furtigu out tulunial.

Tux CRIMEA.—A few hours after the publication of our last number, the news of the battle of the Alma appeared in an Extraordinary Gazette, forwarded by Lord Stratford ; and it was followed by a second Gazette on Sunday, publishing Lord Raglan's telegraphic summary of the battle and its results. The despatches printed in our Saturday's Postscript dCseribed the Allies as about to march on the 19th, and as likely to force the Alma on the 20th. Such turned out to be the case.

Leaving Old Fort on the 19th, the Allies advanced upon the Alma ; found the Russians intrenched there ; fought and defeated them; as will be seen from the following official documents.

[From the Extraordinary Gazette issued on Saturday night.] " Copy of a Telegraphic Despatch from Viscount Stratford de Redeliffe to the Earl of Clarendon, dated Constantinople, September 23, 1854; and transmitted by her Majesty's Consul-General at Belgrade, under date Sep- tember 30, seven a. m. " The intrenched camp of the Russians, containing 50,000 men, with a

numerous artillery and cavalry, on the heights of the Alma, was attacked on the 20th instant, at one p.m.' by the Allied troops, and carried, by the bayo- net at half-past three ; with a loss on our side of about 1400 liilled and wounded, and an equal loss on the side of the French. The Russian army was forced to put itself in full retreat."

[From the .Extraordinary Gazette issued on Sunday.]

"War Department, October 1, 1854. "The Duke of Newcastle has this day received a telegraphic despatch from General Lord Raglan, G.C.B., of which the following is a translation. " Copy of a Telegraphic Despatch from General Lord Raglan to the Duke of Newcastle, transmitted through Belgrade (not dated, but evidently written from the Crimea on 21st September.)

" The Allied armies yesterday. attacked the position of the enemy on the heights above the Alma, and earned it after a desperate battle, about an hour and a half before sunset. Nothing could surpass the bravery and excellent conduct of the troops. The position was very formidable, and defended by a numerous artillery of heavy calibre. Our loss, I regret to add, is very con- siderable; but no general officer has been wounded. The main body of the extey of the enemy was estimated from 45,000 to 50,000 infantry. A few prisoners amongst whom are two general officers, and two guns, have been

taken by the English army. (Signed) RAGLAN.'" The Noniteur of Sunday and Monday contained similar despatches from Marshal de St. Arnaud. "From the Rivouack on the Alma, Sept. 20, 1854. " We h ave today encountered the enemy on the Alma. Reoccupied, with con- siderable forces, the ravine through which the river rune, and which is thickly wooded, cut up by houses, traversable only at three points, and the heights on the left bank having a very steep declivity : the forces were solidly in- trenched and covered with artillery. The Allied troops advanced upon these difficult positions with unprecedented vigour. It is to the cry of Wive rEmpereur !' that our soldiers have carried those which were in their front.

"The battle of Alma lasted four hours. It is a splendid debtit for our arms. The French troops have had 1400 men killed and wounded. I do not vet know the losses of the English army, which has valiantly fought in presence of an obstinate resistance."

With regard to the wounded at the battle of the Alma, we have the following ordinary despatches. Constantinople, Sept. 25.—The Vulcan has brought 320 wounded from the Crimea. The Andes brought 300. No general officers were hurt. The Seventh, Twenty-third, and Thirty-third Regiments suffered most. The Russians have retreated into Sebastopol." Marseilles, Thursday Evening.—The Nil, which left Constantinople on the 25th, has arrived with despatches. The loss of the English at the battle of the Alma amounts to 2000 men. That of the French is not so great. General Bonet is among the killed.

"Lord Burghersh, who left Malta in the Fury before the Nil, with despatches for the English Government, has not yet arrived. The capture of Sebastopol is not confirmed."

It is also stated that General Thomasson, who commanded the French left, was killed ; and that General Canrobert was severely wounded in the shoulder.

The next despatch, announcing the occupation of Balaclava, was published in an Extraordinary Gazette on Thursday.

"Translation of the exact copy of a Telegraphic Despatch, received October 5, ten a. m., and transmitted by the Agent of England in Wallachia, at Bucharest, the 30th of September 1854, half-past three p. at.

"Lord Stratford, Constantinople, to Lord Clarendon, Minister of Foreign Affairs, London.

"September 30, 1854, at half-past nine p. "The Allied armies established their basis of operations at Bala Clava on the morning of the 28th, and were preparing to march without delay upon Sebastopol. The Agamemnon and other vessels of war of the Allies, were in the port of Bala Clays. There were facilities there for disembarking the battering train.

" It is stated that Prince Menschikoff was in the field at the head of 20,000 men, expecting reinforcements ; that the fortified place of Anapa has been burnt the Russians ; that its garrison was marching to the scene of action ; and that a convoy of ammunition, escorted by Cossacks, had been taken and destroyed by an English detachment. "The Banshee, bearer of this news, left the Crimea on the evening of the

day before yesterday. STRATFORD DE REDCLIFFE."

It is therefore conjectured that the Allies had marched on Balaclava after the Battle of the Alma; and had invested Sebastopol. Russian despatches, purporting to be derived from Prince Menschikoff, imply severe fighting on the Belbek, which the Allies would have to cross in marching on Balaclava.

The official paiticulars of the landing of the Allies were received in London and Paris on Saturday published by the Duke of Newcastle on Saturday evening, and in the Ifoniteur of Sunday.

"Downing-Street, September 30, 1854. "Two despatches, of which the following are an extract and a copy, have been received by the Duke of Newcastle from General Lord Raglan, G.C.B.

[Extract.] "The embarkation is proceeding rapidly and successfully, thanks to the able arrangements of Rear-Admiral 'Sir Edmund Lyons, and the unceasing exertions of the officers and men under his -orders. It is impossible for me to express in adequate terms my sense of the value of the assistance the Army under my command derives from. the.Royal Navy. " The same feeling prevails from the highest to the lowest—from Vice- Admiral Dundas to the youngest sailor an ardent desire to cooperate by every possible means is reanifeit.thr4ughetit; and I em" proud of being associated with men who are animated by such_a spirit; and are so entirely devoted to the service of their country."

