furrigu Huh Colguinl.

FRANCE. —The Court of Cessation has annulled the judgment of the lower court in the affair of the foreign correspondents; declaring that the opening of letters, except under certain forms, is illegal ; and that proofs founded on letters seized at the post-office are not available. They ask that the case may be tried on the original grounds, and order the fine to be restored.

M. Visconti, architect to the Emperor, has been elected a Member of the Institute, by 23 votes to 12. It is stated that the camp at St. Helfaut will be removed to Boulogne, on the old ground occupied by Napoleon in 1804.

TVIMEY.—The Sublime Porte has protested against the Russian occu- pation of Moldavia and Wallachia, in a very able state paper, issued on the 14th July from the Foreign Office at Constantinople.

The Porte declares that it has learned with pain and surprise, the pas- sage of the Pruth and the occupation of an integral part of its empire by Russian troops. "It is diffichlt to reconcile such an aggression with the pacific declarations and friendly assurances which the Cabinet of St. Pe- tersburg has so often reiterated"; ; and "still more difficult for it not to be astonished at an operation -which strikes at the principles established by the treaty of 1841." Prince Menschikoff's first negotiations, were con- lined to the question of the Holy Places ; and that question received a solution satisfactory to all the parties interested. After this, the Prince made demands which, if admitted, would have struck a grievous blow at the interests of the empire.

"It is seen by the official communications which the Sublime Porte has made to the Great Powers, that she does not hesitate to give sufficient assu- rances, capable to dispel the doubts which have led to the discussions relative to the rights, to the spiritual privileges, and to the other immunities which thereunto belong, and in the possession of which the Greek churches and the Greek priests are placed by his Majesty the Sultan. Far from thinking of withdrawing any part whatever of these privileges, or even of restricting their enjoyment consecrated by use, his Imperial Majesty glorifies himself in confirming them publicly ; and, faithful to the maxims of justice and cle- mency, places them in a position of safety from all prejudice, by means of a solemn act confirmed by his hatti-cherif, and which has been communicated to all friendly governments. Such being the ease, it would be useless to en- cumber the question with a mass of details. It will suffice here to state, that, on one side, the demand of the Russian Ambassador, notwithstanding certain modifications, whether as to terms or whether as to form remained at the end inadmissible, for the reasons just now explained ; while, on the ether side, it became without any real object, on account of the solemn gua- rantees spontaneously given by the Sovereign himself in the face of the

i

whole world. These ncontestible facts suffice to absolve the Sublime Porte from all obligation to explain further on the subject of the religious privi- leges. It is incontestibly evident that the independence of a sovereign state is null if among its attributions is not preserved that of refusing, without offence, a demand which is unauthorized by treaties, and whose acceptance ressoultumiliabe at tintheg sthamanecintime.rperotiuous .as to the ostensible object, and not

us t the high party which declines it.

"Nevertheless, the Sublime Porte does not in any way retire from its friendly and profoundly sincere desire not only to fulfil all its engagements. towards Russia with the most scrupulous exactitude, but further, to give it such entirely new proof of its cordial dispositions as is compatible with the sacred rights of its sovereignty, and with the honour and the fundamental. interests of its empire.

" The Sublime Porte is even prepared to reiterate the assurances promised in the letter of the 4th (16th) June, written in reply to that of his Excel-- lency Count Nesselrode, bearing date the 19th May (0.5.); and it is still disposed, if an arrangement of a nature to satisfy Russia can be arrived at- without prejudice to the sacred rights of the Sultan, to send an ambassador extraordinary to St. Petersburg, to seek, in concert with the Russian Cabinet, the means of arriving at that end.

"As regards the passage in the letter of his Excellency Count Nesselrode relative to the eventual invasion of the Ottomon territory, the Sublime Porte' has already declared that it cannot accept it ; and as that letter, as well as the reply of the Ottoman Ministry, was at once communicated to the Powers that signed the treaty of 1841, it evidently becomes needless to enter into details on so painful a question.

