12 APRIL 1919

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One is naturally reminded of the stories which used to

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be told of Disraeli before the signing of the Treaty of Berlin in 1878. Whenever a nasty snag impeded the progress of Disraeli in his difficult negotiations with Bismarck, he...

It may be, as a great many well-informed persons believe,

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that a comparatively small but extremely well-equipped force could bring about a collapse of Bolshevism in a short time. If that is not so, the Government ought to act very...

But though we expect nothing dramatic, and certainly nothing silly,

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to happen, the very slow progress, of affairs in Paris does give pause to all those who hope for a settlement with the League of Nations in the forefront. Here are the four...

What the policy of the Government is with regard to

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Russia we do not know, and it would not be frank to suggest that we see clearly what it ought to be, for we have not the necessary information. One thing at all events is plain....

It would be quite wrong to regard the retirement from

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Odessa as a great military success for the Bolsheviks. Apparently the retirement has been caused, not by any means as the result of fighting, but because of the difficulty of...

For look at the Condition of Europe. One State after

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another totters over into the embraces of Bolshevism. This process is not likely to cease while men are hungry and have not the wherewithal for reviving their industries. A...

NEWS OF THE WEEK.

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M ESSAGES from Paris during the week have contained a great deal of rumour and very little fact. None of the main points about which public anxiety concerns itself seems to have...

..• The Editor cannot accept responsibility for any articles or

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letters submitted to him, but when stamped and addressed envelopes are sent he will do his beat to return contributions in case of rejection.

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Tho inner meaning of Mn Lloyd George's reply seems to

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be that he is confident of carrying. his audience with him when once he is back in the House of Commous, as he has done over and over again,, by sheer dialeetieal brilliance....

The profound abhorrence with which the British people regard the

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Bolsheviks was reflected in the House of Commons on Wednesday, when members of all parties followed Mr. Edwards in denouncing the suggestion that we should recognize Lenin and...

Italian troops were landed laatweek at Adalia, on Mo.:southern coast

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of-Asia Minor, to repress disorders. The province, which the ancients called Pamphylia, was assigned as. a sphere of influence to Italy by the.Treaty.ef London of April, 1915....

Marshal Foch on Friday week met the enemy delegates at

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Spa and agreed to a compromise over the landing of Polish troops from Fr.anee at-Danzig. He maintained-in forinthe dame of the Armistice permitting the Allies to use Danzig for...

The official optimism about our military position in Northern Russia

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suddenly changed to gloom at the end of last week. The Russian anchFinniah. auxiliaries -under General Maynard in the Murmansk region were said to be mutinous. In the Arch -...

Nearly three hundred members of the House of Commons have

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sent a telegram. to the Prime Minister in Paris informing him that the greatest misgiving exists throughout the country at the persistent reports that the. British Delegates in...

Within about twenty-four hours a telephone message came' from Mr.

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Lloyd George saying :- " My colleagues and I mean to stand faithfully by all the pledges which- we gave to the constituencies. We are prepared , at any moment to submit to the...

A German Committee sat last week to inquire inter the

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murder of Captain Fryatt. It decided that the Court-Mattial which-eons damned Captain.Fryatt acted in accordance with "international law." It expressed regret, however, that the...

General Smuts was sent by the Allied Conference to Budapest

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Ihetweek to negotiate with the Hungatian Bolsheviks. He invited them to,recognize the Armistice and, the neutral' zone towards Transylvania to which Count Karalyi declined to...

On Saturday. last, Munich foliowed. the.examplenf Budapest by proclaiming a

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Bolshevik.rule. The Socialist Ministry under Herr Hoffmann removed to Nuremberg,. and announced- that, as representing the majority of the newly elected Parliament, it still...

General Allenby has restored order in Egypt by his prompt

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and. firm measures. It seems clear that there was a widespread conspiracy, inasmuch as the railways and telegraphs were attacked and damaged simultaneously in different parts of...

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Sir William Croekes, the veteran chemist and physicist, died on

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Friday week at the age of-eighty-six. 'He made his reputation as long ago as 1861 by discovering the rare metal thallium, and he followed this up by studies of electric...

Dr. Addison went on to say that he had been

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disappointed at the slowness of the Local Authorities in preparing schemes for the Board's approval. - He explained it, charitably enough, by the absence of many officials...

The ease of " De'Keyser's It'oyal Hotel v. The-King,"- in-

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which the Court of Appeal on Wednesday decided for the plaintiff, wileranle in the aeries of famous trials in which -English Judges have defended the rights of the'subjeet...

Dr. Addison-in the House of Commons on Monday made an

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interesting. and hopeful speech on.his new Housing Bill. He estimated that - the war-had - prevented three hundred and fifty thousand workmen's houses from-being built, apd that...

