sLAvnur IN TUE UNITED STATES.

THE two American publications, which profess to describe the 'privi characteristics and workings of Slavery in the Southern States ofI'Dy tl the Union, consist of a treatise and a novel. In Despotism in y America, the author discusses the principles of slavery and the in of general results they produce ; after which he proceeds to unfold in their alleged effects, in the peculiar eircumstalcesofllisses. native even country, both upon the privileged and unprivileged classes. of i The Stare, or Memoirs qf Arch!' Moore, he creates a character, nam and conducts him through the various stages of misery and mis. tcyl, fortune, which the passions, the caprice, the avarice, the careless- Aon ness, or the insolvency of the owner inflict upon his slaves. by -it, this double means, the author exhibits his subject in two phases, be

and uses the two distinct kinds of materials which his observa- of t

tions and reflections have provided him with. In Despotism sire its America, he confines himself to the broad and general features pail of Southern slavery, as it affects the social, economical, political, set:, and moral character of masses of men, and the strength and thy' prosperity of the state. In Arch,y 4:Wore he paints individuals; one exhibits the areana of plantation life and practice amongst les;; masters, overseers, and slaves ; and animates, by the aid of fiction, those trifling but characteristic details which would have been out of place in the general treatise. The author is it thoroughgoing Abolitionist, but an Abolitionist who has derived his knowledge from actual life, not from second. hand and selected or perhaps exaggerated representations. Be has looked at slavery to discover the evils it produces, without much regard to any counterbalances, or to that strange necessity, as a means of human advancement, which the whole course of history shows the institution to be. But it' he rejects every re• deeming trait from his portrait, the evils he paints are real, not invented : he rises above individual and disgikting instances of isolated ferocity, to picture the general effects of its operation; and in so doing, lie indirectly presents a sketch of the external appearance as well as of the moral and mental condition of the Southern States in contrast with the Northern. The deductions of the writer must be received with caution : his representations are sometimes partial—sometimes true as singular, but Dot perhaps as general examples : there is, however, congruity and nature in the whole; whence we inter, that, such as it is, the picture has been drawn from life.

The models of the author are Ds 'focus:vim:It in his philoso- phical treatise, and DE FOE in his nnvc 1; but lie has not servilely copied his prototypes. In Despotism in America he imitates the Frenchman in the minutely-methodical division of his subject, and in the super-sagacity which prompts him to attribute more efthetsto the single hobby he is riding than any one circumstance ever can produce. But with the Ming he has the comprehension and lofty speculation of De Tocetnivil.LE ; he is also more concise, and keeps closer to the facts before him : he may be as unsound at times as the Frenchman, but one does not feel the same disposition to demur to the correctness of the representations on which he bases his conclusions. He is also a man of varied knowledge, with a disci- plined and thoughtful mind ; so that Desputi,mn iAmerica com• blues in a high degree the results of observation and reflection, set off by a methodical arrangement and powerful style. The resemblance to De Fon is more general, and may arise from the necessity of the subject. It is chiefly shown in a matter-of-fact narrative—strong, real, but literal ; and in the total absence of true sentiment, or any thing which can appeal to the higher fiteulties: 0 Hence, like the majority of DE Fos 's fictions, the interest of Arch, f Moore arises front the truthful character of each scene, and that anxiety for the end which scents an innate principle of the mind, f rather than from any power over the passions which the author possesses, still less from any attraction in the subject itself. r After an introduction in which a general view is taken of the position of the South with regard to foreign countries and the Northern States, through the operation of slavery, Despotismvc, in America plunges into the subject. Tracing the origin of slavery to a state of war, the author holds that this state still continues, and ever must until the slave recover his free. I dom. Nor, in his pages at least, does this view of the subject appear a mere theory. lie paints the South as in the coo dition of a country occupied by hostile detachments; every plant tation forming a species of camp, where the planter, his falmily,s I and his White retainers, are the counterpart of troops quartered 1 amongst enemies,—going constantly armed as matter of necessity, exacting by force from the slaves the fruits of their labour, punish. ing them upon the slightest occasion' inflicting death for the he resistance, loading the unprivileged class with evils such as no vie• for of modern times ever imposed upon a conquered country, and ading by way of retribution, a life of inquietude and suspicion, ch as soldiers rarely feel in a camp. He then describes, in some tail, the master's methods of enforcing his empire, with those of

