,farrtatt nut' Cranial.

FRANCIL—The President's Government has met a repulse in its poise. cation of the press. The Court of Assizes of the Seine has acquitted the responsible editor of La Pre-sse from a charge of political offence made by the public prosecutor. The other newspapers of the capital raise a chorus of rejoicings and congratulations to La _Preen' and of thanks to the Pari- sian jury who have checked the prosecutor in his severe application of the "Draconian law." On the other hand, the London correspondent of the Dada News writes that he has serious reasons for believing that the French Government con- templates the impeachment, for treason, of M. Schoelclaer and the other forty-five National Representatives who subscribed to Mazzini's Italian loan. The Government organ the Petrie argues, that this loan is intended to be spent in rebellion, massacre, pillage, fire, and the destruction of the Pope's authority but French soldiers are upholding the Pope; and in defending him they will be shot . down by balls bought with the gold of Mazzini'a loan, contributed by French Representatives. Thus 31. Schrelcher and the others are amenable to the French law of. treason ! The same writer in the Daily News states that Lord Palmerston has seriously taken up the cause of those multitudes of our travelling fellow.. subjects who wear Scotch plaids, either in the national way of true Cale- donians, or in the mode of a scarf. The French Government finds that these plaids are fraudulently smuggled to an immense extent -limier pre- tence of bodily vrear, and it seizes all on which duty is not paid : where- upon Lord' Palmerston has sent a " long and elaborate despatch" on the subject. The Paris press has much occupied itself with lord Palmerston's speech to his Ilverton constituents. The Journal' des De'lmts frankly and without drawback acknowledges, that Lord Palmerston could. well say with a just sentiment of national pride, that what foreigners had most admired in London was the triumph of order in the midst of liberty. No soldiers, swords, or bayonets, but only the few "bits of stick "-- `mostly kept out of sight"—in the. hands of policemen, who were more oecupied with assisting visitors than with controlling them. The secret, says the Journal des Debuts, lies in the- fact that England effected her revolution two centuries back. -" Lord Palmerston for once departed from his usual plan of saying harm of every one : we ask for nothing better than to feli- citate him- on the happiness of his country; wishing the same for our own." In the. ConstitutWnnel, Dr. Veron, the indefatigable servant of the Ely- see, sees very little truth in Lord Palmerston's national glorification. It is true that the policeman preserves order " with his bit of wood," but that does not result from the superiority of English institutions to the institutions of all other countries. France, for instance, is of all coun- tries that whose institutions offer the least pretext for revolutions : she has no privileged aristocracy ; and her soil, instead of being monopolized by thirty or forty thousand families, is enjoyed by eleven millions of landowners. So also in none of the French cities arethere seen such dis- gusting rags as in London;- No, it is not the institutions of the Eng- lish, but the moral sense of the 'English, not perverted by a series of tri- umphant insurrections, which preserves society in England. The Slide protesta against the morals, " against France and against the Republic," which the Legitimist and Bonapartist organs draw from Lord Palmerston's picture,; and declares, that though England has rendered immense services to civilization, she has done it eelfishly—" for money, in fact." England reforms herself to please herself, and the nations sometimes admire, often applaud, but never stir : but let France arise in behalf of right, and all the nations rise with her ; because she claims it in behalf of all humanity, and the heart of humanity responds from one pole to the other.

Ansvars.—The Emperor has continued his- joUrney through Lombardy to Monza, where Marshal Radetzky holds his head-quarters. The Austro- Italian press has supplied flourishing accounts of the welcome everywhere given to the Empenar ; but the correspondents of the London press con- cur in stating that his reception by the people has been cahn even to so- lemnity. The special correspondent of the Morning Chronicle says that the Austrian military are id fully aware of the true state of things," and are anxious to see the end of the Imperial progress. The Grand Duke of Tuscany arrived at Monza while the Emperor was there. Prince Metternich arrived in Vienna on the 2311 of September, by the steamer from Linz. Many members of his family met him at'the land- ing-place, and next day the Ambassadors of most of the European Powers paid him a visit at his domicile on the Rennweg. Der Lloyd says that the veteran statesman " does not return on a triumphal ear," but simply "as an Austrian,, to claim the privilege of closing his eyes in that land of which he was so long the political ruler." "The great political part he once took is played out The space he fills in modern history is closed up. No one versed in the actual state of Austrian affairs will credit the report that the Ex-Minister, by deed or counsel, has exercised any in- fluence in the new organization of the affairs of the:Austrian empire."

