lortign antt eolonfal.

Fitswcu.—The new postal arrangements with France enabled us last Saturday morning to mention, in our first edition, the death of Madame Adelaide, King Louis Philippe's sister. On Friday, the two Chambers paid the King a visit of condolence. At three o'clock, the Chancellor of France and the members of the Chamber of Peers, in full costume, were received in the Hall of the Throne, by the King, Queen, the Dutchess of Orleans, and the Princes and Princesses of the Royal Family, attired in deep mourn- ing. The King replied with emotion to the address of the Chancellor. An hour later, the Chamber of Deputies, headed by the President, repaired in procession to the Palace. All the Ministers were present, as well as the chiefs of the different sections of the dynastic Opposition—Messrs. Thiers, Dufaure, Billault, Remusat, and Oclilon Barrot; who united with their Conservative colleagues in a joint expression of sympathy and deep regret. M. Sanzet, President of the Deputies, addressing the King, merely said, in trembling accents, " Sire, we do not come to trouble your grief by words, but to associate our grief with yours, and to bring you the lively sympa- thies of the country." The King wept so that his tears choked his voice; and the Deputies who were close to him could only catch these broken phrases: 'I had hoped tomorrow to have had to thank the Chamber for its reception—that would have been sweet to my heart—I feel that I am giving way to my sorrow—it is very bitter—I am touched to the heart by the testimony of your sympathy, and at seeing the Chamber so numerous around me." The Royal Family then retired to the private apartments.

The following biographical sketch of Madame Adelaide is furnished chiefly by the Constitutionnel-

Madame Adelaide, sister to the Ring of the French, was born in Paris, on the 23d of August 1777; and was the daughter of Louis Philippe Joseph of Orleans, and Louis Marie Adelaide de Bourbon Penthievre. This Princess, whose cha- racter was ever remarkable for firmness and wit, has not figured officially in any political events; and yet her part has not been an unimportant one. The King loses in her not only a most intelligent and devoted friend, but an invaluable ad- viser and a useful mediator. Madame de Geniis first superintended the early education of Princess Adelaide and her twin sister, who died young. She incul- cated the ideas of Rousseau on education, which then prevailed; and the politer arts were not forgotten. The influence exercised by Madame de Geniis over her pupil, and her brothers, excited the jealousy of their mother, the Dutchess of Orleans; who, after somewhat violent altercations, caused her to be dismissed. This was the cause of such profound grief on the part of the Princess Adelaide, that her health suffered, and it became necessary to recall Madame de Genlis. This lady, unwilling to submit to daily bickerings with the Dutchess, had the art

to obtain permission to travel with her charge in England; and it was thus that the Princess first became separated from her mother. " The events of the Revolution were destined, however, to disturb the course of -an existence which seemed out of the reach of all injuries of fortnme. Mademoi- selle Adelaide was placed on the list of emigres. But her father, who was him- self threatened, soon obtained the revocation of the measure. The Princess had

scarce, however, entered France with Madame de Geniis' when she received an order from Paris to leave the capital within twenty-fourhours,and the country

within three days; and the Duke of Chartres, her brother, hearing of the extre- mity in which he was placed, came from the army to her assistance, and brought her to Tourney. "It was some thne after this that the young exile and her governess settled at Schaffhausen in Switzerland; where the Duke of Chartres who had in the mean- while also been exiled, came tojoin her. The town of Schaffhausen offering little security, they were soon induced to leave it, and proceed to Zurich; which they were soon obliged also to abandon, to go to Zug. There, under the name of an Irish family, they were enabled to stay for a month. "Though the life they led was exceedingly retired, and seemed likely to escape public notice, they were recognized by some emigres, and it became necessary to seek another asylum. This was made doubly painful, as it involved a separation between the Duke de Chartres and his sister; he by his presence subjecting her to the severities of governments and their police. Their perplexity was great, but a lucky circumstance solved their difficulties. General Montesquieu was at that time in Switzerland, and had done certain services to the Government of Geneva, which had caused him to be generally looked up to in that Canton. By his intervention Mademoiselle Adelaide and Madame de Genlis obtained leave to enter the convent of Saute Claire, at Baumgarten; and remained there until the 11th of May 1794; when she retired to the house of the Princess of Conti, her aunt, in Hungary. From thence she went to join the Dutchess of Figueras, in Catalonia; where she remained till 1808.

