fortign an Colantal.

$raurr.—The process of disarmament has already been begun in France ashore and afloat. The Minister of War has addressed an order to all colonels of regiments to send home all soldiers whose leave of absence had been recalled at the declaration of war against Austria, and likewise all those who are entitled by their services to leave of absence for six months. The Minister of 'War has at the same time given orders to generals commanding military divisions and subdivisions to place any soldiers who wish to be so employed at the disposal of the farmers, who may require them for getting in the harvest. The Moniteur of Wed- nesday announced the dissolution of the army of observation on the Rhine as an army ; but the troops at Chalons and Helfaut will remain there. The Patric has reason to know that "the Minister of Marine has for some days past sent orders to the different porta relative to the disarmament of a portion of our fleet."

The Monikar de /a Floae of Thursday announced that orders have been given at the different ocean ports to proceed immediately with the disarmament of all vessels armed or in course of arming. These orders are already being executed, and vessels which were in the roads have put back to the different ports. The disarmament has also commenced at Toulon. Orders have been given to disband all sailors who have served five years. The Emperor has had conferences with the Duke de Grammont, M. de Bourqueney, and M. Desambrois.

The Emperor, it is said, talks of nothing but agricultural subjects, and ponders over the system of irrigation operation in Lombardy. The Marquis do Banneville lately carried an autograph letter from the French Emperor to the Emperor of Austria, strongly, it is said, urging the latter to assist him in imposing a reforming policy on the sovereigns of Italy. Prince Richard Metternich is now on his way to Paris with the Austrian answer. It is asserted that the French Emperor, at the audience granted to the Tuscan Ambassadors, advised the reed of the hereditary Prince to Florence, his restoration to be ac- companied by the granting of a constitution to the country.

Si 1111--There is great activity in all the Italian States affected by the late war; but from Venetia, where Austria still reigns, comes not one word to tell either of action or inaction.

All the Plenipotentiaries—De Bourqueney and Do Banneville for France, Cottoned° and Meysenburg for Austria, Desambrois for Sardinia are on the wing for Zurich, whither they are to arrive today or tomorrow. The partisans of the dethroned Dukes are eagerly diplomatising, the most conspicuous effort in their behalf being that of Count Reiset, who is described as " special envoy of the Emperor Napoleon for the purpose of bringing about the restoration of the Grand Duke of Tuscany and the Duke of Modena " ; who has had an interview with Victor Emmanuel at

Turin, and who shortly goes to Florence. Colonel Cypriani has been chosen dictator in the Romagna. On his retirement from the functions of Extraordinary Commissioner, the Marquis d'Azeglio issued a procla- mation announcing his recall, and recommending the people to remain tranquil, and promising, in the name of King Victor Emmanuel, to employ every means possible to obtain the concurrence of the European Governments for accomplishing their just and reasonable wishes. . In Tuscany Ricasoli succeeds Buoncompagni, who has departed. In Modena Signor Farini, accepting the Dictatorship, issues the following address.

"Citizens—You have given me a remarkable testimony of affection and confidence. I am very much moved by it, and if God shall aid me I will prove my gratitude to you. Belonging entirely to Italy, I shall belong en- tirely to you, who in defending your own right defend that of the nation.

" I accept the temporary power in order that I may immediately convoke the popular assemblies to whom it appertains to establish power on the legi- timate basis of the national will, upon which are founded the powerful and glorious empire of France, the government of noble and free England, and other States.

"I shall shortly restore to the representatives of the people, the authority which I derive from your affection and the votes of the municipal bodies.

" In the meantime I shall maintain order rigidly ; I shall guarantee liberty to all ; I shall give additional force to military regulations ; I shall increase the armaments.

