17 NOVEMBER 1877

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The Russians have not taken Erzeroum. Mukhtar Pasha warned his

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Government that he might be compelled to abandon the town, but was probably ordered in return to hold on, for he changed his mind and remained. The Russians, there- fore,...

The Lord Chief Baron, Sir Fitzroy Kelly, was, on Friday

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week, in a most pugnacious mood, inclined, as Americans say, " to hold up the banner of his country in the face of a backing-down universe." He had to receive the new Lord...

To him replied the Minister of the Interior, M. do

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Fourtou, mainly with a to quoque. M. Gambetta, he said, in 1871, had exercised arbitrary influence in favour of candidates he approved, and M. do Fourtou thought it, moreover,...

*** The Editors cannot undertake to return Manuscript in any

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case.

There has evidently been a fierce underground struggle in Constantinople,

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ending in a decision to make no peace. As we read the very obscure reports which reach the West, the Sultan and his chief adviser, Mahmoud Damad, had resolved to treat with...

The final result of the Departmental Elections in France is

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very favourable for the Republicans. It is stated that the Conserva- tives .have got a majority in 44 and the Republicans in 40 Councils- General, while in two Departments the...

The great French debate on M. Albert Gravy's motion for

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an investigation into the electoral abuses of the recent contest was begun by M. Albert Gravy on Monday. His resolution recited that " all laws had been violated " in order to...

NEWS OF THE WEEK.

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T HE news this week is not so favourable to Russia. In Europe, Osman Pasha still holds out in Plevna, and the Turks are organ- ising an army under Mehemet Ali at Sofia to help...

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Lord Northbrook made on Friday week a very decided speech

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at Winchester. He utterly contemned the idea that Russia could be dangerous to our dominion in India. It had fallen to his lot in 1852, when we were at war with Russia, to be...

The dinner at Guildhall on Friday week went off peaceably.

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The greater Ambassadors did not attend, and Lord Beaconsfield was not in the bombastic vein. We have commented on his speech elsewhere, but must add here that it is described in...

Mr. Gladstone has been elected Lord Rector of Glasgow Uni-

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versity by a majority of 544,-1,153 votes against 609 for Sir Stafford Northcote. Indeed, he had a large majority in every nation, as well as a large total majority, a majority...

The Colston Festival at Bristol on Tuesday was shorn of

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its usual honours. Mr. Forster, indeed, delivered to the Liberal audience at the " Anchor" an important speech, on which we have commented at length elsewhere ; but the poor...

Mr. Leathern addressed his constituents at Huddersfield yesterday week, in

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one of those conventional peace speeches which we know so well, and of which we are so thoroughly weary. He was almost as bitter against Mr. Gladstone's Resolutions and the...

The American House of Representatives has finally decided to reduce

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the Army to 20,000 men, having passed the vote, after a sharp debate, by 133 to 127. The Senate may resist, but as it has no power to vote the money, it must, if the House is...

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The full account of the very amusing pedigree and biography

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'discovered for Mr. Gladstone by the Turkish news-writers at 'Constantinople is even better than the brief summary lately telegraphed to London. After recounting his pig-keeping...

Lord Bateman proposes to the country, in Monday's Times, to

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recognise the policy of Free-trade as a failure, and to return 'to a policy of " limited Protection." If the worthy Peer would only tell us what his proposed limitations are to...

Mr. Gladstone returned to England on Wednesday, and was welcomed

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at Holyhead by the people of Anglesea, who demanded and obtained a speech. It was in the main a repetition of the old argument that Turkey would have yielded to the concerted...

The Duke of Argyll is rather hurt at Lord Hartington's

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reflec- tions last week on the Public Worship Act and the Scotch Church Patronage Act, both of which the 1) uke deems Liberal measures and is ready to identify himself with. Mr....

The telephone, the newest and in some ways the most

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striking of all applications of electricity, has already received one practical application of importance. It is a very difficult thing to keep the ventilation of a mine...