"The Spanish war then commenced; and, being obliged to fly, she commenced a wandering Odyssey in search of her brother; whom she found, after many vicissitudes, at Portsmouth, just about to embark. The delight of both at meet- ing is easily understood. They promised never to separate from each other; and this _promise was religiously kept. In January 1809, the Princess and the Duke left England for Malta; and some time after she had the joy to witness the marriage of her brother and the Princess Marie Amelie; who, in marrying an exile, little thought he would become King of the French. "With the Restoration, a little repose was obtained for the existence of Made- moiselle d'Orleans. The faults of the Government then caused the Duke of Orleans to play a distinguished part, and obtained for him an influence which the Revolution of July gave fall effect to. Mademoiselle Adelaide did not a little contribute during the fifteen years' struggle, to rally round her brother the divers political influences which the Restoration seemed to coalesce against herself. When in 1830 it became necessary for the Duke of Orleans to declare for the acceptance or refusal of the crown, Madame Adelaide bravely engaged for her brother, and offered to come to Paris first to share the dangers of the Parisians. Since then, she has not ceased to share in and serve the fortunes of the King." Madame Adelaide had for a considerable time suffered from asthma, combined with disease of the heart. But for some days after the commencement of the attack of influenza, and even as late as the 30th December, no serious appre- hensions were entertained. Even on that day her Royal Highness got up; merely complaining of extreme weakness. In the evening, she received the King and the Royal Family; and talked of being present, but sitting„" at the recep- tions on the jour de Pan. She afterwards slept in her arm-chair; and it was during this sleep, to all appearance natural, that the death-struggle commenced.

The Presse corrects some misstatements as to the extent of Madame Adelaide's fortune. The annual income was near 1,800,000 francs (about 70,6001.), representing a capital of 60,000,000 (2,500,0001.) Of this sum 2,000,000 (80,0001.) is left to the young Duke de Chartres, second son of the late Duke of Orleans; 10,000,000 (400,0001.) to the Duke de Ne- mours; 1,000,000 (40,0001.) yearly in various smaller legacies; and the residue between the Prince de Joinville and the Due de Montpensier.

The rumoured surrender of Abd-el-Kader has been confirmed by the arrival of that chief at Toulon; and despatches from the Duke d'Aumale and from General de Lamoriciere give the details of the Emir's last gallant straggle. Abd-el-Kader had cut his way to the banks of the Moulouia; but, finding himself surrounded on all aides, he trusted, says the Governor. General's despatch," to the generosity of France," and surrendered on con- dition of being sent to Alexandria or St. Jean d'Acre.

His last exploit was an attack on the Moorish camp, on the night be- tween the 11th and 12th December. The enemy was so numerous that he was obliged to concentrate his forces, and retire in the direction of the Moulouia and between that river and the sea. The Moorish camps con- tinued to draw closer the circle by which he was surrounded. Active operations were retarded for some days by the weather; but on the 21st the Emir began to transport his baggage and deira across the river, with the view of conducting them into the French territory, and then retreat to the South with all who wished to follow him.

"The commencement of the passage of the river," says the Duke d'Aumale, "was the signal for the combat; to which the Moorish 'ffabyles, excited by the prospect of plunder, rushed with fug: but the infantry and irregular cavalry of the Emir, sustaining to the last their ancient reputation, resisted throughout the entire day. Not a mule, not the smallest portion of baggage, was conquered from them. By nightfall they had lost one-half of their numbers; the rest dispersed. The entire deira had gained the French territory. The Moors ceased the par- suit."