„°"; sistance on the part of the slave ; and the manner in which the

"Qv' ttcr is treated, considered first as an animal, second as a man: U.S. ind in this description he incidentally sketches the different modes Of manngement adopted on various plantations, and the character wrestwrest He then considers the political results of the slaves as workmen. "do°. of the slave-holding system of the South, next its economical ho 9niffeets, and lastly its operation upon personal character ; each see- s Deb *II being treated under several subdivisions, and affording the .,Dras, Anatol-an opportunity of painting the general features of Southern

life in its tolerated licentiousness, its reckless indifference to blood, the gambling existent, as a hated, a denounced, but a necessary

the and the strange spectacle of a race of " poor White folks,' 3 toe trivileged by blood, powerful as a constituency, hated and suspected tes of "y the planters, and almost despised by tile Negroes themselves. 'nt Though we have given Despotism in America the foremost place I the in our notice, Arehy Moore appeared the earliest. It was finished unfold in 1536, hut it was some time before it could find a publisher 'mite even in the Northern States. At last a house undertook the sale t. In of it, adopting- every precaution against the discover of their 'actor, name but although the first edition was soon disposed of, not " a teVICV: or a magazine, hardly a newspaper, took any notice of it,"— eless- from the difficulty, the author infers, of not knowing what to say upon I3yft. We should, however, consider Despotism in America more 'to Rases, be dreaded by the Southern interest, as it exposes the weakness germ- of the state and the rottenness of society, in a more comprehen- Paha give, direct, and pointed way. In Arch!' Moore, though all is attires painted black enough, yet the very truth of' the delineation in some litical, Sense militates against its effect, by the degraded state in which h and the slaves arc exhibited. Hence the reader, of any reflection, at duals; once perceives the difficulty of dealing with such a population, un- nongst less the property of the planters and the existence of the conunu- iction, nitv as at present constituted are to be abandoned to the " ruin" en out which Lord JOHN RUSSELL so coolly contemplates. The same characteristic greatly militates against one means of Abolition-ex- citement. By painting the Blacks such without doubt as slavery leis made them, no reader can fall into the thllacious sympathy which touches the mass ofthe British audiences, who unconsciously fancy the slaves feel the degrading esils of their condition, as they themselves would feel them if suddenly reduced to the same state.

The form of the novel is autobiographical. Archy Moore, the hero and narrator of his own career, is described as having received some advantages of education olliba attending an in- valid son of his toaster, before the legislative acts which tbrbade a Coloured person to he taught reading, and with so white a complexion as not to be distinguished from a person of pure descent : the feeling for colour having instinctively taught the author that less interest would be excited for a mere Negro than one looking like ourselves. The Ilither and master of Archy is drawn as the Very MC of the Virginian aristocracy,—high- spirited, hospitable, and mild in manners even to his slaves, strict in conduct, according to the morality of public opinion, but not restrained from attempting incest with his slave daughter, (we should imagine an Abolitionist's exaggeration,) and implacable in revenge. This passion Arehy rouses by appealing to iris feelings as a tither—an inexpiable presumption in a slave : being banished from house service to the field, he further enrages Colonel Moore by rivalling him in the graces of Miss Moore's attendant. Brought bals after a vain attempt at escape, lie is sold, and passes through a variety of adventures as a slave and a runaway, till lie finally, effects his escape, and enters the English marine. It will be seen that the author has done all he could to excite the feelings, by giving his hero a peculiar education, a white com- plexion, and the higher feelings which may he supposed to spring from his singular position. His truth as an observer, however, has somewhat balked his purpose as an Abolitionist. The servile character is so stamped in Arehy, and his conduct is in some cases so questionable, that the class of Abolitionists from whom the Writer might expect the most sympathy, will be so offended at the vices of the man that they will be apt to overlook the system which produced hint.

cullies, As our object in selecting extracts is to present a succinct view Areity o the workings of Southern slavery, we shall quote indifferently id that front either volume. And we begin with the modes of manage- mind, ment adopted on different plantations; which are reducible to author force, fear, and fraud. The following is given as the regulated scale of punishment on plantations where the system of ,ranee is then of rigorously carried out : and the gradation is curious if true.

