf. The previous address to which the paper has teen sent and receipt reference number shoyld be quoted.

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Tales of Mystery

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Her Private Murder. By James Corbett. (Herbert Jenkilo, Murder by Formula. By .T. H. Wallis. (Jarrold. 7s. 6d.) ObeLists at Sea. By J. Daly King. (Heritage. 78. 6d.) EACH of...

Hellenic Studies

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A History of the Greek World from 323 to 146 B.C. By M. Cary. (Methuen. 158.) Greek Cities. By Peter Hutton. (Dent. 10s. ad.) IT is a noteworthy sign of the times that...

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Fiction

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BY L. A. G. STRONG , The Valley of the Wild Swans. By J. H. Pollock. (Talbot Press, Dublin. 5s.) Strawberry Roan. By A. G. Street. (Faber and Faber. 7s. 6d.) ; I was talking...

Good Afternoon, Children

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Good Afternoon, Children. Edited by Columbus. (Hodder and Stoughton. 5s.) TursE stories from the Children's Hour are a sheer delight. It would take a hardened educationist to...

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GLEN$HIELS. By Lennox Kerr. (Bodley Head. 7s. 6d.)—

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The Mackinleys, a Scottish working-class family, are caught in the toils of industrial "progress," but remain individuals none the less. A vivid and human story, well planned...

IDLER'S GATE. By John Winch. (Collins. 7s. (Id.) Intrigue in

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a small German State in the eighteenth century, described in a manner . half Ruritanian and half allegorical. The Regent, the Prince, and the idlers at the gate take part in an...

DARK MORALITY. By Mary Howard. (Bodley Head. 7s. 6d.) An

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admirable study of a woman who was determined to get what she_ wanted. Jane's. relations with Max and Christian and the rest, and the morality she works out to suit her needs,...

A- PEW PEOPLE. By- M L. -Haskins. (Lovat Dickson. 7s.

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6d.)—A sympathetic story of a blind ex-officer on an English farni, which -would have - even better without an improbable small boy, too pich dialect, and too much hazy sentiment.

ROUNDABOUT WAY. By Louis Malone. (Putnam. 7s. 6d.)

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The way of the modern generation when it comes down from Oxford, with very few jobs, but plenty to do. Roundabout Way is brisk, up-to-the-Minute stuff, with numbers of...

CONVERSATION PIECE. By M. J. Farrell. (Collins. 7s. 6d.) —One

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of those lively Irish tales in which all the characters are "characters," keen riders to hounds, and possessed of strong if limited vocabularies. Miss Farrell's new book is an...

Full. TIDE. By Mary Isabel Leslie. (Heritage. 7s. Mary Holdsworth

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ran a boarding house to pay for her son s education, and he hated her for it, and "let her down." A pleasant, readable tale with a happy ending.

- THE POOR STRANGERS. By Edward Albert. (Ivor Nichol- son

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and Watson. 7s. 6d.)—These stories of Scotland are uneven and - often sentimental, but at his best Mr. Albert can manage an. exciting climax and write with colour and...

THE :FOUNDER OF SHANDON. By Adelaide Phillpotts, (Berm. 7s. 6d.)—The

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story of the philosopher David Linnaker, of the community which he founded, of hisafruggle wit WillianiT h Tallifer; and of - his love for Eleanor. A thoughtful and sympathetic...

THE ROVING E. ' By •Humphrey Pakington. (Chatto and .

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Windus. 7s. .6d..). A humorous novel that . is really funny. James of the roving eye lands himself with the wrong firineee; and. while •his affairs are being - tangled and...

IcIANg . THE GRA:VE - DIGGER. By Pierre Descaves and Etienne , Gril.

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(Douglas. 6s.) A grim tragedy, set in a Bavarian • , prison, involving the governor, a prisoner, the mistress of Prince Friedrich, -and Hans, the prison grave-digger. This short...

• IN TnE Swim. By -Nina Cohen. (Murray. 7s. 6d.)—The

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doings of two debutantes, and their effect upon their respective mothers, one of wham is protective and the other jealous. An acute and agreeable story of London life.

ONE STAIR UP. By Campbell Nairne. .(PorPoise Press. 7s. 64.)..,An

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excellently ,constructed tale. ot_aix Edinburgh family in which were a professional footballer, a waitress, a bookseller's - a.ssiatant, and Rosa Mr Nairrie - is to be...

Further Fiction

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THE LrrrLE GOLDEN CALF. By Ilya Ilf and Eugene Petrov, (Grayson.--7s....13c1-) -=_A talented rogue ealler-LOstap Bende r seheiries to . get hold of a fortune, only to lard _that...

• THREE MEET. By Anthony Bertram. (Chapman and Hall. 7s.