[CoPT] "Camp above Old Fort Bay, September 18, 1854. "My Lord DukeI do myself the honour to acquaint your Grace, that the combined fleets and their'convoys appeared in the Bay of Eupatoria on the 13th instant, and in the course of the following night proceeded some miles to the Southward ; where the Allied armies commenced disembarking early in. the morning _of the 140—the French in the by below Old Fort, the .English in the next bay nearer to Eupatoria; and before dark.the whole of the British infantry, and some artillery, and most of the French troops, were on shore. " Shortly before dark, the weather unfortunately changed, and_ became hazardons to attempt to continue landing either troops or guns. "The surf on the -beach impeded the operation the following morning ; and since, on more than one occasion ; but thanks to the great exertions of the Navy, under the able and active superintendence of Rear-Admiral Sir Edmund Lyene, who was charged with the whole arrangement, every ob- stacle has been overcome, and I-am now enabled to report to your Grace that the disembarkations have been completed. " I should net do justice to my own feelings, or to those of the troops I - have the honour to command, if I did not prominently bring to the know- ledge of your Grace the deep sense entertained by all of the invaluable ser- vices rendered by her Majesty's Navy.

`5 The spirit by which both officers and men were animated made them regardless of danger, offatigue and indeed of every consideration but that of performing an arduous .and important duty;. and that duty they dis- charged to the admiration of all who had the good fortune to witness their unceasing efforts to land horses and carriages, with the utmost expedition and safety, under frequently the most trying circumstances. `I have, &c., • (Signed) RAGLAN. " His Grace the Duke of Newcastle, Bre. &c. &c."

Lord Raglan issued the following orders on landing- " The Commander of the Forces desires that the Commissary-General will furnish rations of food and forage to the men and animals of the arabas which may at any time be attached to the army, in the same manner as had been practised before the army left Turkey. Officers commanding divisions, and others under whose command any of the natives may happen to be placed, will look well to their punctual provisioning and payment. It is of great consequence that this should be punctually and liberally done. " The Commander of the Forces calls upon the soldiers of this army to give all possible protection to the inhabitants of the country, as well as to their property of every sort. The people must be taught to understand that they have nothing to fear from the presence of this army ; and that if they will come in and furnish the different supplies required, they will be able to establish for themselves a profitable market. The Commissary-General will purchase the supplies of forage and provisions in the villages where he can, taking care to pay at once for whatever he requires."

Report of the French Comniandcr-in-chief.

"From the Bivoutick at Old Fort, Sept. 10. "Monsieur le Marilehal—I have the honour of confirming to you my tele- graphic despatch dated this day. " Our disembarkation was performed on the 14th, in the happiest circum- stances and without the presence of an enemy. The moral impression which the troops have received is excellent ; and it was to the cry of Wive rEmpe- reur that they stepped ashore and took possession of their bivouacks. " We are encamped upon steppes, where water and wood are deficient. The necessity of effecting a difficult disembarkation, and one which was complicated beyond all that I can tell you on the subject, thwarted by a sea- wind which rendered the seaboard often unapproachable, has retained us to this day in these bad bivouacks.

"I had in the first instance wished to occupy Eupatoria, of which the narrow road is the only refuge open to us on this difficult coast. But I found the disposition of the inhabitants so accommodating, that I contented myself with establishing a naval station and sonic agents there, who will be employed to collect the resources which they can meet with. "The _Carters begin to visit the camp. They are very quiet, very inof- fensive, and appear very sympathetic towards our enterprise. I hope we shall obtain from them cattle and means of transport. I take care to pay for all the resources which they offer us, and I neglect nothing to render them favourable to us. It is a very importantpoint. " On the whole, our situation is good, and the future presents itself with fresh guarantees of success which seem very solid. The troops are full of confi- dence. The passage and the disembarkation were assuredly two of the most redoubtable eventualities offered by an enterprise which is almost without precedent as respects distances, season, and the innumerable uncertainties which surrounded them. I judge that the enemy which allows such a storm to collect at the distance of a few leagues, without doing anything to dissipate it in its origin, is placing himself in a disgraceful position, of which the least inconvenience is that of appearing in presence of the inhabitants as if struck with impotency.

"I have the honour of addressing you subjoined, the order of the day that I ordered to be read to the troops at the moment of disembarkation. " Deign to accept, &c.

- "A. DE ST. ARNAUD, Marshal and Commander-in-thief."

On the landing of the troops, Marshal de St. Arnaud and Lord Raglan issued the following general orders.

"14th September, during the Disembarkation on the Coasts of the Crimea.

"Soldiers—You have been seeking the enemy for the last five months. He is at length before you, and we are about to show him our eagles. Pre- pare yourselves to undergo the fatigues and privations of a campaign which will be difficult, but short, and which will raise in presence of Europe the reputation of the army of the East to the level of the highest military glories of history.

"You will not permit that the soldiers of the Allied armies, your com- panions in arms, shall surpass you in vigour and in steadiness before the enemy, or in constancy in the trials which await you.

"You will recollect that we are not making war on the peaceful inhabitants of the Crimea; whose dispositions are favourable to us, and who, reassured by our excellent discipline, by the respect which we will show for their re- ligion, their manners, and their persons, will not delay coming to us. "Soldiers, at this moment, when you plant your standards on the soil of the Crimea, you are the hope of France—in some days you will be her pride. Vive rEmpereur !' "A. DE ST. ARNAUD, Marshal, Commander-in-chief."