ice and rexisusinsTs ON A SOI"ellERN PLINTATIOV spatism. ThIisrttyheiatislialevse. lapteocienhemdliing into the field ? • Twenty lashes. Is he idle? itionist econd- s. He vithout essity, arse of 'cry re- ;!al, not tees of :ration; :sternal of the tions of ms are haps as in the as been ihiloso. ervilely tes the !et, and ibets to vet' can id lofty d keeps s as the demur lses his a disci• st cons lection, The ore the .of-fitct of true or neglect an order? Forty lashes. Does lie iglu of .. negligently waste or destroy 13tis_siiiiittesters property? Fifty lashes.. Is be de- s state 1 tested in a lie ? Sixty hudie3s.. 1 _ . 8 rent, y suspected of theft e. Seventy s free. lashes. Does he say; or do any thing that can be construed into insolence? subj' . Eight . lashes. Is he guilty of the slightest act of insubordination ? One lion- ect ' dred la.}shes. Does he venture tot run away ? Let him be pursued by men and to cep' . dogs, disabled b small slot, he is taken, be flogged till he faints, y plate then be worked in chains, locked soon as 11-0 family, till his spirits are broken, 'and' het IlilepccilliNneersyotitdiC;ItaltIkTitc7t ri-Illiitiot‘tr:"Icica. artered heat upon any occasion to offer any resistance, let him . hee shot, stabbed,' cessity, soon asthe ground with a club; and should he not be killed in the process, as the discipline c!I e 118 so fur recovered as to be able to stand, let him be subjected to all tunisls, 'il din jplit If° MeRti011ed in the preceding sentence, and in addition he flogged ie leas' evesruyelitch for thirty days in succession. no Vie' Such le a brief specimen of this system of plantation management ; which 7 s ds 1 e an somfficeient. call cruel, but which those who follow it merely describe as vigorous and 1- And this unrelenting severity, acting with the certainty of a machine, is not only the most profitable, but the most popular ; the slaves knowing exactly what they have to trust to. But it is in its full extent rarely adopted ; fear, by continual threatening, or fraud, with religion for its basis, being the usual but inefficient modes.

EFFEcTS OF INDULGENCE UPON SLAVES.

This regular and systematic discipline, resembling the despotic precision of a well-drilled army, is to be found only upon a very few plantations. Most masters and most overseers are too negligent or too good-humoured for their business, or else are ignorant of the real nature and only sere support of the authority they exercise. They overlook some offences because they do not want the trouble of punishment ; some they permit to go unnoticed, because they hate to flog a woman or a child ; some allowances they make for the petit. lance of old age or the hot temper of youth. But every liberty that goes un- punished is made pretence fbr yet greater liberties ; the slaves, always eager and watchful to regain any particle of' freedom, perceive in an instant, rout with unerring sagacity, every imlicatiou of weakness or want of vigour on the part of their master : they artfully break, now this linit and now that, from their chitlins; till at length, ainning to feel something of the spirit of liberty, their " insolence," to use the roaster's phrase, becomes intolerable, and, waking from his dream of indulgence end good-nature, their despot is obliged to vindi- cate his authority, and to repress the licentiousness of his slaves, by a sudden outbreak of violence and cruelty, which, however he may excuse it by the plea of necessity, he cannot think of in his sober moments without 80111e disagree- able feelings of self-condemnation. Thus it is that the greater part of Southern plantations are the scenes of a constant struggle; idicsesa encroachments, a passive resistance upon one side; negligence mid 3 hhlilig first, then passion, violence, and cruelty upon the other.

SLAVE LABOUR.

Ile yields his time from daylight until dark : or rather he seems to yield it ; for if he be not constantly watched, he contrives to regain hours and moments, which as he can apply them to no better use, he spends in idleness or sleep. His capacity is a thing more in his own power. It is in general only certain simple acts of manual labour that can be extorted by three. The mind is free. A master cannot force Ids slave to reason, to remember, or, except in certain eases, to hear or sec. It' he is sent with a message, he forgets it. He never considers that if the fence is broken the cattle will get among the corn ; and if they do, he neither sees nor hears there. The thing he is commanded to do, that single thing he does, and nothing else. * * * the is compelled to labour so many ]roars; but he takes care to labour to the least possible sill-Image. Nothing stimulates him but the fear of the whip ; and under the show of diligence proceeds with the greatest possible dawdling and deliberation. Is he a brieldayer ? lle selects a brick with cau- tiou mid solemnity ; he turns it over a dozen times; he looks as carefully at every side of it its if it were covered with intelligible hieroglyphics ; he feels the corners and the edges ; lie tits it to its place ; removes it; takes up the mortar ; spreads and slowly arranges it with his trowel; and at last—lays the brick.