A further- stage in the freeing of women Wes reached

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in the Commons on Friday week, when the Women's Emancipation Bill Was-mead a second time without a: division. Its.aim is 'to enable women to .hold- any civil or judicial office;...

When the House of Lords on Tuesday gave a second

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reading to the Military Service - Bill, Lordeluckmaster alone opposed it as unnecessary, and suggested that' the Pleet might take over the watch en the Rhine. An ex-Lord...

The debate -on -the Pill -was prolonged till Tuesday, and

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showed a general approval of the measure, except on the part of one or two " Single Taxers," who would sacrifice any praetieal reform to the interests of their absurd theory. A...

The Board, Dr. Addison continued, had formed a special organization

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for housing purposes under Sir James - Cannichaele The country was divided into eleven districts, in each of which a local Housing Commissioner would give expert advice and...

Bank rate,5 per cent.,ehanged fronAi per cent. Apr115, 1917.

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TOPICS OF THE DAY.

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TH EY CAN CONQUER, WHO BELIEVE THEY CAN." " Hi proprium decus, et part= indiEnmtur honorem, Ni tenant ; vitamque volunt pro laude pacisei. Hos suceessus alit ; possunt, quia...

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THE IRRATIONALITY OF IRISH NATIONALISM.

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FJ VERY one with a faculty for argumentation must have despaired sometimes when he found himself opposed in a discussion to a person on whom logic had no effect, for whom...

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THEltrhSPIEITIIAL DUTIES: ON

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I regard .the prospect of the separation of .Church and State with- the- utmost ,anxiety,., and would-fain da all- in my power -to prevent the- secularization of the -State. It...

CHURCH: AND STATE.—A VINDICATION OF ENGLISH ERASTIANISM.—I.

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T ' Spectator has already, dealt with the scheme sup ' - portedby Dr. Temple and others for. endowing the Church of England with a system of self-government. That the. policy...

Before I deal in detail with the momentous theme which

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is the subject of these papers, I must- apologize for. my temerity in undertaking the task:which is before-me,. That I, who am not, and do.not make the slightest. claim to be, a...

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THE ETHICS OF ADVERTISEMENT.

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O N Friday week -the jury returned a verdict for the proprietors of the Daily Mail in the libelaction brought by-Sir Hedley Bas. Sir Medley Le Bas based his action on the ground...

SOME GUESSES AT TRUTIL*—HI.

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WHAT 18 TRUTH ? T T was natural, nay, inevitable, that I should he asked I_ why before I guessed at Truth I did not state what I meant by Truth. There are several ways to...

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MT.ISEI:11 GUIDES.

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L AST month (March 12th) a debate took place in the House of Lords upon the subject of museum and picture gallery guides. Lord Sudeley and the Archbishop of Canterbury made...

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ENGLISH IMPRESSIONS.

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O NE morning not long ago, I, in company with other Ameri- can officers, leaned over the ship's rail and across the waters of the Irish Sea saw the shores of England ariseout of...

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LETTERS TO THE EDITOR.

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[Letters of the length of one of our leading paragraphs are often more read, and therefore more effective, than those which fat treble the space.] -- THE SHARE OF LABOUR. (To...

THE LIBRAIIT OF LOUVAIN.

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[To THE Entree or THE " SPECTATOR."7 SIR,—Many months have passed and the position has greatly changed since attention wes called in the Spectator to the steps then being...

REFORM OF THE INCOME TAX.

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[To Tat EDITOR OF VIE EPECTATOR."3 SIR,—With reference to your paragraph in the last issue of the Spectator regarding the present practice of lumping husbands and wives'...

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ENGLISH POLITICAL ECONOMISTS AND OUTRAGE. [To THE EDITOR or TILE

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" SPECTATOR.'l Sia,s—While all of us stand aghast at the wholesale destruction of factories and machinery by the Germans in Belgium and France, I have not seen it pointed out...

THE SPEECHES OF GERMANY.

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ETD THE EDITOR or TEE " SPECTATOR."3 Stn, Some of your readers may not have come across an amusing and, from the linguistic and pathlesl point of view, significant anecdote...

SWITZERLAND DURING THE GREAT WAR.

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- ITO THE EDITOR or THE SFECIATOR."3 have read with much interest the splendid article in your issue of March 8th on "Switzerland during the Great War." From May-October, 1914,...

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SWITZERLAND DURING THE GREAT WAR.

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• CTo THE EDITOR OP THE " SPDCTATOR."J SIR,—I have read with much interest the splendid article in your issue of March 8th on " Switzerland during the Great War." From...

THE SPEECHES 01' GERMANY.

