25 AUGUST 1866

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The debt of the United States amounted on 1st August,

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1866, to 554,083,0001., being twenty-five millions less than it was on the same date in the year before,—perhaps the most astounding fact in the whole history of finance. This...

The British Association opened its annual session at Notting- ham

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on Wednesday, the 22nd inst., Mr. W. R. Grove, Q.C., giving the inaugural address. It was a singularly striking one, his point being the " continuity " of nature, which he...

The Russian Government has published a most extraordinary account of

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the plot which culminated in the attempt to assassinate the Emperor Alexander. This plot—allowing for the exag- geration of the official style—was a Socialist one, and had for...

The Prussian Chamber has proved itself even more placable than

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we expected. All the addresses we analyzed last week have been withdrawn and another submitted, the text of which has not reached England, but which " avoids all reference to...

The cholera, we are rejoiced to observe, is rapidly decreasing.

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In the week ending August 18 the deaths have fallen from 781 to 455, and the decrease is still going on. The disease remains almost entirely within its original area, namely,...

NEWS OF THE WEEK.

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T HE Bing of Prussia has given way, and the Bill for the an- nexation of Hanover, Hesse-Cassel, Nassau, and Frankfort has been introduced into the Prussian Chamber. It provides...

THE PROVINCIAL HISTORY of ENGLAND.—A Series of Articles will be

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commenced in the SPECTATOR in September, containing the. history of each province in England so far as it is separate from that of the nation, its geography, its ethnology, and...

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There is a touch strangely characteristic of Anglo-India in the

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last letter from Calcutta published in the Times. There is a horrible famine raging in Orissa, and a great military scandal at Sank; and the scandal is described, as it would be...

The banquet at Southampton to Mr. Eyre came off on

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Tuesday, about one hundred gentlemen being present. The principal speakers were Lord Cardigan, Lord Hardwicke, the Rev. C. Kingsley, Lord Shrewsbury, and Mr. Eyre himself. Lord...

The French press is still furious at Prussian aggrandizement, and

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the fury is supposed not to be displeasing to the Government. The Bill for the annexations has been made the occasion of long tirades about the shameless use of force by...

" Had I been consulted in the making of the

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world," said a Frenchman with an irreverent turn of mind, "I should have made it a good deal bigger," and sailors seem to be adopting the Frenchman's opinion. We are perpetually...

The Great Eastern Railway has gone the way of the

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London, Chatham, and Dover, and openly announced that it is a losing concern. After deducting from the revenue of the past year working expenses at the ruinous rate of 56 per...

The statements of Mr. Merrifield as to the distress existing

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in Cornwall are considered in that county somewhat exaggerated. There is deep depression, and wages have fallen in places 20 per cent., but as yet there is no need for national...

A clever writer in the Builder wants experiments to be

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tried in the manufacture, or rather the production of, diamonds. He has a notion that diamonds might be made by the " subjection of carbon along with sulphide of carbon to...

We see from the lists that one Alexander J. Stewart,

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dry-goods person, we believe, returns an income of 814,2001. a year, the greatest in America. If Mr. Stewart is not the mere representative of a company, it is also, in all...

What do the London Reformers expect to get by worrying

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the Queen? It is becoming a regular practice with them to ask permission to send deputations to Her Majesty, and be mightily offended if it is not at once accorded. Suppose they...

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The Empress Charlotte of Mexico has started for Miramar, having,

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it is understood, failed in her mission to Paris. The Emperor cannot grant the troops, and will not grant the money. it is expected that Maximilian will immediately resign the...

A very important fact in relation to the reconstruction of

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the United States seems to have escaped notice on this side. It is :simply this, that by an Act passed in 1850 the number of representatives in Congress was limited to 233. New...

There has been a very active demand for American securities

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during the week, and prices have experienced a considerable im- provement. The importation from New York has been large, and large purchases have been made on Ditch and German...

The Moniteur of the 21st inst. contained a very remarkable

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paragraph. After noticing the report that the Emperor had written to the King of the Belgians disclaiming ideas of annex- ation, the official journal continues :—" This...

A further reduction has been made in the Barak rates

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of dis- count, and the minimum quotation now rules at 7 percent. The supply of money seeking investment in the discount market has increased, and long-dated bills are in request...

The inquest on the body of Sir Gilbert East resulted

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in an abso- lutely open verdict, the jury refusing even to declare that he was drowned on the night on which he was last seen. They " believed that he was drowned." The...

Captain Hudson, an American, and his mate, F. Fitch, have

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safely completed one of the most extraordinary voyages upon record. They sailed from New York on the Ath of July in an iron boat of 21 tons, 27 ft. long, and only 6 ft. in beam,...

The Crystal Palace had its last firework show of the

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year on Thursday, and it was the most effective yet held there. There can be no place in the world so well suited for displays of the kind, and it is clear that the Directors...

Console for account have been quoted as high as 883

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89 during the week. Yesterday the closing prices were 881 for money, and 88! 3 for account.

Great Eastern

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•• •• Great Northern .. •• Great Western.. •• Lancashire and Yorkshire •• • • London and Brighton .. •• ••• Friday, Aug. 17. Edda, Ang. 24. 25i .. 26 1221 .London and...

The closing prices of 'the leading Foreign Securities yesterday and

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on Friday week are subjoined :— Mexican .. Spanish Passive .. Do. Certificates Turkieli 6 per Cents., 1858.. 1862.. United States 5.20's • • • • • • • • Friday, Aug. 17....

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TOPICS OF THE DAY.