Unofficial details of the landing have also arrived by the regular mails; and they give a lively idea of the magnitude of the enterprise and the spirit which has actuated all engaged in its prosecution. It appears that the French and Turkish fleet and transports were in readiness to sail from Baltchik on the 5th ; that they were not joined by the English fleet until the 8th ; and that then the three fleets sailed on in company for Cape Tarkan, the English outsteaming their allies. On the 8tb, a conference of the commanders was held on board the Caradoc ; and it was resolved to send a commission of generals to examine the coasts of the Crimea and determine on a landing-place. Accordingly, Generals Canrobert, Martimprey, Thierry, Bizot, and other French officers, in the Primaguet, and Lord Raglan, General Brown, and Sir John Burgoyne, in the Caradoc, accompanied by the Agamemnon and the Sampson, set out for the Crimea. They found a pretty extensive camp at Cape Cher- sonese, and observed the Russians in position on the liatelm and Alma rivers. Going up the coast, they remarked the facilities for landing af- forded by Eupatoria and Old Fort; and determined to seize the former, and land the troops at the latter. Meanwhile, the vast fleet had reached Cape Tarkan, and had there awaited the result of the exploration of the generals. From Tarkan they sailed on the 12th, but were retarded by a storm ; and on the 13th they arrived close upon the landing-place selected by the commanders. The three fleets took up their position off the coast early on the morn- ing of the 14th; English on the left, the French in the centre, and the Turks on the right, covering an expanse of nearly nine miles. The landing-place allotted to the English has been clearly described by the special correspondent of the Times. "The place selected for our landing is a low strip of beach and shingle cast up by the violence of the surf, and forming a sort of causeway between the sea and a stagnant salt-water lake, one of those remaikuble deposits of brackish water so frequent along this shore of the Crimea, and which abound close to our present quarters. The lake is about one mile long and half a mile broad ; and when we first arrived its borders and surface were fre- quented by vast flocks of wild-fowl. There is another sheet to the South of us, and there is another to the North, between our camp and Eupatoria. The causeway is not more than 200 yards broad ; and it leads, at the right or Southern extremity of the lake, by a gentle ascent, to an irregular table- land or plateau of trifling elevation, dotted with tumuli or barrows such as are seen in several parts of Englaud, and extending to the base of the very remarkable chain called, from their shape, the Tent Mountains. Towards the sea this plateau presents a precipitous face of red clay and sandstone, varying in height from 100 to 150 feet ; and it terminates by a descent al- most to the sea level, at the distance of nearly two miles from the shores of the lake. Thence towards the South there is a low sandy beach, with a fringe of shingle raised by the action of the waves above the level of the land, and saving it from inundation. This low coast runs as far as the eye can reach, till it is lost beneath the base of the mountain ranges over Sebas- topol. The country inland, visible from the decks of our ships, is covered with cattle, with grain in stack, with farm houses, and seems capable of producing enormous quantities of live stock and fodder."

From the decks of the ships were also visible Cossacks scouring the roads, herdsmen in the fields, country-people going to market, and "the post-carriage from Sebastopol to Odessa rolling leisurely along." At nine o'clock, the signal for the embarkation was made by the Agamem- non—a single black ball run up to the fore. The operations previously decided on were rapidly put in practice. The enemy offered no resist- ance. The boats assembled, not exactly in order, but in irregular groups, as might have been anticipated. The force to be landed consisted of the following divisions.

The Light Division, Sir George Brown—Second Battalion Rifle Brigade, .Seventh milkers, Nineteenth Regiment, Twenty-third Fusileers, Thirty- third Regiment, Seventy-seventh Regiment, Eighty-eighth Regiment, Br-- gather Major-General Codrington, and Brigadier-General Buller.

The First Division, under the Duke of Cambridge, includes the Grenadier, Coldstream, and Scots Fusileer Guards, under Major-General Bentinck, and the Forty-second, Seventy-ninth, and Ninety-third Highlanders, under Bri- gadier Sir C. Campbell.

The Second Division, under Sir Do L. Evans, consists of the Thirtieth, )fifty-fifth, and Ninety-fifth, under Brigadier-General Pennefathcr, and the Forty-first, Forty-seventh, and Forty-ninth, under Brigadier-General Adams. The Third Division, under Sir R. England, is composed of the First Royals, Twenty-eighth, Thirty-eighth, Forty-fourth, Fiftieth, and Sixty- eighth Regiments—Brigadiers Sir John Campbell and Eyre. (Fourth Regi- ment only six companies.) The Fourth Division, under Sir George Cathcart—the Twentieth Regi- ment, Twenty-first Regiment, Rifle Brigade, Second battalion, Sixty-third Regiment.

The Cavalry Division (Lord Lucan) is made up of the Fourth Light Dra- goons, Eighth Hussars, Eleventh Hussars, Thirteenth Light Dragoons, Se- venteenth Lancers, forming a Light Cavalry Brigade, under Lord Cardigan ; Fourth Dragoon Guards, Fifth Dragoon Guards, Sixth Dragoons, making the Heavy Cavalry Brigade, under Brigadier-General Scarlett.

The first British force to step on shore was a company of the Seventh Fusileers, under Lieutenant-Colonel Yea ; followed by the Second Batta- lion of the Rifle Brigade. But the whole of the Light Division got speedily on shore, and the other divisions followed with equal rapidity ; so that by twelve o'clock the beach was swarming with soldiers. The process of landing and the gallant exertions of the blue-jackets are graphi- cally described by the Times' correspondent. "A gig or cutter, pulled by eight or twelve sailors, with a paddle-box boat, fiat, or Turkish pinnace in tow, (the latter purchased for the service,) would come up alongside a steamer or transport in which troops were ready for disembarkation. The officers of each company first descended, each man in full dress. Over his shoulder was slung his havresack, containing what had been, ere it underwent the process of cooking, 41,1b. of salt meat and a bulky mass of biscuit of the same weight. This was his ration for three days. Besides this, each officer carried his greatcoat, rolled up and fastened in a hoop round his body, a wooden canteen to hold water, a small ration of spirits, whatever change of under-clothing he could manage to stow away, his forage-cap, and in most instances a revolver. Each private carried his blanket and greatcoat strapped up into a kind of knapsack, inside which was a pair of boots, a pair of socks, a shirt, and, at the request of the men them- selves, a forage-cap ; he also carried his water-canteen and the same rations as the officer, a portion of the mess cooking apparatus, firelock and bayonet of course, cartouch-box and fifty rounds of bail-cartridge for Minis, sixty rounds for smooth-bore arms.