Prince Windiscbgratz has'been reatored' the the governorship of Bohe- mia. Apropos to this appointment, it is remarked by an English writer- " Soldiers administer the government in every one of the provinces of the empire. Archduke Albrecht in Hungary, Radetzky and Giulay in Italy, libevenhiiller in Galli* Jellachich in Croatia, Windisehgratz in Bohemia, Welden in Upper and Lower Austria ; all men whose characters and antece- dents.render them incapable of introducing or carrying out any other system of government than that of military rule."

The Austrian Government, balked of hanging Sooenth in person, has hanged him in effigy. "Oa the morning of the 22d September, the names and effigies of the Hungarian fugitives were publicly executed, by hanging them in the market- place of Pesth, with all the dreadful solemnities which accompany the exe- cution of a human being. The Mirror of Pesth rePorts the fact in the simple terms Which a state of siege permits. The military were drawn out and formed into a'scruare, within which there appeared the usual gallows. The officer in command read the sentence of the court-martial, according to which the enumerated persons were sentenced to death in effigy, having been tried in contumacion, and found guilty of high treason. The sentence having been read, the hangman was ordered to do his duty ; which-he did by hanging up a string of black boards, on which the names of the sentenced criminals were written "—Kossuth, with Guyon, Perezel, Casimir Bathyani, Count Teleki, and some thirty other companions. Paosso..—The Berlin news is that of mourning. Prince Frederick William Charles, uncle of the King 'died on Sunday, at his residence in

the' Royal -Palace: . ni-

"He had preserved the robust health which most of the family enjoy, till within the last two years. In March last he was seized with pains in the chest, which, at his advanced age, were dangerous ; and he himself enter- tained no hope of recovery. The complaint yielded a little to medical treatment, and he was able to be removed to Homburg to drink the waters of the Marienbad. He had but just returned from that place, and intended to go to Italy for the winter. A. few days ago he had a renewed attack of the disease of the chest, but it did not confine him to his bed. He dined on smoky, as usual, with his son, Prince Adalbert, and the adjutant on duty ; towards evening he felt more unwell, and retired to bed at nine o'clock ; at eleven he was seized with a fit, from which he never recovered, dying a few minutes before midnight."

Prince Frederick William was a stern Conservative. To his unflinch- ing character was due some of the peril which threatened the Prussian monarchy in 1848; - and his influence was early felt in the recovered courage of royal hearts when the first irresistible tide of revolution had swept past. He was born in 1783, and saw much military service in the wars against Napoleon. At Waterloo he commanded the reserved cavalry of the Fourth corps of Prussians. He married, in 1804, the Princess Maria Anne of Hesse Homberg. In 1846 he became a wi- dower ; and in 1849 lost his son, Prince Waldemar—who during his travels in India was present at the operations against the Sikhs under Sir Henry Hording°. He leaves one son and two daughters ; Prince Adalbert, Mine, Queen of Bavaria, and Elizabeth, married to Prince Charles of Hesse.

SARDINIA.—Az a counterpoise to the great military demonstrations in the shape of Imperial reviews which Austria is making close to the Pied- montese frontier at Monza, the King of Sardinia has made his armies execute great evolutions on the memorable plains of Marengo, near the Austrian frontier. The Duke of Genoa has been preparing the evolu- tions ; and on the 26th September the King arrived at Alessandria, to take a loading part. The troops amount to thirty battalions of foot, twenty-four squadrons of horse, and eight batteries of artalery,—a larger force than the Austrian.

NAPLES.—The official reply of the Neapolitan Government to Mr. Glad- stone's pamphlet sums up its contradiction of Mr. Gladstone's statistics by stating that the number of political prisoners is no more than 2024. The Neapolitan correspondent of the Daily Hews declares this to be " positive fraud" ; and he supplies the number of political prisoners " as extracted from the Police registers," from May 1848 to the present time,—giving round numbers only, because an exact quotation might subject many Go- vernment offioials to serious annoyance.

Nemsber of Neapolitan Political Prisoners from May 1848 to September 1851.