In all those processes which require any thing of skill or judgment, it is im- possible to extort a large amount of labour from a slave. He conceals his idleness no cunningly, any attempt to drive him seems to put him in such a flutter and confusion, that he bungles or spoils his work; and it becomes neces- sary that it should be dour over again, allowing the workman his own tune. The master can only insist that he shall devote his whole time to the work, but he must he centent to let him daily and trifle with it as he chooses.

ence it is that sLive- labour is only profitable for those rude and simple pro- cesses which demand uothieg but an exertion of muscular strength. A slave may be driven by the hip to cut Op grass with the hoe or to pick cotton with his fingers pearly or quite ;:s fast as ii freeman who labours for himself; but to compel this labour, he must be constantly watched and pressed ; and it' the whip is not used upon his shoulders, he must at least ace it brandished in the air as a spur to his activity.

roOD OF SLAVES.

Very different opinions prevail in different portions of the Southern States as to the quantity of food which it is necessary or expedient to allow a slave. Iu Kentucky, Missouri, and Tennessee, where corn and bacon arc produced in greet abundance, and where churls value is small, the slaves are allowed as much

coarse limit as they it. ; and the plump condition and buoyant vivacity of the ihildren are an chic ice that they seldom suffer from hunger. In Virginia, Maryleml, and North Carolina, where corn is seldom worth above filly cents the bushel, some sixteen bushels of it is considered a compe- tent yearly supply for a slave ; to which is generally added a weekly allowance, larger or smaller, of fish or meat.

In the Stales further South, 1% may be properly designated as the Cotton- growing States, where corn is generally worth a dollar or upwards the bushel, and where provisions of all sorts are comparatively scarce and high, twelve bushels of dry corn by the year, without any allowance of meat or fish, or any thing beside, is esteemed a large enough supply of food for a working hand. Sweet potatoes are sometimes sunved out during the fall and winter months in- stead of corn ; and on the rice plantations, broken or damaged rice furnishes the chief supply of' food : but whether it be corn, potatoes, or rice, the allow- ance is kitten scanty enough; mid the starved, shrivelled, peaked condition of the children upon many plantations, are too evident proofs how cruelly they are stinted.

PLANT.vrtoN maticcurent.

A quantity of virgin soil in those of the Slave States in which any such soil is yet to be found, is cleared up every winter. The trees are cut down and burnt, or merely girdled, and left to decay and fall with the lapse of time. When tobacco is the crop, this fresh land is planted with tobacco each succes- sive year till its krtility is exhausted. When it will nu longer produce to- bacco, it is planted with corn or wheat, till it will not afford a crop worth gathering. It is then turned not; that is, left unfenced and uncultivated, to grow up with thickets of sass:alias or persimmom bushes, or with forests of the short.leaved pine—a majestic tree in appearance, but the timber of which is subject to so rapid a decay as to be of little or no value.

In the Cotton-growing States, corn and cotton are planted alternately, till the land is completely worn out. When its original fertility is exhausted, no further attempt is made at its cultivation. It is turned out, and the labour of the plantation is applied to new fields, which presently undergo a similar fate. Thus every year a certain quantity of laud is given over as worthless, and new inroads are mode upon the original forest. Agriculture becomes a continual process of opening new fields and abandoning the old.

Let us turn to the operation of slavery upon the Whites.

RESULTS Or SLAVERY UPON THE MIDDLE CLASSES.

The disastrous effects of slave-holding upon free industry, are particularly obvious in the families of the small planters, and of those farmers who possess but five or six slaves. These slaves suffice to perform the labours of the farm ; and when the land is fertile the owner of it lives in a rustic: plenty. A family of sons grows up around him. He has no occasion for thew assistance on the farm ; and if he had, they would regard the labour as an intolerable disgrace. The boys grow up idleness, with little or no education, because there is no