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6d.)Christopher Quin idolized a dead woman, only to learn from her husband how much he was at fault. Mr. Bertram's sound and thoughtful novel emphasizes once again the folly of...

Farm. By Alan Kennington. (Lovat Dickson. 7s. 6d.) —Fritzi was

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a German music-hall star, and Arroll Harding, just down from Oxford, became her dancing partner and her lover. This is an unusual and pleasing story, and the stage scenes are...

FEVER HEAT. By- J. M. Frank. (Macmillan. 7s. 6c1.)

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Rainer, Studiendirektor of the _school in a smalLtown east of Berlin, emit up against all the conflicting forces of modern Germany. The political and mental struggles of his...

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LAUNCH!

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By Major-General J. E. B. Seely Whether we ever get to sea or not, we all depend upon the - bsffie of the seas, and therefore we all owe something to the lifeboat service, and...

WAR AND WESTERN CIVILIZATION By Major-General J. F. C. Fuller

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General Fuller's War and Western Civilization : 183 4 -1932 (Duckworth, 10s.) is mainly a survey of the wars of the past century and of the slow evolution of new military ideas....

FRANCIS BACON By Mary Shirt

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Macaulay in his Essays and Lytton Strachey in his Elizabeth and Essex have both painted rather disagreeable portraits of Francis Bacon. The one made good copy out of thr...

Current Literature

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AUSTRALIA, HUMAN AND ECONOMIC By Arthur Jose • Anyone wishing to understand a modem country and its people, even in a most general way, must be prepared to digest a formidable...

WHAT DOES THE LEAGUE COST?

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This small but highly instructive pamphlet, What Does the League Cost ? (League of Nations Union, 3d.) has been published to combat misrepresentation. There are few subjects...

THE PRACTICE OF BIRTH CONTROL By Enid Charles

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This is primarily a detailed statistical analysis of the acceptability and reliability of various contraceptive methods, based upon two considerable questionnaires and the...

MATERIALISM By Professor J. S. Haldane After the spate of

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somewhat crude metaphysics which has recently become the hobby of eminent physicists, it is refreshing to have so eminent a physiologist as Professor J. S. Haldane reasserting...

THE EXTRA PHARMACOPOEIA OF MARTINDALE

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It is sufficient to draw the attention of readers interested in the progress of pharmacy and therapeutics to the appear- ance of a new edition (The Extra Pharmacopoeia of...

Page 34

The Anatomy of Modern Science (Bell, 21s.) is a massive

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Volume of close on 700 pages. In the author's words, it is an attempt to express "in simple form to a wide public the great results of scientific research,' and" to evaluate...

ALTERNATIVE COURSES.

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Now, so far as can be judged at present, there are several courses which the United States may adopt at the present time. The Hoover administration, as the mouthpiece of...

AFRICA NOTWITHSTANDING By Kenneth Bradley

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The four stories of which this volume consists have all appeared in one periodical or another, but they are certainly worth collecting under a single cover. They have been...

AFRICAN ANGELUS By C. C. Martindale, S.J.

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Father Martindale gives us good measure. The episodes and impressions of his journey through South Africa fill over four hundred closely packed pages, and his publishers (Sheed...

DOLLAR OBLIGATIONS.

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And first, as regards the Debts themselves. Altogether, the debt of Great Britain and her Allies to the United States is about 11,500 million dollars, of which about 4,600...

TriE BRITISH Nom.

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The British Note to Washington suggested that their should be a reconsideration of the whole problem of the debts, doubtless with a view to reduction, and that in the meantime...

Finance—Public & Private

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War Debts and the Investor MUCH might be said and written and much has been both said and written concerning the problem of War Debts which at the moment of writing this...

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A LONG VIEW.

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So much for a bare 'summary of - possible effects which may follow the decisions shortly to be_ announced i n America concerning War Debts. I should not like to close this...

RESULT OF REJECTION.

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I will deal first with the effect which would probably be produced by this last, and, as I think, highly improbable, development. The result of such a complete rejection of the...

" RurrEx."

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Exchange restrictions in many countries are proving so detrimental to international trade that any proposal designed to relieve the situation merits consideration, and...

EFFECT OF UNCERTAINTY.

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If, on the other hand, the decision should be in the direction of an insistence on the December 15th payment with a promise to reconsider the question of future payments later...

* * BANRLNG AUSTRALLA.

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Once again I am able to congratulate the Directors of the English, Scottish and Australian Bank upon the report and balance-sheet issued after another year of crisis in...

Financial Notes

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FALL IN GOVERNMENT STOCKS. APART from some revival of speculative activity in West African Mining shares, this has been a week of depression on the Stock Markets, with a...

A PICTURE IN CONTRASTS.

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To consider now what may be described as the most violent contrast with this unfavourable and really unthink- able decision on the part of the United States, let us see what...