25 AUGUST 1917

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The Austrians began on Monday night a series of attacks

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on the Trentino front, by way of diversion, but the Italians were not caught napping and these efforts failed. General Cadorna can concentrate his attention on the Eastern...

The French Army has surpassed itself. Not content with taking

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a most active part in the Flanders ban t le, while harassing the enemy on the Chemin des Dames and in the ( hampagne hills, our wonderful Allies began on Monday a tremendous new...

On the Eastern Front the Rumanians have had another week

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of very Revere fighting, as the result of which their southern front has been drawn back a little way south of Ocna, in the Carpathian foothills. Their southern centre, at...

The grand Italian offensive began last Sunday morning. Our Allies

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attacked on the whole line from Monte Nero, on the Upper Isonzo, to the sea—over thirty miles as the crow flies. They soon captured all the enemy's advanced positions, which...

NEWS OF THE WEEK.

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T HIS has been for the Allies the greatest week of the war. j. The combined offensive on a grand scale that we all hoped for has begun in the West, though not, unhappily, in the...

The battle-lino does not stop at the Adriatic coast. There,

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in the shoal water near Trieste, the Italian Army has called to its aid the Italian and British Navies. Monitors from both Fleets are outflanking the Austrian positions and...

Sir Douglas Haig, with the French on his loft, resumed

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the Third Battle of Ypres on Thursday week. While the French cleared the marshes on their left flank as far as the confluence of the Steen- beek and the Yser, the British pushed...

On Tuesday the Canadians resumed the Second Battle of Loos.

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For days past they had withstood terrific counter-attacks without flinching. They moved forward on Tuesday morning just as the Prussian Guards were beginning a fresh effort,...

Last Sunday, east of Langemarck, our troops again advanced on

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a front of a mile, clearing out a number of fortified farms. On Wednesday a larger operation from Lengernarek to the Menin road, on a front of three and a half miles, enabled us...

The Germans have so often told the world that our

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brave Allies were exhausted that many people have doubtless come to believe it. France has indeed suffered more than any other of the Allies, and her ill-luck in her great...

THE PAPER SHORTAGE.—We trust that readers of the "Spectator" will

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give definite orders to their newsagents for a copy of the " Spectator " to be reserved for them each week till countermanded.

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The British and French Governments have arranged to carry a

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Spanish officer in every hospital ship, to dispose finally of the enemy's pretence that the ships are being used as transports, and may therefore be torpedoed without warning....

This week we have had two enemy air raids. On

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Tuesday night acme Zeppelins, after an interval of two months, appeared off the Yorkshire coast. One, or perhaps two, came inland, bombed some coast villages, and injured one...

As to our shipping losses, mainly from submarines, Mr. Lloyd

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George said that since February the net losses, after eledueting newly built ships, had been under 250,000 tons a month, or lees than half as great as the enemy asserted them to...

The losses of merchant vessels from German submarines show little

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change in the weekly return issued by the Admiralty. Accord- ing to the corrected figures, fourteen vessels of over 1,600 tons were sunk laet week (the same number as in the...

With regard to the military situation, the Premier admitted that

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the "great converging move" platmed by - the Allies for 19I1' hadheenepoilt bytheRussian collapse. Thenipperswere beginning to grip the enemy during the short-lived Russian...

Mr. Asquith, following the Premier in a brief but memorable

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speech, reminded the Govemtuentend the country that everything} turned upon labour. Labour upon the land, labour upon shipbuild- ing, was, to his Wind, the key of the whole...

The fighting on the other aide, which now ensues as

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a regular result of the air raids on England, is a most interesting development. More German machines aro driven down there than on this aide, and the reason is very simple. The...

The ex-Tear Nicholas, with his wife and children, has been

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sent to Siberia. He is at present at Tobolsk. The Provisional Govern- ment's reasons for deporting him from Tsarskoe Selo to the remote interior are not clearly stated, but may...