" As each man came creeping down the ladder, Jack helped him along tenderly from rung to rung till he was safe in the boat ; took his &clock and stowed it away ; removed his knapsack and packed it snugly under the seat ; patted him on the back, and told him not to be afeerd on the water' ; treat- ed ' the sojer,' in fact, in a very kind and tender way, as though he were a large but not very sagacious pet, who was not to be frightened or lost sight of on any account ; and did it all so quickly, that the large paddle-box boats, containing one hundred men, were filled in five minutes. Then the latter took the paddle-box in tow, leaving her, however, in charge of a careful cox- swain, and the same attention was paid to getting the sojer ' on shore that was evinced in getting him into the boat ; the sailors, (half or wholly naked in the surf,) standing by at the bows, and handing each man and his accou- trement down the plank to the shingle, for fear he'd fall off and hurt him- sell': Never did men work better than our blue-jackets ; especially valuable were they with horses and artillery, and their delight at having a horse to hold and to pat all to themselves was excessive. When the gun-carriages stuck fast in the shingle, half a dozen herculean seamen rushed at the wheels, and, with a ' Give way, my lads—all together !' soon spoked it out with a run, and landed it on the hard sand. No praise can do justice to the willing labour of these fine fellows. They never relaxed their t fforts as long as man or horse of the expedition remained to be landed ; and many of them, officers as well as men, were twenty-four hours in their boats."

Meanwhile, Sir George Brown had been one of the first on shore ; and be was the first to meet with an adventure. A Russian officer had been observed on the heights all the morning, sketching and taking notes, ac- companied by a few Cossacks. They were within range of a Mime rifle, but ncbody molested them. At length the Cossacks were observed point- ing with their lances, and suddenly two cocked hats became visible on the cliff. Those hats, hs was shortly apparent, covered the heads of Sir George Brown and the new Quartermaster-General Airey. The Cos- sacks saw them, but they saw not the Cossacks ; and the picket in at- tendance was some way off. Suddenly the Cossacks dismounted, and disappeared in pursuit : but they were again speedily visible riding swiftly away, under fire of the Fusileers. They had attempted a rush at Sir George, but he had happily observed them in time. About mid-day the beach presented a striking spectacle. Generals were sitting on powder-barrels, staff-officers were waiting for their horses, medical men for their stores. The natives readily came in with provisions and carts ; and a deputation waited on Lord Raglan to beg for muskets and gunpowder. They also gave such information of the position and force of the enemy as they could. Towards nightfall, the divisions had taken up their positions; the Light Division on the left of the advance, going inland some miles; and the other divisions occupying posts from their right to the beach. During the day, sireteamers, three from each

fleet, proceeded Southward to shell a Russian poet .neae the sea, a few miles from Old Fort, The. Sampson alone pitcd her shellaramong the enemy, and dispersad.them. The landing of the French was begun about half past eight in the morn- ing, by the passage on shore of a man-of-war's, boat- having on hoer&

General Canrobert, and the erection of a flagstaff and tricolor, to cries of " Vive l'Empereur ! " The force to be disembarked was about 23,000 men ; and, commencing at eight o'clock, they had landed 6000 men in less

than half an hour. The instant a regiment had landed, skirmishers were

thrown out in all directions, covering the march of the troops. inland. " The landing," says a French official document, " was effected with

prodigious celerity and mathematical precision." At two o'clock, Mar- shal St. Arnaud left the deck of the Ville de Paris and went on shore ; the three divisions of the French army, eighteen guns, and- a squadron of Spahis, were landed in the course of the day.

The night of the I4th was dreadfully wet ; and the English troops, whose tents had not been landed, passed. the night without shelter. Ge- neral Brown and the Duke of Cambridge slept under carts tilted up; and General Evans was the, only officer whose tent had been. landed by his staff. The rain fell in torrents, penetrating the greatcoats and blankets

of the soldiers : the change of linen brought ashore was saturated, and fire was out of the question. Nevertheless, we have seen no cry of com- plaint, except from the comfort-loving correspondent of the Times, who

drearily mourns the absence of his hot grog at supper. The letters from officers speak lightly of the rain ; and some of them are so elated with the prospect of meeting the enemy, that they declare they were never so " jolly " in their lives. The French and Turks had landed their tents, and.had slept in comparative dryness. On the morning of the 15th, the surf tumbled heavily on the shore ; and for some time it was thought that it would be necessary to send the

guns and cavalry to Eupatoria : but as the wind abated at noon, the cavalry and guns were with great exertion put on shore. The process of landing was sufficiently difficult— "The paddle-box boats and flats are pulled by launches and cutters, under the command of naval officers, up to the ship to be discharged. A certain

number of the men get upon these horse-rafts, and their horses are lowered in order, one after the other, to the number of twelve or fourteen to each large flat, and of six or eight to each paddle-box boat, the latter being provided with temporary floorings for the reception of the horses. The troopers not required to hold the horses are stowed away in the-row-boats, and the little flotilla seta off on its voyage to land. It generally happens that some smart, active, little tug, commanded by a naval officer, rushes down on them ere

they have gone far—' makes fast'—adds them to a string of some six or eight other boats, and flutters off to the beach ; where she leaves them to

make the best of their way from the edge of the surf to terra firma. Ar- rived in the surf„ Jack leaps into the water, and by hauling, shaving, thump- ing, and kicking, manages to 'start ' the horaes down the inclined plane of planks half resting on the beach, half floating on the breakers, and to do the work of half-a-dozen soldiers.in his own wild quaint style. If the greatest care is not taken the floats will tilt over when they touch the ground, and no skill can prevent such a catastrophe at times. It was thus that some horses were lost; and the wonder is, when one-stands on the send and sees the violence of the billows, thatmany more accidents of the kind are not occurring momentarily."