Condemned to the Ergastolo 36 Condemned in irons to the Bagni 1,000 Condemned in irons to the Bagni, but not yet removed from, prison . 300 Banished to the islands after trial 800 Banished to the islands without trial, including the soldiers sent by royal authority to the camp of Charles Albert.... 6,000 Accused who have been, or still are, in prison, from May 1848 to September 1851, not included in the above 16,000 23,136 Supposed number of exiles 3,000 Hiding from the police 150 Exiled from their native towns, but still in the king- dom 350 — 3,600 Total number of victims of the Neapolitan Constitution.... 26,636

TUREET.—The diplomatic correspondence between the Austrian In- ternuncio at Constantinople, M. Edward Klezl, and the Turkish Minis- ter for Foreign Affairs, All Pasha, on the subject of the liberation of Kossuth, has been published. In a letter of the 29th July, the In- ternuncio argues at much length, that the Ottoman Porte is bound by ancient treaties, and by the express engagements of the Sultan and his Ministers, to detain, "Kossuth and his dangerous companions" until it obtained the consent of the Austrian Government to their liberation; the latter Government engaging to give that consent as soon as the mo- ment arrived at which the prisoners could be let loose without danger to the peace of the kingdom. M. Klez1 enforced his arguments by a formal "protest" against the liberation of the detenus ; and by declaring, that the departure of any of them from Kutahia without the previously ob- tained acquiescence of the Imperial Austrian Government, " will be re- garded as a breach of the agreement concluded between Austria and Turkey, upon the subject of their detention, and as an event which must draw after it the destruction of that good understanding which has hitherto existed between the two Governments." M. Klezl even added, that by such an event "the most painful necessities " would, be imposed on his Court, "arising out of its doubts of the sincerity of the intentions of the Sublime Porte" ; "while, finally, such a proceeding as that now com- plained of will completely justify Austria, in presence of impending ques- tions, to consider nothing but her own interest in her relations with the Turkish empire." The Turkish Minister of Foreign Affairs, Ali Pasha, replied, on the 16th August, in a note which embodies clever diplomatic argumentation in language at once kindly and dignified. The Ottoman Porte finds it 4` hard to believe that any one can with fairness characterize its resolution as a breach of the engagements entered into with respect to the refugees." Referring to the arguments based on old treaties for yielding up "rebels and criminals," the note of the Porte says—" It is superfluous at this time of day to refer back to those old treaties ; since the most explicit declarations have been long ago made to the Imperial Court as to the limits within which those engagements were and were not to find their application." Then the promises of the Sultan contained " no more than the assurance that the refugees should b so guarded" that they should not disturb the tranquillity of the Emperor's dominions. Tranquillity has now been reestablished in. Hungary.

"If there are some few still occupied with projects of disorder, yet are they not, by the express admission of the Internuncio, in a situation to ex- cite an insurrection. Besides, one might wait in vain for the time when no persons in Hungary could reasonably be suspected of evil projects, since in all time and countries there exist mach."

In return for-the office undertaken by the Sublime Porte,. "the Aus- trian Government must not claim indefinitely to prolong an unpleasant state of things, from which nothing but embarrassments and misunder- standings are to be apprehended." In fine, the Ottoman Minister is net able to express with sufficient force how greatly the Sultan regrets the difference of opinion which has arisen between the two Cabinets.

Two days afterward; on the 18th August, M. Kies' simply acknow, ledged the receipt of this note : he repeated his "protestations," and an- nounced that he must "hold the Sublime Porte answerable to the Aus- trian Government for all the consequences " of the act against which he protests.

Ecnam—The railway projected by the Pasha of Egypt from Alexandria to Cairo has become a cause of senous variance between the Pasha and the Ottoman Sultan. When the four European Powers (omitting France) interfered between the rebellious Mehemet All and his suzerain the late Sultan, to prevent the total subversion of the Turkish empire by its powerful vassal, the interference was offered on condition that Mehemet Ali should be placed on a footing towards his pashalic different from that of any of the other territorial pashas under the Porte. Mehemet All was made hereditary Pasha of Egypt ; and after his death, his son, and now his grandson, Abbas Pasha, have succeeded to the hereditary rights given to Mehemet. But the firman by which these rights were conferred did not go the length of making the Pasha of Egypt an independent sovereign in his country ; on the contrary, great restrictions were placed on the Pasha's powers. No officer in the Egyptian army above a colonel was to

be appointed without the consent of the Ottoman Porte; power of

levying new taxes was restrained ; and there was a general thrown into the firman, that " for all important affairs, the Government of Egypt must demand the authorization of the Sublime Porte." These being the re- lations between the present Pasha of Egypt and the Ottoman Porte, it may be briefly told that Abbas Pasha has made the contract with Mr. Stephen- son for the formation of the railway from Alexandria to Cairo, not only without obtaining the authorization of the Porte, but to a certain extent in defiance of it, after warning given ; • whereupon the Porte has declared the contract void, and is said to have threatened the use of force to carry out its sovereign behest. The Paris Constitutionnel has published the di- plomatic note addressed by the Sublime Porte to Abbas Pasha. The fol- lowing is the history of the affair from the Turkish point of view.