system of public instruction, and the father caunot afford to send them to a distance in pursuit of schools. They arrive at man's estate without having been bred to any regular employment. Each has his horse, his dog, and his gun ; and while the father lives the sons have a home: they spend their time in tuntingg, or in riding about the country, or at horse-races, frolics, barbecues, or political meetings. There are thousands of young men in Kentucky and Tennessee in this unhappy predicament, —full of spirit and ambition, active, capable, eager for some honourable employment ; but condemned by die social system of which they form a part, and by the unhappy prejudices against use- ful industry which that system engenders, to an idleness which presently be- comes as irksome to themselves as it is fatal to the public prosperity. When habit has made indolence inveterate, and when they are too old to apply them- selves with zeal or success to a new course of life, the death of the father cuts off the support they have hitherto enjoyed. Ills property, divided among a numerous family, gives but a pittance to each. That pittance is soon spent. Want stares the unhappy sufferers in the face : they lose by degrees their standing and respectability. The weaker-spirited among them sink down to the lowest depths of poverty and vice. Those of more energy emigrate to the new States ot the far West ; and having escaped the charmed circle in which they were so long bound up, they develop a new character, and, like their fathers before them, by means of their own personal industry, they bring a farm into cultivation, and gradually acquire wealth. But if they have settled in a Slave State, that wealth is generally invested in slaves ; and their own children are bred up in that same style of helpless indolence of which they themselves were so near becoming the victims, and which their children per- haps will not so fortunately escape.

In sketching the characteristics of Southern society, this writer does not greatly differ from other authors ; but he traces all their peculiarities to slavery. The violence, murders, and general inse- curity of life, to the ferocity of temper which slavery induces, and to the necessity it imposes of going always armed. Southern hos- pitality is no merit ; the planters, leading an isolated life of mono- tony and idleness, (for they teldom interfere with the management of their plantations, on account of the complaints they would have to hear, and the scenes of misery they must witness,) are happy to welcome any stranger as a relief. The extravagance, and as this author alleges, the insolvency of the greater part of the planters, are attributed to slavery, by rendering industry discreditable, and inducing idleness, bad management, and a style of expenditure beyond their average means. To the same cause is traced the gambling of the South, and the frightful outrages, whose report not .unfrequently reaches Europe.

GAMBLING AND GAMBLERS OP THE SOUTH.

The planter who has been secluded upon his estate for a week or a month, in irksome or wretched indolence, his heart all the time devourine• orders his horse or his carriage in a fit of desperation, and sets out'for the nearest village. The gaming-table offers him the speediest and most certain -means of excitement, the surest method of shaking off the listless misery which oppresses him. To the gaming-table he goes. It stands always ready— for the necessity of the case has created a peculiar class of men at the South, who are gamblers by profession. It was to this class that those men belonged who were hanged at Vicksburg. This is a proli!ssion which has sprung up naturally at the South, and as has been said necessarily, and which can boast of more talent and accomplishment among its members, than the three learned professions of law, physic, and divinity united. Though the prot'essum is infamous, still it is crowded. Its members throng the steam-boats, the hotels, the cities, and the villages of the South; and among them may be found the most gentlemanly, agreeable, insinuating, talented, well-informed men of the whole population. Constantly on the watch, and always labouring to attract, to lure, to please, many of them attain a peculiar polish and elegance of manners. New recruits arc always crowding in. The planter, who has ruined himself by improvidence, dissipatiorf, or losses at the gaming-table—the young disappointed heir, bred up in indolence and luxury by a father who dies insolvent—these persons find scarcely any other way of earning their daily bread, except to adopt gambling as a protbssion. There is no other business fbr which they are qualified, there is no other art which they understand. It seems hard to hold these individuals strictly responsible fur the evil they do. You cannot expect them to starve. They are the victims of a social system intolerably bad.

The professional gamblers are above described such as they are when at

the head of their profession and in the heyday of success. 111 general, they soon begin to go down-hill. Proverbially improvident, they are abundantly supplied with money or wholly without it. T le latter presently comes to be their habitual condition. Their fate closely resembles that of prostitutes in a great city. Drunkenness relieves their distresses for the moment, but, by- destroying their health and their intellect, soon precipitates them into lower depths of misery. They become at last a burden upon relatives and friends; find in an early death a refuge front despair ; or are precipitated into crimes which carry them to the penitentiary or the gallows.

ESTIMATION OP OVERSEERS.