A brilliant letter addressed by Mr. Frederic Harrison to the

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Times of this day week, in which he justly treats the root- evil of French life as the perversion of justice in what are supposed to be the interests of party,—deserves to be...

Consols were on Friday 96f to 96i:

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Mr. Pongo has died suddenly in Berlin, without giving any

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previous signs of illness, so that we shall never know how far he might have been educated, and how civilised a gorilla, early re.. ceived into human society, might become.

The Northern papers are relating a story which shows either

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that the age of romance is not quite over, or that the Claimant's career has a certain attraction for adventurers. Lord Fitzgibbon, heir to the title and estates of the Earls of...

The University of Edinburgh has also shown its Liberalism by

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electing the Marquis of Hartington its next Lord Rector, by a majority over Mr. Cross of 248 (932 against 684), We imagine it will be the most difficult and unwelcome task which...

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TOPICS OF THE DAY.

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THE STRUGGLE IN FRANCE. T HE great debate in the Chamber of Deputies which has ended in passing M. Albert Grevy's proposal for in- quiry into the malpractices of the recent...

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LORD BEACONSFIELD AT GUILDHALL.

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L ORD BEACONSFIELD at Guildhall almost exactly fulfilled our prophecy. The icy glitter of his sneer barely relieved from absolute dullness a speech wanting in political...

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THE LATEST SCARE OF ALL.

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W E wonder if the relations between Germany and Great Britain are becoming a little "strained 1" It seems incredible, as the interests of the two countries do not clash at any...

MR. FORSTER AT BRISTOL.

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T HE Colston Anniversary at Bristol would this year have had little interest for the country, but for Mr. Forster's speech. The Tories at the Dolphin were fobbed off with Mr....

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A TORY MUTINEER.

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O NE of the most instructive of the political signs of the times is always to be found in the speeches of the mal- contents of the party in power, at least when such speeches...

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AUGUSTE COMTE'S ASPIRATION.

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S IR ERSKINE PERRY'S account in the Nineteenth Century for November of his interview with Auguste Comte in the year 1863 is not one to be easily forgotten. It brings out in full...

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THE HORRORS OF PLEVNA.

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1 T seems to be reserved for the Turks, in their death-flurry, to put a climax on the horrors of war. Ancient warfare was, to doubt, very barbarous, but the physical sufferings...

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THE HYDROPHOBIA-PHOBIA.

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T HE Medical Examiner of November 3, in a generally sensible article on Hydrophobia, recommends that all stray dogs should be taken by the police to the station and there...

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CORRESPONDENCE.

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THE SITUATION IN JAPAN. Tokio, August 27, 1877. PERHAPS the circumstance which of all others has struck as peculiar an English resident in Japan during the last few months has...

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THE FRENCH CRISIS.

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Paris, November 14. THE position here is very strained, and cannot, I think, maintain itself for any great length of time. I notice that those who are not French people take the...

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LETTERS TO THE EDITOR.

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THE PROPOSED NEW UNIVERSITY. (TO TRH EDITOR Ole THI1 srecrAToR."] Sin,—In troubling you with a few remarks in reference to Mr. Roby's letter on 1 . Owens College and the...

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" THE ACTION OF EXAMINATIONS."

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[TO THE EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR."] SIR,—Your issue for Saturday, November 3, contains a review of a book with the above title by "II. Latham M.A., Fellow and 'Tutor of Trinity...

THE AUTHORITY OF ST. PAUL

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[TO THE EDITOR OF TI3H " SPECTATOR"] the remarks which you have appended to my last letter you put some questions to me to which I shall be obliged. to you to allow me to make...

A CORRECTION.

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[To THH EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR."] tarn,—My bad writing has caused one or two misprints in the letter from me which appears in your paper of to-day. One mis- print is of...

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THE HUMAN ELEMENT IN LANDSCAPE.

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[TO THE EDITOR Or TELE SPECTATOR:1 Ssa,—The writer of an interesting article in your last number, on " The Human Element in Landscape Painting," quotes a passage of a letter...

[TO THE EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR.")