"We non' know each other. Within no one will seditiously attack the con- cord, the honour, and the tranquillity of the country ; if any one did so he would not remain unpunished. Civilized Europe will not permit attacks from without. Let the conquered followers of the foreigner menace us, and I shall resolutely employ all the means at my disposal to defend the national independence. "Fellow citizens, we arenow the soldiers of the national honour and dignity in Central Italy. FARINI." General Garibaldi has addressed to his soldiers in Central Italy the following proclamation : "Italians of the Centre—It is only a few months since we said to the Lombards, Your brothers of all the provinces have sworn to conquer and to die with us,' and the Austrians know whether we have kept our word. "To-morrow we shall say to you what we said then to the Lombards, and the noble cause of our country will find you drawn up on the field of battle, as eager as we were before, and with the imposing aspect of men who have done and will do their duty. " Returned to your homes, forget not, amidst the embraces of those who are dear to you, the gratitude which we owe to Napoleon and to the heroic French nation, whose brave sons, wounded and mutilated, still suffer on the bed of pain for the cause of Italy. "Above all, forget not that, whatever may be the intentions of European diplomacy as regards our destinies, we must not abandon our sacred motto, 'Italy and Victor Emmanuel.'

" Lovere, Val-Camonica, July 23, 1859."

The Bologna Gazette publishes a declaration which is being signed in the Romagna, to the effect that those provinces have shaken off the Papal yoke, never to return under it again, and that it is their wish to be annexed to Sardinia. This document is addressed to the Emperor of the French and the King of Sardinia.

A correspondent of the Univers gives the following as the substance of the Pope's answer to the Emperor Napoleon's propositions, conveyed by M. Menneval, respecting the Italian Confederation : " Pius IX. thanks the Emperor of the French for the interest which he unceasingly displays for the Holy See and the person of the Pope. He re- gards as an instance of the Emperor's filial devotion the proposition relative to the honorary presidency of a Confederation or Italian league, and he would not refuse that post without having the most ample information re- specting the engagements which would result from it, and the relations which would exist between him and the various Italian sovereigns. When he has procured such information, he will be enabled to see whether Ca- tholic interests permit him to accept it. And in that case the pacification of Italy and the return of its rebellious provinces will naturally have to precede the establishment of that Confederation and of the honorary presidency." We read of another meeting of Cardinals, and some talk of a new Roman Ministry. The King of Sardinia sets out tomorrow for Milan, taking with him all his Ministers. Signor Ratazzi's circular to the governors of provinces is not very definite, but we infer from it that it is the precursor of the restoration of the constitution, and letters from Turin confirm that view. They state that "decrees will soon be published to put the constitution again in force. The present Chambers, in all probability, will not be again called together ; there will be a dissolution, and then a general election, simultaneously in Lombardy and in the States of Piedmont."

• The Conatitutionnel has rudely reproached Italy with ingratitude. We read in the telegrams from Milan that "the ladies of Milan have opened a subscription for erecting a marble monument in honour of the Empress Eugenie, on which will be inscribed the gratitude and the hopes of Italy—' Exprimant la reconnaissance et Pesperance d'Italie.' " The Piedniontese Gazette has published a decree relative to the erection, at the expense of the State, of a monument at Solferino, which will be a me- morial of the victories of the allied armies and a lasting testimony to the gratitude of the Italians to the French army commanded by the Emperor Napoleon III., who so heroically imperilled himself for the cause of Italian independence in the memorable battle of the 24th of June.

The first act of the King on emerging from the grand mourning was, on Sunday last, to visit the cathedral church of St. Januarius, the patron saint of Naples, and to venerate his relics.

A body of 50,000 French troops will, it is said, remain in Italy, oc- cupying Rome, Parma, Modena, and Milan. The Austrians have re- duced their army in Venetia by 25,000 men only.

- P 111g1111.—The Emperor of Austria has dissolved the Central Mili- tary Chancelry, and has placed the Archduke Albert at the head of the War Department. The Archduke William fills the office of Commander- in-Chief; he is the head of the Austrian Horse Guards. The members of the late Military Chancelry are accused of favouritism, and of keeping back capable officers, like Benedek, who are of plebeian birth. The Perth Evangelical reports that the Roman Catholic clergy, in- sisting upon the Concordat, have prohibited, through the local magis- trates, the funeral chants and sermons of the Lutherans at the cemetery hitherto common to Catholics and Protestants. The Lutherans have found in the " non-united Greeks" good friends. This body has deter- mined to receive " willingly and in all friendliness the bodies of all be-

longing to the Lutheran community into our cemetery, until such time as their own shall be established."

turbiu-eljina.—Intelligence from Cochin China received vial Manilla, tells of loss sustained by the allied forces, and great sickness prevailing. The natives fight bravely, and it is said that the French admiral has applied for strong reinforcements, and meanwhile is content to hold his position.