An overseer is regarded in all those parts of Slave-holding America with

which I ever became acquainted very much in the same light in which people, in countries uncnrsed with slavery, look upon a hangman ; and as this latter employment, however useful and necessary, has never succeeded in becoming respectable, so the business of an overseer is likely from its nature always to continue contemptible and degraded. The young lady who dines heartily on lamb, has a sentimental horror of the butcher who killed it ; and the slave- owner who lives luxuriously on the forced labour of his slaves, has alike senti- mental abhorrence of the man who holds the whip and compels the labour. Nc is like a receiver of stolen goods, who cannot bear the thoughts of stealing himself, but who has no objection to live upon the proceeds of stolen property. A thief is but a thief; an overseer but an overseer. The slave-owner prides himself upon the honourable appellation of a planter; and the receiver of stolen goods assumes the character of a respectable shopkeeper.

The reader must not suppose that these extracts exhibit the number of topics touched upon by the writer, much less the extent to which he pursues them. They are only examples of his method of treatment, and the nature of his views, as well as of a few of the more salient points of Slavery in the Southern provinces of the • Union. And, in justice to the Abolitionists of the United States,

it should be observed that slavery in their republic wears a more revolting form than it ever yet has taken, unless amongst the Dutch. The simple and patriarchal manners of the East, in all ages, have mitigated slavery amongst the Asiatics. Life might be in- secure, and its conveniences few, but this was not peculiar to the bondsman ; it was the condition of society, operating alike upon slave and freeman. In the republics of antiquity, the slaves were a degraded caste, but not an outcast race, upon. whom Nature herself had stamped a brand. There was no restriction ond etheatinipaetnitio, cultivation : on the contrary, it was encouraged ;and m once obtained, the freedman was socially on a level with his equi in property, &e., and his descendants politically so. The calor,, laws of the more despotic European kingdoms were mostly ]evict. to the slave ; and there was always a royal governor present to force them in his &your, from, as ARAM Sawn remarks, the iota; love of displaying power. In the British Colonies, manners towartii. the slave appear to have been always mild mid familiar : for that, years past, the planter has been restrained by public opinion, an by the Imperial Parliament : very many laws, both of the Briti,1 and Colonial Legislatures, had given privileges and even rightst, the slave : the West Indians, too, were only provincials : in despi4 of all their vapourings they could not avoid being influenced by tit tone of English society, and often by instructions from absemt, proprietors : above all, they had a sense of security, for their post; was supported by the presence of British troops, and would hay, been, in case of need, by the whole force of the British state. Not one of these many mitigating causes operate in the Soothes part of America. The planters arc absolute, controlled neither Et law, by governor, nor by public opinion. The efforts of if; Northern States do not shame or check, they only exasperate the slave-owners, and add to the misery of the slaves. To all the grounds tier tyranny is added fear. It is true that their terror Ina) be groundless ; for though acts of individual vengeance are ocea. sionally perpetrated, our author thinks that no general insurrectiot would be effected, or if it were, would ever succeed by the unassisted efihrts of the slaves ; yet that does not prevent continual fears and unibunded patties. " Every two or three years the report of an insurrection, real or imaginary, spreads the most frantic terror through the Southern States. The antic enacted upon such occasions would be m the highest degree farcical did tie not generally terminate in bloody tragedies. Men who are individually brave, and who would march to the assault of a battery without flinching, work rid other ante a complete paroxysm of fear. A single lsigro seen in the woods with a gun upon his shoulder, suffices to put a whole village to flight. dozen unintelligible words overheard and treasured up by some evesdropon, overseer, or invented perhaps by some miscreant who delights himself with iii public alarm, are enough to throw all the Southall States into commotion, ant to bring nights of agony and sleeplessness to hundreds or thousands. But this is not the worst of it : when terror tirdies cowards it always makes bleoay• minded cowards. Blood ! blood !—nothing else can appease the general alarm. Committees of safety, with the most absolute authority, are everywhere esta- blished. On these committees sit many a village Tinville, many a rustic Bunton. Before these tribunals the unhappy victims are dragged ; accusation and condemnation keep close company. Itanging, shooting, and burning,ho come the order of the day. The headlong entity of these proceedings betrayi the greatness of that alarm which produces them."

Our analysis of this writer's works, and the extracts taken from them, will show that he is a man of no ordinary ability, and very %r beyond the average run of Abolitionists. But even he mullet overcome the intrinsic difficulty of the question. After exhaust. ing both in fiction and philosophy the evil workings of slavery, he has nothing to snuggest but • that the Southerns should emancipate their slaves, either unconditionally or the a compensation from the Union. Considering the condition of the British West Indies, . this is a project the planters will not spontaneously adopt ; and which the different Federal States are also likely to pause upon, if they looked no further than the rise of colonial productions in our prices-current.