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IS RIGHT ALSO MIGHT IN AMERICA ? I S the governing class of Great Britain about to make another American blunder ? It looks like it, if we may judge from symptoms to be...

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THE ENIGMA.

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'PT O problem since 1848 has so puzzled Europe as the recent 11 policy of Napoleon. It appears at first sight at variance with his known character, with the understood...

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THE YARMOUTH ELECTION - COMMISSION.

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1 HE newspapers are busy making merry at the expense. of Sir E. Lacon for his ingenuous , confession that he was quite ignorant of the existence of corrupt practices on his own...

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BISMARK'S APOLOGY.

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WHERE is patience, then, as well as audacity in Count Big- ." mark. He is going to treat the conquered States of Germany as we treated Scotland, not as- we treated Ireland, and...

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THE VALLEY OF SWEET WATERS. T HE River which refreshes our

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great city, and attracts many hundreds to the villas and gardens on its banks, on which our youths disport themselves in Claspers and our middle age fishes from punts, in which...

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MR. CHARLES KINGSLEY'S NEW CREED. EYRE is so noble, brave,

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and chivalric a man, so un- 1. daunted a servant of the Crown, so illustrious as an explorer in Australia and a saviour of society in the West Indies, that Peers, actually...

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-DIVANS -ALGAL

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CANE of the very law political ideas whielt have become abao- lutely extinct in England, is that which was once tio seriously discuaseduhdertlielitlerof the 44 diviate-right of...

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THE BRITISH MUSEUM LIBRARY.

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T HE Library of the British Museum has durin g the last thirty years gained so commanding a position as not merely a worthy national collection, but as a universal library,...

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FRANCIS JOSEPH 1.

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IF there be a Sovereign in Europe whose career is envied by humbler men it surely cannot be the career of Francis Joseph I. Keeping his thirty-sixth birthday last Saturday, he...

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LONG VACATION RAMBLES.—BLANKENBERGHE. 'YESTERDAY (August 14th) we were warned by

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meagre fare at the table d'hote of our hotel that it was the vigil of some saint's day. Our gastronomic knowledge was enlarged by the opportunity of partaking of boiled mussels....

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PROFESSOR ROLLESTON ON CHOLERA. [To THE EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR. " ]

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SIR,—There is one sentence in your last week's exposition of Pettenkofer's views as to cholera, which I do not feel sure that the Professor himself would agree to. It is this,—"...

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A FEW WORDS ON THE ACT OF SETTLEMENT.

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[TO THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR."] SIE,—As a constant reader of the Spectator, may I bring before your readers the curiosities of a subject which no doubt will be in-...

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THE LOUSIANIAN " CONVENTION." [TO THE EDITOR OF THE "

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SPECTATOR."] Silt,—There is in your impression of August 18 a misrepresentation. of the facts of the Louisiana riots so extraordinary, that I venture to think it must have come...

TO A RIVER.

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DARK spirit, oh listen ! thou that fiercely fiowest, So fierce and so impatient to be gone : Is it fear, or some wild vengeance that thou owest, Or doth the fiend of madness...

BOOKS.

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LORD COMBERMERE.* SMALL thanks are due to the Viscountess Combermere and Captain Knollys for whatever satisfaction the reader may obtain from this book. In the first place it...

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ARISTOTLE'S ETRICS.*

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IT was the 'fashion of 'the last century to overlook - the influence of Christianity upon the progress of the world. It is the fashion of te-dwer to attribute all human progress...

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FELICIA'S DOWRY.*

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Tamaz is a certain class of books most valuable to people who object to using their brains, and 'who need some plausible excuse for dreaming away what should be the waking hours...

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CURIOSITIES OF LITERATURE.* THE publishers of cheap editions are at

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last beginning to use their power in elevating, in place of debasing the popular taste. For a long time after the repeal of the paper duties they published little except...

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CURRENT LITE RATURE.

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A Manual of Hunan Culture. By M. A. Garvey, LL.B., Barrister-at- Law. (Bell and Daldy.)—Mr. Garvey reminds us of the gentleman in flowing robes who, under the name of Agathns,...

Institutes of Jurisprudence. First Book. By W. A. Montriou, Ad-

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vocate of the High Court, Bengal. (Macmillan.)—This work is a resume, methodized and compressed, of oral lectures delivered to the law classes of the Presidency College, and may...

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Familiar Words : an Index Verbonw; or Quotation Handbook. By

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J. Hain Friswell. Second Edition, revised and enlarged. (Sampson Low, Son, and Marston.)—Mr. Friswell has benefited by the criticism that certainly did not spare the first...

7'. Hazel Plauti Aulularia. With Notes, critical and exegetical, and

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an introduction on Plantian prosody. By Wilhelm Wagner, Ph.D. (Bell and Daldy ; Deighton and Bell, Cambridge.)—This is a genuine specimen of Teuton work. We imagine that the...

in the Scotsman, that serves as an introduction to this

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volume, will give the best idea of the author and his writings. "Mr. James Smith is a journeyman printer, and set up and printed the first edition of his poems in his leisure...

Fasciculos. Ediderunt L. Gidley et Robinson Thornton. (Parker.) —Four gentlemen

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of the University of Oxford have combined their labours to produce this little volume of Latin verse. We are compelled to say that we think the result scarcely worthy. of the...

Christianity and Recent Speculations. Six Lectures. By Ministers of the

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Free Church. With a preface by R. S. Candlish, D.D. (Maclaren, Edinburgh.)—The dripping of modern thought is visibly telling upon the solid rock of Scotch prejudice. With the...