"Some time since, it came to the knowledge of the Imperial Government i

that your Highness intended to construct a railway. Although feeling cer- tain that you would not have failed to demand the authorization of the Sub- lime Porte before carrying so great and important an enterprise into execu- tion, nevertheless, in order to prevent all future misunderstanding, it has been considered nght to remind your Highness of what is right and justice relative to this affair. Thus, at the period of the departure of the agent of your Highness, Moutkar Bey, charged with a mission for Cairo, it was en- joined upon him in an express manner, to announce officially to yourkHigh- ness, that, in the event of there being serious question of so great an ,enter- prise, it would be indispensable to demand the authority of the Sulgime Porte. By the return of the said functionary, the Government learns that, contrary to all expectation, your Highness, trusting to certain considerations, had.resolved to execute that work, without having in the first instance de- manded and obtained the wished-for authorization. In consequence, the Imperial Government sees itself, to its great regret, obliged to call the atten- tion of your Highness to the affair. An official despatch had been prepared to that effect, when his Excellency Sir Stratford Canning, Ambassador of England, having obtained communication of it, requested that the sending of it should be suspended until he had written to his Court and obtained the answer. The Sublime Porte having made the objection that difficulties might arise if any decision were taken in Egypt relative to the construction of the railway while he was corresponding with his Government, the said Ambassador took upon himself to retard the conclusion of the afihir of the railway, and promised to write about it to the Consul-General of her Bri- tannic Majesty in Egypt, in the most precise manner. We were waiting the result of these steps when we learned that your Highness had signed a con- tract with the English engineer, Stephenson, containing the conditions re- lative to the construction of the railway. This news was followed closely by a letter from your Highness, informing the Sublime Porte of this affair. So unforeseen an event has caused great surprise." The note refers parenthetically, and in a tone of high consideration, to Mr. Robert Stephenson—" The above-named engineer, according to the information which has reached us, is an instructed and honourable man." It then proposes to take as events not realized, the communications with Moutkar Bey, and the notice of the English Ambassador ; and on that hypothesis it argues the right of the case as it depends on the imperial firman serving to regulate the privileges of the succession in the Govern- ment of Egypt. Quoting the proviso which says that "in all important affairs " the Pasha must obtain due "authorization," the note observes, that in place of demanding such authorization, "your Highness alleges in your favour the erection of the bridge of Modjidie and the fortifications of Alexandria, by your grandfather, without authorization." But these

i instances are not, in the Turkish point of view, of any force as precedents. Not to mention other features, they were both "commenced before the sending of the imperial firman." The general question, as to whether the railway is an important affair, is thus treated-

" This railway cannot be assimilated to ordinary roads, the construction of which calls for comparatively light expenses, whereas for this work large sums must be expended. If the annual revenues of Egypt, after the pay- ment of the tribute to the Porte, should leave a surplus sufficient to cover the annual expenses of such an undertaking, there would not be any admi- nistrative inconvenience. But it would be to cause attaint to the laws and regulations established by the Porte, to create a new tax in case of the in- sufficiency of that excess, to augment the present taxes, or to cause the in- habitants of Egypt to work on the line gratuitously. The Imperial Govern- ment, in its equity and justice, cannot in any way tolerate such proceedings. And even in case such excess should be insufficient, and in place of having re- course to one of these three expedients it should be resolved to contract a loan, or yield up the undertaking to a foreign company, the Porte, seeing that in the first case a portion of its states might be mortgaged, and that in the second a system might be introduced altogether without precedent, could not give its consent to either course. From these motives, the Government finds itself forced to insist on solid and solemn guarantees, and to declare that it will persist always in maintaining its high administrative rights. In the same way as your Highness, in your justice, conforming to the provi- sions of the firman relative to the succession, cannot pretend to anything beyond what is there found stipulated, so the Sublime Porte cannot permit that the limits prescribed by the said imperial document be overstepped in any manner whatever." "It is not only in the event of the railway from Cairo to Suez being °mi- streated, that political reasons demand the authorization " ; "in whatever part of Egypt it may be, authorization-will be-rigorously required, as well from the above-mentioned motives as from the duties and attributions in-