On the same day, the 15th, the Times correspondent.describettone of the terrible incidents of war.

" Signal was made from the Emperor for all ships to send their sick on board the Kangaroo. In the course of the day, the last-named ship was sur- rounded by hundreds of boats laden with sick men, and the vessel was speedily crowded to suffocation. Before evening, she had about 1500 invalids in all stages of suffering on board. The scene is described as appalling—in fast, too

frightful for the details to be dwelt upon. When the time for sailing arrived, the Kangaroo hoisted the signal in reply to orders to proceed= It is at dan- gerous experiment.' The Emperor then signalled—' What do you, mean ? The reply was—' The ship is unmaaageable.' All the day she was lying with the signal up—' Send boats to assistance' ; and at last orders were

given to transfer some of her melancholy freight to other vessels also pro- ceeding to Constantinople. Many deaths occurred on board,. many miserable scenes took place ; but there is, alas! no use in describing them. It is clear, however, that neither afloat nor on shore is the medical staff nearly suffi- cient. I myself saw men dying on the beach, on the line of march, and in

bivouack, without any medical assistance ; and this within hail of a fleet of five hundred sail, and within sight of head=quarters! We want more sur- geons, both in the fleet and-in the army. Often-, too often, medical aid cannot be bad at all; and it frequently cores too. lute."

On the 16th, the principal officers of a neighbouring Tartar village— a perfect group of aldermanic persons—waited on Lord Raglan with their congratulations. A regular market was established, and provisions were regularly paid for. But the conduct of the Trench Spahis seemed likely to disturb these friendly relations ; for in the evening a squadron of them came up driving flocks of sheep, herds of cattle, their drovers and herds- men, before them,—plunder they had seized on a. foraging party. Some French marauders, also, sacked a village and outraged the inhabitants— at least so it is stated.

Some glimpses of persons now and then are afforded by the numerous letters in the journals. Here are a couple. " The men appeared hearty and cheerful, after the fatigues of the two pre- ceding nights. I happened to pass the Duke of Cambridge, for whom a rough kind of tent had been thrown up, Bitting outside it, and engaged very contentedly in discussing (sailorwise) a substantial junk of salt pork sur- mounting a hunch of brown bread. His Royal Highness looked every inch. a soldier, after his illness ; which he seems to have quite shaken off—every one hopes permanently. Lord Cardigan, who is the impersonation of vigour and activity, headed an exploring party, which penetrated a considerable dis- tance into the interior." • "The people were invited. to bring in supplies to the army, and were as- sured that they would be paid punctually fbr whatever we might have occa- sion for. They evinced the most friendly and trustful disposition, and have

willingly afforded every accommodation in their. power. From my own ob- servation, I am inclined to.think that they are a rather amiable and kindly-

disposed race. They have gladly given some of our officers lodging in these cottages and farm-houses. The Countess of Errol, who came on shore amid the plaudits of the army, was provided with comparatively cleanly and com- fortable quarters in one of their houses ; and their pecuniary charges are on a scale so moderate as to form an agreeable surprise after the systematio extotl- tion of our friends the Turks." An officer writes on the 15th in this manly fashion-

- It was quite dark when we readied our groand, [on the 14th,] and there was nothing but a little dry grass to attempt a fire with, and such as it was

it went out as soon as lighted ; 'so the men gave np the effort very soon, and lay down for the night. Few had mesa than thew greatcoata, and a fee a

blanket ; but, notwithatanding the rain which came on, we gat on wonder- fully well. I landed with nviolent cold, but I am happy to say it has en- tirely, left me. The next night a brother officer and myself bad a blanket stuck up with a firelook-and our swords, and slept under it very comfortably. yesterday we gotsaurtents, but nothing else. /, however,, brought a pair of saddle-bags on shore, as I have a second horse, and am, in consequence, in luxury compared with others. We cannot get water enough to wash. With the exception of a hurried tumble into the surf yesterday, I have had no sort of a wash since I landed.; so you may imagine what a mess I am. in."

The Jfaniteur of the Fleet gives the following summary of the- probable composition of the collective Russian force now in. the Crimea.

" 1st brigade of the 14th division, commanded by Major-General Shabobrinski, and comprising the regiment No. 27, Volhynia, Colo- nel Chrusheff, and the regiment No. 28, Minsk, Colonel Prihodirin ; say 8 battalions at. 1000 each 8,000 " 17th division (Major-GeneraI Loubimetl)', comprising the regi- ment of the line No. 33, Moscow, Major-General Kartyanoff, and the regiment No. 34; Busirsk, Colonel Feodoroff 8,000 " The regiment No. 33 of light infantry, Borodino, Colonel Ve- refkinshelusa, and the regiment No 34, ditto, Tarulin, Major-Ge- aeral Volkoff 8,000 " cesvereer.

" Second brigade of the 6th light division • the Hussar regiment No. 11, Kid (rand Duke NicholassMaximilinovitch), and No. 12, Ingermanland (Grand Duke of Saxe Weimar), Colonels Charletski and Batoviteh, say 16 squadrons 3,200

" cossecest

" An exact estimate is-difficult; we think we are near the mark

by putting them down as 20,000 "'YIELD ARTILLERY.

Seven garrison companies.. 1,400 Two light batteries. ..... . . 600— 3,200

20,500.

70,900 "We consider, then, that.70,000men.may have been the effective strength of the Russian troops in the Crimea at the moment our troops landed,. mid on the hypothesis thaereinforcements could not have arrived.

Le the lioniteur of Thursday is published a somewhat lengthy but interesting and instructive report from the military intendant of the Army of the East. The topics reported on are the arrangements made for hospitals, the provisioning of the troops, encampments, and transports. We subjoin that part of the report which relates- to the provisioning of the army.