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[To THE EDITOR or THE " Specmm . 1 Sia,—Some of your readers may not have come across an amusing and, from the linguistic and political point of view, significant anecdote...

ENGLISH POLITICAL ECONOMISTS AND OUTRAGE. CTo THE EDITOR or THE

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" SPECTATOR."1 SIK, — While all of us eland aghast at the wholesale destruction of factories and machinery by the Germans in Belgium and France, I have not seen it pointed out...

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PROFIT-SHARING PLUS CO-PARTNERSHIP.

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[To THE. EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR.") 5:5,-1 am loth to trespass once more on your courtesy, yet the letters of " A Seeker after Industrial Peace " and Lieutenant Withey in your...

HOLLOW HOUSE-WALLS.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR."1 Sin,—I occupied a new house in Montreal for about a year in the winter of 1895-96. It was newly built and comprised two stories of eight...

[To THE EDITOR. OF THE " SPECTIVOR."1

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Sus,—I have read with very deep interest the letters published in the Spectator on the above subject, and as one who has benefited by working for a company that many years ago...

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PROHIBITION IN AMERICA.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE SPECTATOR."3 SIR,—With reference to the recent discussion in your columns. it may he worth while to bear testimony to the success of Prohibition in...

[To rue Exam or sae " Sescrssors.")

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Sta,—I cannot refrain from giving my personal experience of the ventilators in brick walls. I had my house built by a well- known architect, Mr. Philip Webb, and depended...

THE PROBLEM OF TESCHEN.

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LTo THE EDITOR 07 THE " SPECTATOR."] there is an intense necessity to secure a permanent and powerful buffer against Teutonic dominance eastward, it is urgent to bring the&chs...

PATHANS AND THE CROSS.

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[TO THE EDITOR OF TEE " SPEETATOR."1 SIR,—The Spectator has had so much in it lately about India that I think the following may interest your readers. My husband was chaplain...

ENDOWMENT OF CHURCHYARDS.

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ITo THE EDITOR. OP THE SPECTATOR."] SIR, — The natural and pathetic interest in the grave: of our soldiers (shown by the letters on the subject week by weeks should rewind us...

THE LATF. SIR MARK SYKES AS ANTIQUARY. ITo THE EDITOR

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or THE g. SPECTATOICI SIR,—It may be of interest to put on record what I know of the late Sir Mark Sykes as an antiquary. After the fire six years ago at Sledmere House some...

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A FREAK OF NATURE.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR.") Sue—Allow me to thank your coreespondent for his interesting letter about the black-headed gulirin Si James's Park. As the bird has been...

MR. ASQUITH ON CARLYLE.

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[To THE EDTTOR or THE "SPECTATOR.") SLE,—As an admirer of the works of that mucsh maligned and misquoted man, Thomas Carlyle, I should like to point out the injustice done to...

(To THE EDITOR OP THE " SPECTATOR.") Sue—Mr. Gene's noteworthy

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opinion (Spectator, January 1111() will commensithe approval-and support of all loversof. animals. As he says, the home is the chief sufferer, end conditions with regard to it,...

ENGLISHMEN AND A-NIMALS.

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[To THE .EDITOR OF run "SPECTATOR.") Sur,—In the Spectator of March 29th it is pleasant to read of the soldiers fondness for their hereee, and you may like to hear of a...

[To THE EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR."]

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Sue—Both yesterday- and to-day (April 3rd) I watched in St. James's Park the black-headed gull which Mr_ Crook described in your issue of March 29th. In point of fact there...

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AUTHOR WANTED.

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[To TICE EDITOR or THE " SPECTATOR."] SIII,—Can any of your readers help to identify, or complete, the.following fragment of a poem, found written on a postcard in the...

IT° ens Enrroa or THE " Sererwroa."1 En,—Mr. Frank Fox

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says : "The English are the kindest people in the world to dumb animals." Is he quite sure that the Norwegians would not bear away the palm 7 From my observations I should think...

AN EPITAPH: A CLUE WANTED.

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Ito THE EDITOR or THE " SPECTATOR."' SIR, ---I wonder if any one can give me the clue to the following. It lies, I suppose, in , the source of the verses concerned. In High...

BOOKS.

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LNDLAN CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM.* DR. VINCENT &ma has written a little book on Indian reforms, with reference to the Montagu-Chelmsford Report, which every one, and especially...

POETRY.

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A DREAD IN SPRING. MOTHER she calls to me: " Here, Bess, Slip up t' Beacon Farm," she says, " An' take their basket back again; Au' keep an eye for firie-wood." She thinks the...

NOTICE.—When "Correspondence" or Articles are signed with the writer's name

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or initials, or with a pseudonym, or are snarled "Communicated," the Editor must taut necessarily be held to he in agreement with the views therein expressed or with the mode of...