2 11 Ili 8.—The fuller despatches from Calcutta, under date June 18, report some facts of interest. The rebel sepoys in Nepaul are reduced to great distress, and the Begum and other leaders have made overtures of surrender. The Oude police, supported by Sikhs and a few European infantry and artillery, keep watch on the frontier. The threatened dis- turbances in the Deccan have been frustrated by Lord Elphinstone's prompt despatch of European troops to Hyderabad. " An order has been issued reducing all native armed corps of the line, the Loodianah and Ferozepore regiments, the Sirmoor, Kumaon, and Nus- scree battalions, the Kumaon levy, and the Ghoorka regiment to ten coin; panies of seventy men each. The levies are reduced to 600 men, and the ir- regular cavalry to 420 men per corps. This reduction, which will ultimately amount to a fourth of the strength, is extended to Bombay and Madras, and as far as it goes is beneficial. There is a rumour that the military police are to be abolished, but as yet it requires confirmation. The Bengal police number 10,000 men, and have never been placed under military law. Discipline, therefore, is impossible, as any man aggrieved can take up his shoes and start for his own village without risk of apprehension as a deserter. The Oude police, too, are in danger. The officials dislike them, and the natives declare them as bad as the old chuckladaree troops. The volunteer guard of Calcutta, raised by the European inhabitants during the mutinies, has been dissolved by the Governor-General, but a despatch has since, it is reported, arrived, directing the Government of India to form all Europeans into a militia, capable of acting on an emergency, and practised in the use of the Enfield rifle. The measure, if carried out with due attention to local circumstances and modes of business, will not be unpopular. No money, I am informed, has for some days been paid into the open loan, and the Five per Cents continue at 14 discount."

A telegram from Men, dated July 17, reporting the substance of the Bombay mails of the 5th, contains the following shocking statement.

" The disaffection among the late Company's -European troops is on the increase. At Berhampore they are in open mutiny, have intrenched them- selves in the barracks, and elected officers. The Madras Fusileers have

followed the example of the Bengal troops. A general order has been pub- lished, to the effect that every non-commissioned officer and soldier in the three Presidencies who enlisted for the East India Company's forces shall,, if he desires it, be allowed to take his discharge under the provisions of the Act 10th and 11th Victoria, cap. 38. The 5th European Regiment, at Ber- hampore, are for the present excluded from the operation of this order."

Journal of St Petersburg, in an official statement re- ferring to the reports that the terms of peace granted by the French Emperor were more favourable than those which the neutral Powers were willing to grant, distinctly avers that "the preliminaries of peace between the belligerents were already signed before the principle of mediation which formed the object of negotiations between the neutral Powers was definitely agreed upon."

There was a great naval review at Cronstadt on the 23d July, in the presence of the Emperor Alexander. They mustered twenty-one men- of-war, including seven line-of-battle ships, and many gun-boats. A large proportion of the fleet consists of steamers.

Wi t Irrlatt IL—The Federal Assembly, before it broke up, adopted a law against the enrolment of Swiss in foreign service. The law forbas the entry as a special corps into the military service of foreign States under penalty of imprisonment for one to three months, and one to five years' loss of civil rights. Enroleurs, and all persons cooperating with them, will be punished by imprisonment of two months to three years' duration, a fine not exceeding 1000 francs, and five to ten years' loss of civil rights.

gnitft silif5.—The Hungarian arrived at Liverpool on Tuesday with advices from New York to the 23d July.

The question of naturalization has attracted much attention. & man named Ernst, a native of Hanover, returning to his native land after naturalization in America, has been draughted into the service and com- pelled to do military duty. The United States Government has given instructions peremptorily to demand his release, and has also caused similar requisitions to be made upon all the German Governments which have arrested American citizens and forced them to serve. If the Germans refuse to comply with these demands, as there is every reason to suppose they will, diplomatic relations are to cease, and the further remedy is to be left with Congress.