"These wants being well -understood, I set about supplying them. freighted at Constantinople all the sailing and steam transports that could be found. I succeeded in getting a sufficient number of them, not merely for the first convoy, but in order to prepare for the second, so that it will be ready to sail the moment the steamers detached from the squadron shall come and fetch-them. Moreover,- I got the Admiral of the Ottoman squad- ron to take on-board his ship 450-tress 'of our-provisiome. Thanks to these means, the supplies-of preetsionfecakuhited-fir 30,000 'persons drawing -ra- tions are composed of- cuits5 days 25 days } Ration for a meal and for soup. Flour, 1

Rice, 45 daye. Rations at 90 grammes each. Salt, 55 days. Suear, 1 Coffee, 1.50 days, double ration.

Wine, 800,000 rations.

Brandy, 400;000 rations.

Salt provisions, 17 days: Fresh meat, 10 clays-

"Your Excellency wilt remark that the victualling in animal food is re- latively small. I could not possibly procure a greater quantity of salt meat. Not one of the vessels sent from the English and, French seaports had arrived before my departure. I hope some will reach Varna before my second con- voy put to sea. As for the fresh meat, I have not had shipped on board more than eight hundred oxen, because there were no ox-stalla on deck. However, I do not think we shall run short of meat. The navy is to supply me with salted meats for twelve days. We shall then have provisions for thirty-nine days; now, thirty-nine days after the landing, we shall surely by that time hare received the second convoy. Besides, the question of Sebastopol will be decided, and it is probable that we shall find cattle by that time for sale in the Crimea.

"The fodder question was the most difficult to be resolved in a satisfactory manner ; neither has it been, except in so far as barley is concerned. Not only is the hay difficult-to send for an expedition of this nature' but we had very little of it at *Varna. The greatest part of what was therehas been dis- tributed to the deck-stalls and stables. There is- hardly enough left for a week in the convoy, but there is barley for about forty days, taking the ra- tion at five kilogrammes. I hope we shall find hay and' straw in the Crimea. The commission sent by the Marshal to reconnoitre the coasts saw plenty of haystacks not very fa; off from the place of landing. If the Russians have net destroyed Oda precious 'resource, it will remove the only serious diffi- culty of the expedition in a commissariat point of view. This difficulty will always exist, AL le Ministre, wherever forage cannot be procured in the countries oceupied.by-the army. The transports by sea are so slow, so un- certain, on account: of the two straits they have to sail through, that, de- spite the great resources derived frees Algeria, and which your Excellency placed at my disposal—despite those, equally important, which I have col- lected on various. points. of Turkey, I am always exposed to a scarcity of hay,

" We only saved seven field-ovens from the fire at Varna. I take them with me : the army will then, from the first opening of the campaign, be able to receive bread every third day. I carry with me, besides, iron and baking-materials for making twenty ovens. A ship laden with bricks, ano- ther with boards and posts, are in the convoy. Besides these, several ships have bricks in ballast.

"The probable spot for landing is completely bare. No wood is to be seen for a certain distance around. I had to. foresee the case, in which the resistance of the enemy would not permit our divisions to take up. imme- diately their positions on the wooded grounds. I conaequently had some ships in the convoy laden witls 6000 cwt, of firewood."

FaeNat.—TheEmperor terminated his atty, in the camp of the. Army of the North in a characteristic foehisee On Satueday he reviewed the whole of the troops, in the presence of the Empress, who rode a dapple greyAndalusian charger. After the review, the troops were formed into a hollow square; and:ttie Emperor, PeStieg, himselti,li. the, centre, delivered the following address.

The navy will not supply any. "Soldats!—Te vous quitte ; mais pour revenir bieutte juger par moimeme de vos progres et de votre perseverance.

"La creation du camp du Nord, vous le saves, a en pour but de rapproeber nos troupes du littoral, afin qu'unies plus promptement a celles de I'Angle- terre, elles se portent partout oe l'honneur des deux nations en ferait un devoir. Il a etc tree pour montrer a ''Europe que, sans degarnir aucun point de rinterieur, nous pouvions faeilement rassembler pros de cent mille hommes de Cherbourg a St. Omer. Il a eV; tree pour vous habituer aux exereices militaires, aux marches, aux fatigues, et, croyez-moi, rien n'egale pour le soldat cette vie en commun et en plain air qui apprend a se eonnaitre et it resister a rintemperie des raisons. " Sans doute, le sejour du camp sera rigoureux pendant l'hiver ; male ie compte sur lea efforts de chacun pour is rendre profitable 5. toes. La patrie d'ailleurs reclame de chacun de nous un contours actif ; lea uns proessgent la Grace centre 'Influence funeste de la Russia; les autres maineennent 5, Rome rindependance du St. Pere ; lea autres affermissent et etendent noire domination en Afrique ; d'autres enfin plantent, peut-etre aujourd'hui meme, nos aiglea sur les murs de Sebastopol. Eli Bien ! vous qu'excitent de si nobles examples, et dont une division vient de s'illustrcr par la prise de Bomarsund, vous serez d'autant plus capables de contribuer pour votre part a rceuvre commune que vous serez plus aguerris aux travaux de la guerre. " Ce sol classique que vous foulez aux pieds a deja forme des heros ; cette colonne elevee par nos pores rappelle de bien greeds souvenirs, et Is statue qui hi surmonte semble, par un hasard providentiel, indiquer la route a. suivre. Voyez cette statue de l'Empereur ; elle s'appuie sur l'Occident et menace ''Orient. De 11, en effet, le danger pour is civilisation modern ; de noire cote, le rempart pour in defendre.

"Soldats ! vous serer dignes de votre noble mission."

This speech was heard in profound stillness, and followed by shoats of " Vive rEmpereur !"

On Sunday the Emperor and Empress returned to Paris.