The vigilance of our Navy in the Bight of Heligolan

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I has been alleeted by two incident,. On Thursday week our light naval tomes. scouting there sighted an enemy destroyer, with mine- sweepers presumably engaged in removing our...

The Premier on Thareday - week gave the House of Commons

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some interesting figures with regard to our food supplies and our shipping losses. We had very considerably improved" our position in respect of food. The stocks of wheat were...

Sir Joseph Maclay, the Shipping Controller, had, Mr. Lloyd George

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continued, by a fuller use of the available ships and by speedier methods of loading and unloading them, been able to carry in British ships in Juno and July 150,000 tons of...

Mr. Hodge has succeeded Mr. Barnes as Minister of Pensions.

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Tim Ministry of Laborer, thus vacated, has been assigned to Mr. C. H. Roberts, the Labour Member for Norwich, and Mr. Roberts's piece as Parliamentary Secretary to the Hoard of...

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The Under-Secretary for War on Friday week made the grati-

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fying announcement that the men of the old Army who went abroad in 1914 would be allowed to wear a distinctive chevron. The gallant survivors of Mons and Le Cateau, the Marne...

Mn Balfour on Friday week took occasion to reply at

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some length to the complaints directed against " secret . diplomacy." He urged that reticence was as necessary in dealing with the domestic life of nations as it was in the...

Under the title " Wayside Sculpture in France" the Manchester

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Guardian last Saturday published the photograph of a most remark- able bas-relief. It is a monument to the 363rd Regiment, stanfs by the woodaide " in the Moselle Country," and...

Mr. Montagu on Monday, in reply to a question, defined

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the Government's Indian policy as " the increasing association of Indians in every branch of the administration, and the gradual development of self-governing institutions, with...

The National Sailors' and Firemen's Union has, we think, done

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a public service in bolding an International Conference of Seafarers to consider the crimes of the enemy submarine commanders. The Germans at sea have shown a persistent...

Last Saturday the Associated Society of Locomotive Engineers and Firemen,

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which of course represents only a small proportion, though it is the most important section, of railway workers, threatened to strike at twenty-four hours' notice. The threat...

The German Chancellor on Tuesday made a non-committal speech to

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the Reichstag Committee on the Pope's Peace Note. He said that before replying he would have to consult his Allies. He denied that the Pope's proposals had been prompted by the...

On Tuesday the Labour Party Conference reaffirmed its desire to

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send delegates to the International Socialist Conference at Stockholm, but by a very small majority. At the former meeting, when Mr. Henderson explained his reasons for...

We hope that the school teachers when they resume work

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after the holidays will encourage the children to collect horse-chestnuts- not for the mysterious game of " conquerors," but to help in w in- ning the war. It seems that...

The Corn Production Bill was dealt with by the House

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of Com- mons on Monday, when the amendments introduced by the Lords were considered. Those amendments were three in number. The first substituted District Boards for the Central...

Bank rate, 5 per cent., changed from 5} per cent.

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April 5th.

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TOPICS OF THE DAY.

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NAVY AND ARMY. " War once *awed i n n? he waged offen,ireIy. oggretv;vely. The enemy .71{$1 bat he fended ell. Ind mitten dOZ33.-513HAN, quoted by Admiral Jellicoe, April 190,...

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MR. GERARD'S DISSECTION OF THE GERMAN MIND.

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W E cannot remember any diplomatic disclosures published during a war which can exactly be compared with those of Mr. Gerard, the late American Ambassador to Germany. The Daily...

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THE SOUNDNESS OF LABOUR.

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r lIE result of the voting at the Labour Conference on Tuesday, in our opinion, virtually settles the question of the Stockholm Conference. It seems to us inconceivable that, in...

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THE ETHICS OF PUNISHMENT.

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I N discussing peace terms few writers have explicitly 1. dealt with the primary question of punishment. Yet -unless we deal with that question all talk about our moral p urpose...

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THE PRIVILEGE OF EDUCATION.