Having brought his advance into the country of the Mesirda, Abd-el- Kader quitted it, and 'Bought an asylum among a fraction of the Beni- Snassen tribe who remained faithful; and through whose country he hoped to gain the South. General de Lamoriciere, however, divined his purpose, and kept close upon his track. Still the Emir could have got off; but he appears to have taken the sudden determination which ended in a conven- tion with the General. On the afternoon of the 22d December, Abd-el- Kader was received at the marabout of Sidi Brahim, and in an hour was conducted to Nemours; where the Duke d'Aumale announced to his cap- tive that he would have to embark for Oran on the following day: to which he submitted "not without emotion, and some repugnance. It was the last drop of the cap of affliction."

Miff Emir and his suite embarked at Oran on the 25th December, and arrived at Toulon on the 28th. He had with him his three wives and two sons, one of his brothers-in-law, and two trusty officers. On the following day, Abd-el-Kader and his suite landed, and took up heir quarters in the Lazaretto.

The Toulonnais describes the Emir's personal appearance- " Abd-el-Kader is of middling height. The expression of his countenance is mild, and rather mystical than warlike. His complexion has not that perfect purity which distinguishes the Arab aristocracy; his face is pitted with small marks, which look like the traces of smallpox; and in the middle of his forehead is a small tattoo mark. His beard is very black, but not thick. His costume is so simple that it is perhape not quite devoid of affectation." Colonel de Beaufort, Aide-de-camp to the Duke d'Aumale, arrived at Paris on Saturday evening, and presented to the King the pistol of the Emir. He also conveyed to Madame de Liunoriciere the sword of the celebrated Arab chief, which had been given by the Duke d'Aumale to her husband.

In the first bureau of the Chamber of Deputies, on Monday, M. Guizot having been called upon by M. Durand de Romorantin, explained different acts of his administration.

With regard to Switzerland, he had, he said, continued the policy followed since 1833 towards that country. The Government had sold arms to the Sonderbund from a conviction that its cause was a just one, and that the triumph of the Ca- tholic party would be favourable to the interests of France. A Member having asked if it was true that the Austrians had occupied Parma and Modena, M. Guizot replied, that he was not aware of the entrance of the Austrians into Parma: they had entered Modena, at the request of the Duke, for the purpose of restoring order; but he had been assured that they would immediately withdraw. Referring next to the last paragraph of the address, M. Guizot observed that the expressions " hostile passions " were not applied to any member of the Chamber; that the Cabinet had used them to characterize passions inimical to the Charter and to society itself, and that, perceiving those symptoms of disorder, it was its duty to denounce them. As respected the word " blind," M. Guizot contended that it was a Parliamentary expression, and that the Government merely meant to caution the Opposition that it was unintentionally promoting the views of the extreme parties. M. Leon Faucher inquired if it was the intention of the Government to execute the capitulation in virtue of which Abd-el-Kader had surrendered, and to permit him to retire to St Jean d'Acre or Alexandria? M. Guizot replied, that the in- sertion of the report of the Duke d'Aumale in the Moniteur did not imply appro- bation of the arrangement concluded with Abd-el-Kader, and that the Govern- ment had as yet come to no resolution on the subject.

The postscript of a letter from the Paris correspondent of the Times sup- plies some further information " on good authority "—

" The Government has decided that Abd-el-Kader should be detained a prisoner in Fort Lamalgue, at Toulon, until the close of a negotiation which is to be opened with the Viceroy of Egypt for the establishment of the Emir in that country. It is hoped that Mehemet Ali will refuse to receive Abd-el-Kader."

The Opposition papers, in speaking of the surrender of Abd-el-Kader consider the matter as important, principally because the existence of his power (though for some time past merely nominal) was made the pretext by the Government for keeping up a large and useless army in Algeria. This pretext being now taken away, they anticipate large reductions; as there is nothing in the state of the colony that can authorize the mainte- nance of an army of 100,000 men. Some of the papers say that the army ought at once to be reduced to 50,000 men.

