7 SEPTEMBER 1901, Page 26

Clough's Certificate History of Europe, 1814-1849. (Ralph, Holland, and Co.

3s. 611.)—This is the third volume of a series bearing the same name, its predecessors covering respectively the periods 1700-1789, and 1789-1815. A "certificate" history mean, one specially adapted to the wants of students who desire to obtain certificates. The title is not attractive, as it suggests " cram " ; but we have no fault to find with the volume on this score. It is written in a clear and spirited style, and treats its subject with adequate breadth.