• "The fact is, that this aggressive proceeding on the part of Russia cannot in principle be considered in any other light than a declaration of war, giving to the Sublime Porte the mcontestible right of employing military force in return. But the Sublime Porte is far from wishing to push its rights to the extreme. Strong in the justice which regulates its policy towards the Powers, it prefers reserving them in the expectation of a spon- taneous return of Russia to a line of action more conformable to its declei-- rations. It is with a view to remove every obstacle to that return that it restricts itself at present to protest against the aggression of which it has just right to complain. It thinks thereby to offer to the whole world an ad- ditional proof of the moderation of the system it has adopted since the coin- niencement of this affair. It abstains from any hostile act ; but it declares that it in no manner cements to the entrance, from time to time, of troops into the provinces of Moldavia and Wallachia, which are integral parts of the Ottoman empire, regarding them as a house without a master."

The details of the abrupt dismissal and equally abrupt recall of

Redschid Pasha are described in the papers of Constantinople to the 11th July. It appears that on the night of the 7th a special courier from Omer Pasha reached the Turkish Seraskier at Constantinople, with the news that the Russians had entered the Principalities. The Sores- kier, a devoted member of the old Turkish party, hurried to the Sultan, placed the despatch before him, and declared that a revolution must en- sue if men were not placed at the head of affairs whose characters would be a guarantee to the Moslem population that invasion would be repelled- by arms ; and that, taking advantage of the domestic crisis, the Russians_ would enter the city. The Sultan gave way ; Redschid Pasha and Mus- tapha Pasha were dismissed ; and it was arranged that on the 9th the, Sheik-ul-Islam—" chief of the elect "—should introduce Rushdi Pasha to the Sultan as Grand Vizier, and that Omer Pasha should be ordered to cross the Danube. Above all men, Ali Pasha, lately Governor of Smyrna, was to be Minister of Foreign Affairs. Lord Strat- ford de Redcliffe heard of this change, and succeeded, after a long inter- view, in showing the Sultan the danger of the step and the impolicy of precipitating war before he had exhausted all the means of peace. Baron de Bruck protested that he should look upon the appointment of the late Governor of Smyrna as hostile to Austria. At length the Sultan yielded, and the displaced Ministers were recalled. On the 7th, 8th, and 9th July,. the Sultan held the feast of the Bair= ; but the Sheik-ul-Islam refused' to do homage, and when all others were kneeling, stood haughtily up- right in the royal presence. This has created a profound sensation. There were no disturbances, and Europeans were civilly treated.

An attempt by the Russo-Servian party in Belgrade to compel the

reigning Prince to abdicate in favour of his son—a youth educated in. Russia—has been frustrated. But in reply to a summons from Omer, Pasha for the Servian contingent, the Government of that province states that it has resolved to maintain a strict neutrality.

Mr. Marsh, the American Minister at Constantinople is reported to have made himself conspicuous. On the 5th, as it is stated, he was sere- naded by the refugees ; and from his balcony he gave a cheer for "the freedom of the United States, Italy, and Hungary !"

It appears that another Hungarian refugee has added fuel to the quarrel.

between Austria and the United States. Having gone on board a steamer at Beyrout, belonging to the Austrian Lloyds, the captain informed him,' in the name of the Consul of Austria, that he was his prisoner, and that he must take him to Trieste. The Hungarian protested against this measure, and, taking advantage of a momentary carelessness of his. captors, jumped into the sea. Taken up by a boat and landed, he was. conveyed to the Consul of the United States ; who at once took him under his protection, and compelled the Austrian captain to discharge the wife and the children of the fugitive. The Hungarian was landed at Smyrna, on the 14th July.

Ressis..—Few facts cross the frontiers of Russia ; but we learn that. the Baltic fleet, of thirty-seven sail, has been twice inspected of late by the Crown Prince of Russia, and that one division had been ordered to cruise in the Gulf of Finland. There is also talk, with what truth it is impos- sible to say, of a Russian corps d'armee, 30,000 strong, having been. ordered to take up a position in Finland. The Moldo-Wallaehian Provinces were, at the latest dates, occupied by about 80,000 men of all arms ; the fortification of the posts continued; and the Russian General had organized a diplomatic chancelry, under M. de Kotzebue. We have already accounts of the oppression exercised by the Russians over the native populatit 11, in compelling them to assist the movements of the army. It seems now pretty well established that the Russians have assumed' the management of the post-office in the Principalities ; and that the Generals take precedence' as Lieutenants of the Emperor, over the Hos- podars as Viceroys of the Sultan. Troups continue to enter Bessarabia and the Crimea ; and Russian cruisers watch the mouths of the Bospho- rus, at a respectful distance.