The regular business of the session commenced in the Chamber of De- puties on Monday. Three important bills were brought in by the Minis- ter of Finance; the first on the budget, the second relating to the salt- duties, and the third for postal reform. The Government proposes so to regulate the duties on salt that each manufacturer will be enabled to ob- tain an equitable price. A minimum price, however, is to be fixed; and the sale of salt by retail is to be open to free competition. The wholesale price,is to be 27 cents the kilograinme;the retail price 30 cents. Foreign silt is to be subject to a duty of 50 caiite per 100 kilogiIinmes. Tile post- age bill proposes a progressive tax of 50 cents on single letters. The im- mediate loss to the revenue is estimated at 15 millions on the salt and 5 millions on the postage bill. The increased circulation of letters is esti- mated to cover the five millions of primitive loss; and the Government proposes making good the remaining 15 millions by the sinking of 15 millions of Rentes, arising out of capital consolidated from the reserve of the Sinking-fund. However, these bills arc not to be enforced for the next two years.

In opening the budget, the Finance Minister declared, that, looking to the scarcity and pecuniary difficulties of the last two years, the financial prospects of the country were more favourable than might have been ex- pected. The public revenue had not suffered any considerable diminution. The produce of the indirect revenue for 1849 is estimated at 845,076,000 francs; which exceeds by 6,384,000 francs the provisions of the budget of 1848. The estimate for 1849 stands thus—receipts, 1,383,469,360 francs; expenditure, 1,382,468,322 francs; excess of receipts, 1,001,038 francs. The sum thus set down for expenses is greater by 20,000,000 francs than the similar item of 1848; and the calculation does not include the extra- ordinary and supplemental credits of the year.

There has been an affair of honour between the Count de Morny and M. Emile de Girardin, editor of the Prase. The former, offended at some strictures in the Praise on an article of his in the Revue des Deux Mondes, sent a challenge to M. de Girardin by the Marquis de Lava- lette, choosing for his other second Marshal Bugeaud. The friends chosen by M. de Girardin were the Duke de Reggio and M. LOon de Maleville. But in the former case the Marshal, and in the latter the Duke, declined the honour. During the delay caused by this hesitation, the Minister of the Interior heard of the affair, and took mea- sures to prevent the meeting, which had been fixed for noon on Tuesday. Both the combatants, however, eventually obtained seconds of sufficient distinction, and declared their determination to fight it out. But the se- conds discovered that there had been mutual misapprehension; offensive expressions were mutually withdrawn; and the affair was settled by a for- mal declaration to that effect.

M. Letrone, Administrator of the College of Franco, has intimated to M. Michelet that the Minister of Public Instruction had stopped his lec- tures. In a reply, M. Michelet declaimed against the arbitrary conduct of the Ministerial prohibition, without cause arsigned.

ITALY.—The accounts from Italy are gloomy. Parma was occupied by Austrian troops on the 21st December; Modena and Reggio on the follow- ing day; and General Radetzky's army, 60,000 strong, is moving in large masses towards the frontiers of the Italian states. Guns and ammunition- carriages sufficient for four or five batteries have left Vienna; so that an extensive occupation of Italy by Austria seems to be contemplated. At Modena, Tebaldo Condreni and two Jews were arrested for having ap- plauded Monsignor Corboli Buss!; and terror prevailed in the city.

The magistrates and people of Parma have signed an address to their present Sovereign, Charles Louis of Bourbon, detailing the grievances suf- fered under the government of the late Archdutchess, and inviting their new Sovereign to redress them. He has issued a manifesto declaring that he shall make no change. Meanwhile, the King of Sardinia has reinforced the garrison of Alexan- dria, and planted an army of observation under the shelter of the fortress on the field rendered memorable by the battle of Marengo. King Charles Albert had further, as a measure of precaution, sent an envoy to the Grand Duke of Tuscany, to put him on his guard.