The most interesting item of news, however, is that Mr. Sickles is re- conciled to his erring wife. He has signified the fact to the public in the following remarkable and manly letter, addressed to the New York Herald.

" New York, July 19, 1859.

"Through the course of sad events which during the last few months have brought so much affliction upon my family, I have been silent. No amount of misrepresentation affecting myself only could induce me now to open my lips ; nor could I deem it worth while under any circumstances to noticewhat has been or can be said injournals never regarded as the sources or the exponents of public opinion, for in these it is too often obvious that only unworthy motives prompt the most vindictive assaults upon the private life of citizens holding public stations. But the editorial comments in the Herald of yesterday, although censorious (of which I do not com- plain, whilst I read them with regret), differ so widely in tone and temper from the mass of nonsense and calumny which has lately been written con- cerning a recent event in my domestic relations, that I cannot allow a mistake, into which you have been led by inaccurate information, to pass without such a correction as will relieve others from any share of the reproaches which it is the pleasure of the multitude at this moment to heap upon me and mine.

" Referring to the forgiveness which my sense of duty and my feelings impelled me to extend to an erring and repentant wife, you observe, in the course of your temperate and dignified article, that, ' It is said, however, that the last phase of the affair was brought about through the advice of his lawyers.' This is entirely erroneous. I did not exchange a word with one of my counsel upon the subject, nor with any one else. My re- conciliation with my wife was my own act, done without consultation with any relative, connection, friend or adviser. Whatever blame, if any be-

longs to the step, should fall alone upon me. I am prepared to defend what I have done before the only tribunals I recognize as saving the slightest claim to jurisdiction over the subject—my own conscience and the bar of Heaven. I am not aware of any statute, or code of morals, which makes it infamous to forgive a woman ; nor is it usual to make our domestic life a aubjeet of consultation with friends, no matter how near and dear to us. And I cannot allow even all the world combined to dictate to me the re- pudiation of my wife, when I think it right to forgive her, and restore her to my confidence and protection. "If I ever failed to comprehend the utterly desolate position of an offending though penitent woman—the hopeless future, with all its dark possibilities of danger, to which she is doomed when proscribed as an out- cast—I can now see plainly enough, in the almost universal howl of de- nunciation with which she is followed to my threshold, the misery and perils from which I have rescued the mother of my child. And although it is very sad for me to incur the blame of friends and the reproaches of many .wise and good people, I shall strive to prove to all who feel any interest in me, that if I am the first man who has ventured to say to the world, an erring wife and mother may be forgiven and redeemed, that in spite of all the obstacles in my path the good results of this example shall entitle it to the imitation of the generous and the commendation of the just. "There are many who think that an act of duty, proceeding solely from affections which can only be comprehended in the heart of a husband and a father, is to be fatal to my professional, political, and social standing. If this be so, then so be it. Political station,. professional success, social re- cognition, are not the only prizes of ambition; and I have seen enough of the world in which I have moved, and read enough of the lives of others, to teach me that, if one be patient and resolute, it is the man himself who indicates the place he will occupy; and so long as I do nothing worse than to reunite my family under the roof where they may find shelter from contumely and persecution, I do not fear the noisy but fleeting voice of popular clamour. The multitude accept their first impressions from a few ; but in the end men think for themselves, and if I know the human heart— and sometimes I think that in a career of mingled sunshine and storm I have sounded nearly all its depths—then I may reassure those who look with reluctant forebodings upon my future to be of good cheer, for I will not cease to vindicate a just claim to.the respect of my fellows ; while to those motley groups, here and there, who look upon my misfortunes only as weapons to be employed for my destruction, to those I say, once for all, if a man make a good use of his enemies they will be as serviceable to him as his friends.

"In conclusion, let me ask only one favour of those who, from what- ever motive, may deem it necessary or agreeable to comment in public or private upon this sad history ; and that is, to aim all their arrows at m3, breast, and for the sake of my innocent child to spare her yet youthful mother, while she seeks in sorrow and contrition the mercy and the pardon of Him to whom, sooner or later, we must all appeal.

" Very respectfully,