The Moniteur of Wednesday contained the following announcement of the fact that the Emperor of Austria had congratulated the Emperor of the French on the victories of the Allies in the Crimea-

" His Majesty the Emperor of Austria has charged Baron do Hubner to convey to the Emperor of the French his sincere congratulations for the bril- liant success of his arms in the Crimea, and to and that he most heartily joins in all the hopes connected with it."

The Emperor of the French has forwarded the following letter to the Minister of the Interior; dated St. Cloud, October 3.

" Monsieur is Ministre—The following extract from a letter of Barbee has been communicated to me. A prisoner who preserves, in spite of long suf- ferings, such patriotic sentiments, cannot, under my reign, remain in prison. Cause him, therefore, to be set at liberty immediately, and without condi- tions. Whereupon, I pray God to have you in his holy keeping. NAPO- LEON."

The extract alluded to is in these words- " I crave victories for the French. Yes, yea! let them thrash those Cos- sacks; and the cause of civilization, with that of the world, will gain all the more by it. Like thyself, I could have wished we had not had war ; but since the sword is drawn, it must not return to its scabbard without glory. This glory will do the nation good ; she wants it more than anybody. Ever since Waterloo we have been the conquered in Europe ; and to do something good, even at home, I think it is useful to show strangers that we know how to smell powder. I pity our party if Were are any of us that think differently. Alas ! all that was wanting was for us to lase the moral feeling, after losing so many other things."

GERMANY.—The Prussian Government has replied to the Austrian cir- cular of the 14th, by a despatch from Baron Manteuffel, dated the 91st September, addressed to Count Arnim, the Prussian Envoy at Vienna, and by him communicated to Count Buol.

Baron Manteuffel describes the lively satisfaction with which the King his master received the Austrian explanations; explanations in which he sees "an essential step forwards towards an understanding between both Powers," which he thinks are "calculated to bring forth the basis of a new manifestation of the unanimity of all federal allies." Accepting the fact of the evacuation of the Principalities as the setting aside of the danger of a conflict between Austria and Russia, the Prussian Govern- ment hints that the interests of Germany would be essentially forwarded "if the Danubian Principalities be excluded from the territories accessible for military operations." Seeing in the evacuation of the Principalities a proof of the compulsive force of the treaty of April 20, the Prussian Government desires to give validity to that policy by seeing that treaty confirmed in a binding manner by the Diet, "so that Russia, so long as Austria does not attack her, shall not make an inroad of war against the Imperial territory for her occupation of the Principalities without finding all Germany united with Austria." But the Prussian. Government desires to see "foreign elements" excluded from the occupation of the Danubian Principalities; and it does not see in the Austrian circular of the 14th any guarantee in this respect for German interests. The pith of the cir- cular is contained in the following paragraphs-

" Besides, we have not been enabled to see clearly hitherto in how far the Principalities will be speedily closed against military operations by the Aus- trian occupation, and whether the same may henceforth be employed as a point of departure for attacks upon Russian territory by others than Aus- trian troops ; so that Russian troops might not also be brought into collision with that portion of the Imperial Austrian force which occupies the Prin- cipalities, when repulsing an attack upon the defensive position assumed by Russia. Through an eventuality of this nature, the tranquillity which Germany has derived from the assurances of Austria and Prussia as regards the setting aside of the danger of contlict between the two empires, would, suffer a prejudice which must lead to the weighing of the importance of German local interests, to be protected on the Lower Danube by the entry of Austrian troops into the Principalities, against general Germau interests, which would find its expression tn the question of Gerniany's participation in a general war. "We should consider the interests which Germany has in that vicinity as fully secured under the exclusive protection of Imperial troops; and we doubt not that the Imperial Government shares in this our view : but it is not in our power to overlook in how far the state of things permits the practical carrying out of the same to appear possible to the Imperial Government. We shall be thankful if the Imperial Cabinet will complete, by some eluci- dations in regard to the points at present mooted, the materials which it has already furnished us for the estimation of German interests protected by the occupation of the Principalities."

The Prussian Government is of opinion that no practical good would arise from a decision with respect to "the four points" by the Diet ; but should the Diet think, otherwise, it is hinted that the King of Frusaia would be best pleased if the Diet would "express its readiness to 344 the weight of its moral support in favour of the four points, as soon as a

new opportunity should offer for introducing negotiations upon the beide of the same.

Sesisr.—Queen Christina has addressed a letter to her daughter, from Bayonne, urging the services she has rendered to constitutional liberty in Spain ; complaining bitterly of the treatment she has received ; pleading long and eloquently for a trial ; and magnanimously insisting that Queen Isabella should forget the daughter and remember only that she is a Queen ! Carlists have begun to show themselves in Catalonia ; and it is affirmed that the Count de Montemolin has issued a manifesto to the Spanish people.

CANADA.—Mr. Morin, a member of the new Administration, under the leadership of Sir Allan M'Nab, made explanations to the Assembly, on the 11th September, on behalf of his colleagues. He announced that the new Cabinet would be ready to proceed at once with the seculariza- tion of the Clergy Reserves, the ratification of the Reciprocity Treaty, the adjustment of the Seignorial Tenure question, the reduction of the Customs-duties, and the assimilation of the Municipal Laws of Lower Canada to those of Upper Canada. The present belief is that the Coali- tion Ministry can command a largo vote in the House ; a majority of some forty is calculated upon.

INDIA AND Cursa.—The despatches by the overland mail arrived on Sunday, bringing papers from Bombay to the 30th August. There is no news of any importance; and the bulk of what is communicated relates to the alleged negotiations between Dost Mohamed, the Herat chief, and the Persians. The Khans of Herat, Khiva, and Bokhara, are all described as courting an alliance with the ruler of Cabul ; the Herat people to ob- tain restitution of some territory taken from them by the chiefs of Candahar, and the Khiva and Bokhara rulers to prevent them from fall- ing either under the sway of the Russians or the Persians. The latter had assembled a strong force at Merw. It is stated that the English will not interfere in these disputes, unless it should be necessary to prevent the Persians from joining the Russians.