The people of Florence were much incensed at the appearance of the Austrians in Modena and Reggio. A letter of the 27th December men- tions, that on the previous evening, at the Café Ferrucei, a proposition was warmly and even violently discussed for opening a list of volunteers to go forth on behalf of the occupied cities. The Marquis Ridolfi, learning what was going on, went to the café, and, mounting on a table, entreated the moat excited to be calm; assuring them that the Government was pre- pared to meet all circumstances, whatever might happen. Several com- panies of troops of the line were marched towards the Modenese frontier.

A conference was to be opened on the 25th December, at which twenty- one persons named by the Government were to lay down the basis of a new municipal system. In the preamble to the ordinance published on the subject, it is said that "the reforms relative to the laws and municipal regulations ought to be in unison with those which are to take place in the politico-governmental system of the grand dutchy." The question of the evacuation of the city of Ferrara by the Austrians is accomplished. On the 23c1 December, the whole of the Austrian troops in the city were withdrawn into the citadel, with the exception of those in two barracks situate between the town and that fortress, the evacuation of which had not been required. Some of the Italian papers state that the evacuation of Ferrara was complied with on condition that the Pope should put a stop to the Liberal movement iu his dominions. The French and Austrian Ambassadors are said to have made a joint representation to the Pope on the point; and the consequence was, the change of policy of which the effects are now begin- ning to be felt.

It is indeed very generally feared that e nne change has been worked on the Liberal mind of Pius. Directions were issued to the Governor by the Secretary of State to seize all copies of the Alba, a Liberal Florentine paper. The Governor, afraid of disturbing the public peace, remonstrated; and the execution of the order was net insisted on, though it was not withdrawn.

In Naples, matters are very critical. The young nobles who were im- prisoned continued to be the objects of almost ostentatious attention and re- spect from the highest families. Yisiters went in crowds to the prison. The students, from 800 to 1,000 in number, had been ordered to quit the city before Christmas; but, yielding to the force of public indignation, the Government had revoked the order, but instead required each student to find an inhabitant to be responsible for him. A letter quoted by the Na- tional, which is dated the 23d December, mentions that arrests continue; but that stush is the temper of the public mind that the violent measures of the Government only exasperated without intimidating the people. The Swiss guards had formally declined, through their commander, to fight on the King's side against his own subjects; though they at the same time de- clared their readiness to lay down their lives in the King's service against foreign enemies.

Seene.—A correspondent of the Morning Poet, writing from Madrid on the 29d December, makes the following communication— "1 have important intelligence to communicate, for the authenticity of which I can vouch. The abdication of Isabel the Second, which has not of late been talked about, is in a fair way of becoming un fait accompli; and will, if it takes place, be followed by a Regency under Christina, for the Dutchess de Montpensier, unless anything renders her immediate return to Spain indispensable."

On the 28th December, Seiler Beltran de Lis, the new Finance Minis- ter, brought forward his budget for 1848. He set forth in much detail the difficulties with which the Government had to contend on taking office, from the exhausted condition of the treasury. He estimated the revenue for 1848 at 1,283,631,396 reals; the current charges and arrears amounted to 1,538,821,357 reads; leaving a deficit of 255,189,961 reels. This could only be met by reduction in the expenditure, since new con- tributions were impossible. He proposed, therefore, to reduce the ex- penditure to the amount estimated for the year's revenue. The re duction would have to be adjusted eituitably throughout each branch of the public service; but as this was a work of time, he asked a general approval of his plan; the adjustment of the details being left to the Ministry. It is observed, that in the project of law the amount set down for " Dotation of the Royal Household," instead of showing any re- duction, exhibits an increase of 2,400,000 reale.

PORTUGAL.—By the arrival of the Oriental Company's steam-ship, Ju- piter, there is news from Lisbon to the 2d instant; on which day the Cortes were opened. The Queen's speech (a very meagre affair) expresses the greatest satisfaction at seeing the Peers and Deputies reunited round the throne; a proof, after the violent political troubles of the last two years, that Divine Providence deigns still to think of PortugaL Full explana- tions are promised as to the extraordinary measures necessarily adopted by the several Ministries since the last meeting of the Cortes.