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J T is always rather difficult to appreciate the privileged at their true value. Even when they are obviously better than our- selves it is open to us to feel that, given their...

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A VOLUME has lately conic into our hands, published in New

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York end London by Messrs. Putnam. It is called Recollections of a Happy Life, by Elizabeth Christopher.; Hobson. edited by Miss Louisa M.Schuyler (6s. nell—a fitting tribute...

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LETTERS TO THE EDITOR.

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[Letters of the length of one of our leading paragraphs arc * en more read, and therefore more effective, than those which Pltreble the space.] THE COLONIAL VIEW OF TILE...

THE TRUE SPIRIT OF EMPIRE. [To Tun EDITOR or Tan

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"Sescrarm.".1 Sin,—A friend sent me recently the following quotation from Claudian " Haec est in gremium rictus qune solo recepit, Humanuinspe genus communi nomino fovit,...

THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION AND THE NEAR EAST. [To THE EDITOR

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Or Tar "SPECTATOR."1 SIR,—There is one aspect of the Russian delaicle which, so far as I hare seen, has escaped notice in the public Press. Will you allow me, as a student of...

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DEMOCRACY ON ITS TRIAL.

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[To THE Dome or ens "Sezeraut.".1 S's,—Can democracy diseipliue itself? if not, autocracy will be triumphant. The nation through its Government most run the war, and no one...

AMERICA'S DETERMINATION.

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[To THE EDITOR or THE "SPECIATOR."1 Stockholm and Rome, incited by the 'reut ,:u it Powers, are striving to lure us into au ignominious peace, a sped of fresh air from the West...

DECENTRALIZATION IN INDIA.

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[To THE EDITOR or THE ..SPECTA1011."1 Sts.—May I point out one omission, obvious to any one who has taken even a minor part in Indian administration. in your admi- rable...

DOES POSTERITY PAY?

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[To Tat Eritrea or me "Semerma."1 Sla. - - 3 n IIIIIHNiak8ble fallacy seems to me to underlie your ertiele of August 1101, "Does Posterity bey? fallacy perpetually cropping out...

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POTATO CAKES.

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(To run Emma or IRE " SPICTATOS."1 Sm,—In a footnote to "Farmer's" letter in your issue of August 18th you say, " ' Potato cakes' can be eaten as bread." Where can ono get a...

JOHN WILKES.

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fro rue EDITOR or THE "SercrAT0L"I Sm,—Reading the review in the Spectator of khe Life of Wilkes„ ant reminded, n propos to the remark that . gaming was the one vice to which...

[To THE Eorroa or THE "Srecrtron."l Sur,—]f your large rendering

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of Churchmanship is a just one, you will, I think, agree with me that no very hopeful results can be anticipated from the (Hefts of the good " young men in a burry " to secure "...

[To TEE EDITOR OF THE SPECTATOR.")

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Sia,—Your article in the issue of August 11th on " Does Posterity Pay? " was certainly interesting, and at first rather convincing; but on reflection I felt sure that there must...

THE ITALIAN CAMPAIGN.

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(To me EDITOR or THE Suce■Ton."1 Sra,—With reference to an article published in your paper of August 11th, 1911, giving an excellent account of ltaly's gallant efforts on the...

BEEKEEPING AND BREWING.

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• [To THE Duren% or rne "Snr.ursroa."l Stag-Sugar is a raw material of the small as of the large industry. It is used, not as is vulgarly supposed, "to make into honey," hut as...

KEBLE COLLEGE WAR MEMORIAL. [To THE EDITOR or THE "

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SeecTATort."J Sre,—An effort is being made by Keble College to raise a Was. Memorial Endowment Fund, and an appeal for this purpose is being sent out to past and preaent...

LESS LIBERTY FOR THE CHURCH.

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[To sae Bonus cr rue "SrECTATOIL"l Sue,—It is difficult to read your article on this subject without sighing at the thought that there is no chance that your next week's jostle...