variably assigned to your Highness by the Erman relative to the succession." The Ottoman Porte therefore deckres-

o To repair the error committed by departing from the limit of established privileges, it has been judged necessary to announce officially to your High- ness, that all the arrangements taken for the said railivay before having de- manded therequisite authorization shall be, considered- null and void.' In fine, "it will be equally indispensable, in &mending the authorization of the Sublime Porte, to prove to it that ,the annual revenues of Egypt show a sufficient surplus to meet the necessary expitsea,forthe rionsteuction: of Alm said railway ; that new taxes will not be levied for that purposea,--thatthe present taxes will not be increased ; that -the inhabitants slot lie eern- polled to labour gratuitously; and, lastly, Aid o recoup shail,b0,tid te a

loan, or to any foreignieoinpaidea" '

Lenis..-7The overland snail-front Bombay, of the 1st September, brings a few paragraphs of interesting news. , ,• ' Gholab Sine' had ,put down the ,,,,tion.which his tasgatherers

hattesiesed in the Northern parts of domunoias ; and he had beenfor-;

inally congratulated by the. British authorities on the &fent. Moolraf, of Mooltan celebrity, who,cest us so much 'it the end Of:the Laboresviill has altpitedin captivity. The last mail brought reports of the discovery of plots for his escape to Nepaul ; and it was on hie. jenrney fecenothei place:in which he had.hitherto been confined to some More securefortress! that he died. The Nizam's dominions were in a mote tranquil:13*e.! The Arab mercenaries, alarmed at our vigorous proceedings to recOliii, our debt) and seeing in thaariecals. (if, our poliey.the nearer approacItef their own ejection front . power, ,had concentrated .themselves from , all quarters of the Nizam's territory, in Hyderabad, and were "so *nett on their good behaviour that disturbances had 'rebottle quite few." . • An engin:Mils qnanlity, of rain had fallen in the valley of . the. Indus: more rain had fallen in twenty days than had fallen in the twenty years preceding': htuidreds bf villagea.had been swept away, and with an on- meese loss of property there Ma heen also a greet:10as of lives.

The Indian obituary also records the death of Mr. Drinkwater Be thune, Mr. Macaulay's successor as Legislative Member of the Supreme Council in Calcutta. •

thalami Srares.-.-The New ork journals of the latest date, the 20th September, are full of the events in 'Beaton to celebrate the opening of a oontinumisreilway route from Canada to theAtlantic Ocean, throngh the United States. There has .been a threeclays l'"grand.railwedrjubilee." President Fillmore and the -Earl of Elgin were the grnat personages present at • what was podtieelly termed " the conjugal union between Canada and the Ocean." Boston wan :never before in such. a splendid array of decorations by flags, American •and. British intermingled; and all other things that could show joy and international delight. There was an enormous procession of tradesen..the 19th September; a banqitet,' : which "miles of tables" groaned under viands; an address by the vot- Poration of Boston to Lord Elgin, expressive of real and Warm friendship between the fraternizing nations ; and in the end kindly speeches by the President of the Union and the Governor-General of the English colony. Mr. Fillmore said—"I meet you as citizens ofBoston. On thia festive occasion we know no party distinction. Nay, mere,. we acarcely.know. a national distinetinn. There.aregathered around-this festive- board.theAme- rican and the Briton, living under different laws, but, thank God, two of the freest nations under the' sun. The little asperity that wart engendered by the revolution which separated us from our mother-country, I am happy to say., has long since disappeared ; and we meet like brethren of the same family, speaking the 'same language, and enjoying the same religion. Are we not one ?" (Shouts of affirmative applause.) Lord Elgin bowed to the President's request that he should not leave the table when the President did, the latter being imperatively called away by state duties. On American ground he was under the Presiderd'a authority: but he would say that he never received an Order froth any authority which more completely ‘jumped with his own wishes." [At this colloquial gOod- naturedness of speech the Bostonians "jumped witindelight."]