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have read with much pleasure your critic's able and interesting article on " The Human Element in Landscape Painting." Will you allow me space to explain why it is that, while...

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BOOKS.

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FIVE YEARS OF PENAL SERVITUDE.* Tins is no romance. The publishers assure us that it is a real record of five years' penal servitude, by one who has served his time, and we see...

CATS.

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[TO THE EDITOR OF THE " SPEOTATOR.1 Sin,—The world needs educating on the subject of cats. When it knows what wonderful and delightful creatures they are, it will appreciate...

THE INDEPENDENTS AND ETERNAL PUNISHMENTS.

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[TO THE EDITOR OF THE " SPEOTATOR.1 &n,—The majority of the members of the Congregational Union are too wise to be " very angry" either with Mr. White or with myself, because,...

POETRY.

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WAITING. WREN rose-leaves in long grasses fall To bide their shattered head, All tenderly the grasses tall Bow down to veil the dead. And there are hearts content to wait,...

MR. PATTISON AND HIS LITERARY DOCTRINE.

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[TO THE EDITOR OF TEE " SPECTATOR,"] Sip,—May I be allowed to point out the singular and amusing discrepancy between the doctrine preached by the Rector of Lincoln in his...

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TRANSCAUCASIA.*

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(FIRST NOTICE.] Mn. Bayou's ascent of Mount Ararat has been already com- memorated in our columns ; it is now our pleasant duty to com- ment on his book, the most remarkable...

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THE UPPER ENGADINE.* True charming Swiss valley, so healthful in

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its climate, so favoured as to scenery, so fortunate in the varied attractions which it has to offer, was, previously to the year 1858, almost unknown to the general public. At...

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LESSIN G.*

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Ir we set aside the great and honoured name of Luther, whose writings in their gnarled and massive strength recall the antique, consecrated oaks, to which Quintilian compares...

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MR. GLUTEN ON THE STOCK EXCHANGE.* Tim first merit of

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Mr. Giffen's book is that he strips the Stock Exchange of all the halo which moralists and rogues and novelists have contrived to spread around it, and describes it as what it...

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Great Campaigns. Edited from the Lectures and Writings of the

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late Major C. Adams, by Captain W. Cooper King. (Blackwood and Sons.) —Major Adams was professor of military history at the Royal Military and Staff Colleges, and this volume...

CURRENT LITERATURE.

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A Queen of Bohemia. By Joseph Hatton. 2 vole. (Chapman and Hall.)—Mr. Hatton's hero is Lord Rokeby, a young democratic pear_ liedoes not, we must say, make a favourable...

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Music and Musicians. By Robert Schumann. Translated by F. A.

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Ritter. (Reeves.)—It is not often that high musical genius is allied with literary talent, as was the case with the anther of this work. Previous to his literary venture, the...

Dita. By Lady Margaret Majondie. (Blackwood and Sons.)—It is not

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difficult to criticise the machinery of this tale. The stealing of Assanta's marriage-certificates is an incident which violates all pro- bability. One may find its match,...

POETRY.—The Christ - Child, and other Poems. By Edward Byron Nicholson, (Henry

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S. King.)—In a preface which is quite unneces- sarily self-depreciating, Mr. Nicholson tolls us that he has published these poems, partly, at least, because he wishes to remove...

Robert Raikes: Journalist and Philanthropist. By Alfred Gregory. (Hodder and

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Stoughton.)—Robert Raikos (1735-1811) was a printer and newspaper proprietor and editor in the city of Gloucester. He inherited from his father the ownership of the Gloucester...

Industrial Classes and Statistics. 2 vole. By G. P. Bevan,

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F.G.S. (Edward Stanford.)—The series of works entitled British Manufacturing Industrial Classes and Statistics. 2 vole. By G. P. Bevan, F.G.S. (Edward Stanford.)—The series of...

Heir to Two Fortunes. By the Author of "Life of

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the Moselle!' 3 vols. (Remington.)—There is no special plot in this novel. It is a kind of biography, introducing us to the hero in his boyhood, taking him to school, and...