The chief news from China, which extends to the 6th August, is that the insurgents had been so successful in the neighbourhood of Canton that it was daily expected that the city would fall into their hands.

Ausresuss..—The Morning Chronicle of yesterday contained the follow- ing comprehensive information on "the interesting employment of con- stitution-making upon which the Australian Legislatures have recently been engaged." "The results of their deliberations were transmitted to this country in the course of last summer ; but as the Victoria Act was not received till the 31st of May—and as it was obviously desirable that laws framed on such subjects by colonies whose circumstances were so nearly identical should be considered together—it was deemed expedient to reserve the whole question for the next session of the Imperial Parliament. It will then be matter of inquiry whether the proceedings of the Colonial Legislatures can be re- garded as faithful expressions of the feelings of their constituents, and whe- ther, if this should be decided in the affirmative, there is any paramount reason which ought to prevent acquiescence in those arrangements which they have considered best suited to the peculiarities of the provinces which they represent. * • * * * From the papers recently laid before Par- liament, it appears that the Legislature of New South Wales is apprehensive of evasion of customs-duties on articles brought across the frontier from Vic- toria and South Australia. The Executive Council of the province has taken the alarm—customhouses with proper establishments are to be maintained, and the magistrates and police located on the frontier are to be requested to render every assistance in their power to the collectors in the protection of the re- venue. This move on the part of the Sydney authorities was met by the late Lieutenant-Governor of South Australia, who suggested in a despatch ad- dressed to the Secretary for the Colonies, a more economical and con- venient' mode of levying duties on river-borne commodities ; but, in the absence of a Federal Government, it appears unlikely that the separate Le- gislatures will readily agree on either plan. We earnestly hope that these proceedings are not to be regarded as the commencement of a war of tariffs between the two colonies. On the impediments which will be thrown in the way of commerce, and the injury which will thus result to each pro- vince by the maintenance of customhouse lines between the two, it must be unnecessary for us to dilate ; and as the difficulty of establishing a Zoll- verein will increase with each year, the matter ought to receive the earliest attention. If not as a controlling, at least as a mediating power, the Im- perial Parliament may with advantage interfere, to arrest a course which cannot fail to produce dissension and embarrassment hereafter. " Returning, however, from this digression to our original subject, we pro- pose to notice briefly some of the principal points of difference in the consti- tutions which have received the approval of the Provincial Legislatures. All these agree in desiring two separate Chambers ; and all adopt the ordinary Colonial designations, ' Legislative Council' and House of Assembly — though, for a time, the more classical term Senate' was in favour at Vic- toria as a substitute for the former. There is, however, a great difference in the manner in which it is proposed that the three Legislative Councils should be constituted. At Victoria, the principle of popular election has been approved, the qualifications required from electors being the possession of a freehold estate worth 10001. or annually returning 1001., a leasehold in- terest of corresponding value, a degree obtained from any University in the British dominions, the exercise of one of the learned professions, or a com- mission in the Queen's service. So far, we have a very liberal educational franchise ; but, not content with this, the fastidious colonists proceed, by express enactment, to exclude every person who may attain the age of twenty-one two years or more after the passing of the Act, unless he shall be able to read and write.' The Legislature of Adelaide, on the other hand, adheres So the nominee system, inserting, at the same time, a clause which will enable a majority consisting of two- thirds of the Lower House—with the Royal sanction, but without the assent of the Legislative Council—to substitute election for nomination, after a trial of nine years has shown the practical working of the constitution as at present framed. At Sydney, a very similar plan has ultimately been adopted, in place of the more complex one originally suggested by dlr. Wentworth. The only observable difference is that the nominees first appointed are, in New South Wales, to retain their seats for five years only, while all subse- quently selected will hold their positions for life; and that in South Aus- tralia all, without exception, are to be included in the latter category. " In the standards of qualification both for members and electors, the schemes submitted by the Colonial Legislatures differ widely. In New South Wales, a freehold estate of the value of 1001., a leasehold yielding 10/. an- nually, a Government licence to depasture lands within the district, a salary of 1001. a year, or an annual payment of 401. for board and lodging, or of 101. for lodging only, are required. In Victoria, the requisite value of freehold estate is to be only 50/., and the annual return from leasehold property the same as before; and the franchise is also extended to all 101. occupiers, as well as to recipients of salaries amounting to 1001. a year, and to legal occupiers of waste lands belonging to the Crown—subject, however, in every case, to. the test of literary ability which has. been mentioned. The scale adopted in South Australia is, as might be expected, much-lower. A freehold bf the value of 201., the occupation of a dwelling-house worth fit a year, and the possession of a leasehold worth 10/. a year, are the'only qualifications ape- cified in the Colonial Act. In the first-mentioned colony, and the last; the qualifications of electors and members of the Lower Mouse are to -be the same • but in Victoria the possession of a freehold estate of the value of 20001" in fee simple,, or 2001. annually, is in the latter case. required. For the Legislative Council, freehold ,estate of the value of 50001,, sterling, or 5001. a year, is proposed as the standard of eligibility in Victoria ; but the other two colonies, having left the nomination in the hands bf the Crown, abstain from laying down any regulation on the subject of pecuniary lifieation.

" In addition to the distinction which has just been mentioned, it is pro- posed that the province of Victoria should be divided into six districts for the purposes of elections to the Legislative Council, and thirty-seven for elections to the Mouse of Assembly. The tenure of seats isalso to be very different. In the Upper Chamber, one member is to retire at the expiration of each bien- nial period, while in the lower there is to be an entire reelection every five years. Omitting, therefore, minor distinctions, it will eppearthat the Legis- lature of Melbourne has availed itself of every hint which bas been suggested for the purpose of making the two Chanibers really indePend- ent, and securing that which may be justly termed the .conservative element in the proposed constitution. It would be easy to raise theo- retical objections against the precise plan which has been adopted ; but we believe that, in its practical working, it is likely to have great advantages over the others with which we have contrasted it. "