Communicated," the Editor must not necessarily be held to be

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in agreement with the views therein expressed or with the mode of ex- pression. In such instances, or in the case of "Letters to the Editor," insertion only means that the...

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POETRY.

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"ET IN ARCADIA EGO." " Soy, Scholar,•hast thou seen Oxford? " Thus sought the countrymen who throng the page Of him, the singer-craftsman,. who first took The Oxford of all...

BOOKS.

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THE NEXT WAR.: THESE three books, all very much from the name point of view, discuss a tremendous subject—no less Mum how what they call Militarism may be prevented from...

FROM A V.A.D. HOSPITAL."

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Mess MAwr-ADele MACDONALD'S three poems (" In the Ward," "Epiphany Vision," and "In Last Year's Camp") have been reprinted from the pages of the Spectator in pamphlet form under...

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D1AZ.•

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Tars ell-informed and ably written Life of the etrong man of Illeeico w deserve , . reading. 'len years ago, when Porfirio than had been President for a generation, there was a...

THE ROMANCE OF SUPPLY.* Taste high-Oil-ilea and entertaining letters make

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no pretence, as Captain Agate is careful to warn us, to being an Army Seeviee Corps 'rest-book. They are merely "an accotmt of the work as it presents itself to the beginner...

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SIR RABINDRAXATH TAGORE..

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"Tame is no event in my reminiscences," says Sir Rahandranath Tagoro in his introductory pages, " worthy of being preserved for all time. 13ut the quality of the subject is not...

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Illustralions of Medieval Romance in Tiles from C'herlsey Abbey. By

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R. S. Loomis. (University of Illinois. 75 cents.)—The Iseautt ut thirteenth-century tiles, of English workmanship, found in the ruins, of Chertaey Abbey sixty yeara ago, and now...

SOME BOOKS 01? THE WEEK.

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[Nutire in this esteem data not necessarily preclude wYsoptent resiete1 Ireland in the Realm and Ulster in Ireland. By Richarcbsea Erato. (Constable and Co. Is. net.)—This...

READABLE NOVE/A.—Nocturne. By Frank Swirmorton. (Martin Seeker. 5s.)—A book in

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which, the unities are strictly preserved as the action covers a period of under twelve hours. The events are not dramatic, and the book is chiefly an analysis of the state. of...

Guild Principles in War and Peace. By S. G. Hobaon.

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(0. Bell . and Sons. 2s, ed. net.)—Mr. Hohson'ts fur:nolo for the millennittin is the National. Guild. The workers in each industry are to control it, and earls one of them,...

Lloyd George : the Man and hue Story. By Frank

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Minot. (T. Fisher Unwin. Is. 6,1. net.)—Mr. Dilnot's lively and amusing eketelt of the Premier is worth reading. He writes as a candid friend, and devotes a whole chapter to Mr....

FICTION.

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ALSACE BEFORE THE WAR.* VALLOTTON'S sympathetic study of life in an Alsatian tillage befure the war is profoundly interesting. For many years peat the world has heard little...

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Economic Problems of Peace after War. By W. R. Scott.

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(Cam- bridge University Press. 4a. IA. net4—Professor Scott's Jevons Lectures at University College, London, printed in this volume, have a pleasant literary flavour. Seldom do...

Professor Knatschke. Collected and Illustrated by Hanoi. Translated by R.

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L. Crewe. (Hodder and Stoughton. Is. Gal. net.) —The subtle wit of the Alsatian Rama," in his satirical writings mod drawings, was admitted by the German Government itself, long...

The liaustrial Outlook. Edited by H. Sanderson Funoiss. (Ghetto and

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Winelus. 3s. Od. net.)—These very able and well- informed essays, edited by the Principal of Ruskin College, deserve Attention. In the first four, " Employers and Property," by...

Name This Flower. By Gaston Bonnier. Translated by Pro- fessor

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G. S. Boulger. (J. M. Dent and So.. 6s. net.)—This book is precisely what many people, who love flowers but have not studied botany, loave long wanted. It is " a simple way of...