Spatatur

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We suggest that there can be no better Present in Peace or War than an Annual Subscription to the Spectator. He or she who given the Spectator as a present will give a weekly...

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ARCHBISHOP THOMSON.*

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ANECDOTIC tradition has encouraged the belief that Archbiahop Thomson owed his early and rapid preferment to worldly rather than spiritual gifts and influences—to his...

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MODERN FRANCE.*

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The distinguished French historian, M. Emile Bourgeois, has written a very valuable and instructive history of modern France from the morrow of Waterloo to the eve of the war....

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THE RIVAL PHILOSOPHIES Oe' JESUS AND PAUL. * THIS is at

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once an irritating and a suggestive hook. Its defects lie on the surface. The author's tone is often needlessly offensive ; his Greek, to borrow Poison's phrase, is "sadly to...

POST-BELLUM HOUSES.* Mn. STONEROVSE'S little pamphlet, Standard Renate of the

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Future,' is particularly to be commended for one thing, and that is its strong advocacy of what might be called the cigar-box house plan with aplainlid-like roof. After a...

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VAGABONDING DOWN THE ANDES.*

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Tnouou the comparative serenity of Mr. Franek's vagabonding in South America would seem to belie the reputation of that country for loud excursions and alarums, we cannot agree...

A SHOWMAN'S JUBILEE.*

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Ma. PLOWMAN'S title is innocently misleading. He was no rival to Barnum or Buffalo Bill, nor did he pass from Fair to Fair for fifty years, accumulating scanty revenue • but a...

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A melancholy interest attaches to a handbook on Income Tax,

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Weights and Measures, Stamp Duties and Coinage published by the British Bank of South Africa, which gives particulars of these subjects for most countries. A comparative table...

does it very well.—The 1Vidow. By Mrs. Baillie Rey- nolds.

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(Cassell. 7s. net.) — A romantic post - war story in which it appears that South-Eastern Europe is to remain a seething centre of political intrigue with eoimtless little...

An admirable edition of M. Jusserand's La Vie Nomads has

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just been issued for use in schools, under the care of Mr. A. Wilson-Green (Cambridge University Press, 4s. net). The young French students for whom such fascinating books as...

Stories of the Ships. By Lewis It. Freeman. (J. Murray.

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is. net.)—In the first part of this interesting book Mr.Freeman has collected personal narratives of the battle of the Falklands as viewed from H.M.S. Cornwall,' and of the...

The Australians ; their Final Campaign, 1918. By F. M.

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Cutlack. (Sampson Low. 10s. 8d. net.)—The Australian Corps surpassed themselves last spring when they were hastily moved from Flanders to the Somme to check the enemy's...

FICTION.

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CHRISTOPHER AND COLUMBUS.. THE author of Elizabeth and her German Garden is now to be added to the long list of war-novelists, though the principal characters in her new book...

Henry Charles Beeching. In Memoriam. (Norwich : Public Library Committee.

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6d. net.)—Mr. 0. A. Stephen, the City Librarian of Norwich, has compiled a very full bibliography. with notes, of the writings of the late Dean of Norwich. To this is prefixed...

SOME BOOKS OF THE WEEK.

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[Notice in Mit column doer not necessarily pre•lale suldrytent review.] The Taxation of Capital. By Sir A. W. Seward and W. E. Willan. (Waterlow. 18s. 6d. net.)—The authors...

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Some Soldiers and Little Mamma, by Helen Boulnois (John Lane,

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fie. net), gives an account of work among the soldiers in France by a lady whose mission appears to have been to go as near the front lines as possible and "mother" the troops....

Dod's Parliamentary Companion for 1919 (Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons,

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6e. net), now in its eighty-seventh year, has been corrected up to the middle of February and notes the by-elections then pending. Its short biographies of Members, especially...

Transactions of the Groans Society. Vol. IV. (Sa - eet and Maxwell.

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10s. net.)—Among these instructive papers on problems of the war, from the international lawyer's standpoint, we may note the statements of the Belgian and Dutch views...

Mahan on Naval Warfare. Edited by Allan Westcott. (Sampson Low.

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12s. 6d. net..)--Dr. Westcott, an instructor at the United States Naval Academy, has made an interesting and representative selection of passages from the writings of Admiral...

The latest number of the American Oxonian, the quarterly organ

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of the American Rhodes Scholars (Concord: W. W, Thayer ; la.), is devoted to the British Universities' Mission a hich visited the American Universities last year. The main...

The Geographical Journal for April contains two articles of special

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interest. Commander Roncagli, of the Italian Navy, describes, with maps, the " Physical and Strategic Geography of the Adriatic." Colonel Winterbotham explains in detail the...