Demenx.—Little less than a coup d'etat seems to have been quietly perpetrated in Copenhagen. On the 19th July, the Premier Oersted pro- rogued the Parliament ; and in doing SO he presented a fundamental or " ground " law for the kingdom of Denmark. It is stated that this docu- ment destroys the constitutional rights of the country at one blow. Self- taxation, the electoral law, the liberty of the press, trial by jury, and in- dependence of the jedges, are all abolished. An electoral law will be octreyed. No person in the employ of the state will without permission

be eligible as a candidate for the Diet. The budget will be passed for two years', the Diet will meet once every two years. This fundamental law will not be submitted to the present Parliament for its sanction, but octroyed as it stands. Thus Denmark enters the brotherhood of abso- lute monarchies. [A fit preparation for the Russian succession, opened up by treaty to which England was a consenting party.]

GERMANY. —Amounts from the German capitals represent the state of the various countries as anything but satisfactory. In Vienna, a plot has recently been discovered against the life of the Emperor, but so carefully hushed up that the facts have not come to light. Religious disputes threaten to lead to disturbances; and the growth of the Reformed or German Catholic party, and those who may be called Nonconformists, is noticed in many places, especially in South Germany ; while in Austrian Italy the elnonie fear of outbreaks still prevails ; and Hungary is in a state of permanent disaffection.

CAPE OF GOOD HOPE —The steamer Mauritius, which arrived at Plymouth on Monday, brought news from Cape Town to the 11th June. Foremost in the news come the rejoicings on account of the new con- stitution. Not only Cape Town, but Stellenbosch, Swellendam, Coles- berg, George, and Malmesbury, have passed hearty addresses to the Queen, thanking her for "the inestimable gift of free institutions." But some complaints come from Graham's Town' where, while grateful for the constitution, the settlers have passed resolutions complaining that its Provisions do not satisfy their moderate requirements, and especially pointing out the omission of all provision for removing the seat of go- vernment from Cape Town, or for efficient government in that province. On the whole, the constitution has been very well received. The efforts of General Cathcart to restore peace have been uninter- rupted. In a notice of the 14th May, he says that "the rebellion is en- tirely extinct, and ample precautions taken to preserve peace" ; and that "at no former period of colonial history was the Eastern Province so well circumstanced." Sir George Clerk- had arrived, as a Commissioner to settle the affairs of the Orange River Sovereignty, and to assist Mr. Owen and General Cathcart in settling the Eastern frontier generally. Notwithstanding the late war, the material interests of the colony have gone on improving. Land has risen in value, capital finds employment ; labour is in great demand ; trade is extending far and wide; roads are in progress ; and the quantity of wool has increased. In 1852 the ex- ports amounted to 735,985/. in value, 136,000/. more than in the previous year. "The imports for 1852," says a report of the Committee of the Com- mercial Exchange, "exceed in value those of the former year by 290,000/. The increase on the revenue of the customs is 38,0001.; of which the excess of wharfage-dues over the amount collected in the former year is 20001. The increase of shipping entered inwards is 21,350 tons, exclusive of coasters, which number 52 vessels more than in 1851."

It seems that rebel Hottentots still lingered in the Fish River Bush, doing deeds of violence. The Police had tracked, but had not taken them.

CANADA. —The Coroner's Jury on the bodies of the persons killed in the Gavazzi riot at Montreal have been unable to agree.

"Eight jurors found that the Mayor ordered the soldiery to fire upon a crowd, while there was no riot or disturbance to justify such order ; and that the order of the Mayor, as well as the firing of the soldiery, without the or- ders of their officers, were unnecessary, culpable, and unjustifiable acts. Ten jurors found that one man was killed by some person, supposed to be one of the defenders of Zion Church; and that those killed by the soldiery were killed in consequence of military words of command uttered by a person un- known, after the Riot Act had been read. The jurors agreed on one point— that the Mayor read the act unnecessarily ; and that immediately after he was done reading, a firing took place on the part of the military, and that several parties not concerned in the riot were killed." A court-martial on the officers and men engaged in the riot commenced its sittings at Montreal on the 15th instant, and had not terminated.