A royal decree reinstates the Cabrals as Privy Councillors; from which

• post they were degraded by the Palmella Administration of 1846. Both, it is presumed, will ultimately be made Ministers; but meanwhile, Costa Cabral is to have the Paris Embassy, and Jose is to go to Brazil.

A decree has also been issued for disarming the people. Even fowling- pieces are to be seized, and domiciliary visits in search of fire-arms are to be sanctioned.

The British squadron reentered the Tagus on the 28th December, from its late cruise.

GREECE.—Accounts from Constantinople, to the 18th December, bring intelligence of the settlement of the long-pending Turco-Hellenic dispute. King Otho has finally consented to make the necessary apology for the in- sult offered to the Sultan's representative, M. blussurus. It appears by intelligence received from Athens, that the rumoured in- surrection at Patras was a local disturbance. A captain of irregular troops garrisoning the town—a notorious brigand, named Merauditi—had been put under arrest by his colonel for being concerned in a squabble about a watch which a brother officer had stolen. Merauditi managed while in prison to organize a conspiracy with some of his men; and having made prisoner of his colonel, and hunted the Governor, he robbed the bank of 25,000 dollars, and finally got possession of the castle. Through the in- tervention of the Consuls, however, Merauditi eventually agreed, in con- sideration of a payment of 32,000 drachmas, to evacuate the castle, and

embark on board the British war-steamer Spitfire, for the purpose of being landed on the Albanian coast. This arrangement having been made, tran- quillity was restored at Patras on the 17th December.

Iterna.—Accounts from Bombay to the 1st December, and from Calcutta to the 16th November, have been received through the usual Marseilles express. The commercial crisis in England had begun to tell on the Indian com- munity. The Calcutta houses of Cockerell and Co., May, Fordyce, and Co., Lyall, Matheson, and Co., Church, Lake, and Co., and Shearman, Mul- lens, and Co., had announced themselves insolvent; but it was considered that the crash would be limited to these houses. At Bombay, only one house, the local branch of the firm of Livingston and Co. of Liverpool, had succumbed; and no further failure was expected. Lord Hardinge had reached Cawnpoor, from Simla. The King of Chide had crossed over from his gorgeous camp on the other side of the Ganges, and had been received in state durbar by the Governor-General. Lord Hardinge was about to accompany the King to Lucknow; where great pre- parations were made for his reception. Nothing had transpired as to any political result from the meeting. A climax of confusion marked the progress of affairs at Hyderabad. All attempts to get money to pay the troops having failed, the Arab mer- cenaries were plundering the country; the Nizam and his Minister being more at war than ever. The King bad quitted Hyderabad, not to return, as he declared, until our Resident should consent to the removal of the distasteful official.

Lieutenant Hardcastle and his party had at length, after many months' hunt, captured the outlaw Doonghur Singh, and thus earned .a large re- ward offered by the Government for his seizure. According to the Bewares Recorder, the adopted son of the late Rajah of Sattara had been duly installed as heir and next ruler de jure, "by the Rajah's dependants": his brother reigns defects.

At Bombay, the exchange upon London had experienced a decline, and approved bills had become much dearer since the arrival of the last mail. The intelligence from China is of the most pacific character. Accounts are given of a much better state of feeling at Canton; the Factory resi- dents having in a number of instances perambulated the city, and even gone outside of the walls without molestation. Trade had also somewhat improved.

WEST Ira:ans.—The accounts brought by the steamer Severn contain little news. The dates are from Jamaica to the 8th, and Barbados to the 10th December. The state of things in the different islands was extremely discouraging. The refusal by the Union Bank of London of the drafts of the West India Bank had not been communicated, but the latter had sus- pended specie payments. As a consequence, the notes were in runny places refused in payment for goods. In Barbaddt, all classes seemed to be paralyzed; trade was prostrated, agricultural operations at a stand, and the Treasury without a dollar to meet the public disbursements. All classes, however, were cooperating cordially to lighten the pressure; and the conduct of the labourers throughout the island is described as exemplary