THE Object Of this publication is to expound the principles

upon readily and directly with South America, Australasia, China, and which a swift/ is about to found an extensive colony in New Zell- the Spice Islands, and have ready access to India, and to one entire land; and by society we mean, not a joint stock company, but coast of Asia and America—a boundless source of trade, when &collection of families, of different ranks, professions, and pursuits, emigration from the United States shall touch the shores of the sufficient to constitute that whole of various parts which we call Pacific. The climate is beautiful—a milder England. The soil a society in the larger sense. After stating what he holds to be is fertile ; and large forests of the finest timber offer an imrne- the true principles of Colonization, (which, as they are those recog- diate product—not like the trees of America, a mere incumbrance, nized by the Legislature and acted upon in the case of South or an article of trifling value, but a commodity in extensive Australia, need not be recapitulated here,) the compiler takes a demand, and fur which a ready market is already existing. The general view of the history of the New Zealanders; their capacity sea teems with edible fish ; and, as we have said already, the for acquiring civilization ; the manner in which their condition vicinity is the resort of the sperm-e hale. has been affected by association with the Englishmen who have The natives have a considerable aptitude for acquiring our already settled in their country, (and who consist chiefly of run- arts. They have already improved in skill in the lower ones, away seamen from South Sea whalers, or escaped convicts from even by the teachieg of the miscreants who are settled amongst our neighbouring penal settlements in Australasia ;) and dwells them. They are efficient in the mechanical employments. They upon the necessity of putting some stop to the violence, cruelties, are found to make excellent sailers. The chiefs have a great and licentiousness of this race of miscreants. He next examines desire for European, or rather British colonists, to introduce generally the advantages which New Zealand holds out to British civilization and its comforts and laws amongst them, as well as to colonization • investigates the capability of procuring, by purchase protect them from each other, from the depredation and violence the cession of the necessary quantity of land from the native chief. of captains of vessels, and the preseut settlers. The Missionaries, tame, and explains the proposed plan of colonizing and governing who are resident amongst them, speak in high terms of their ca- the territory thus ceded. The volume is closed by a description Pacities and dispositions. Lastly, the right of land is strictly of New Zealand and its inhabitants, arranged under these seven acknowledged by their customs ; its tale formally defined, and its

sections or heads— transfer rigidly maintained, even when the purchase-money is in-

tl. General Description of New Zealand. adequate. The energetic character and numbers of the people, 2. fivers, Harboure, and Bays—Soil and Population, which at first struck us as offering a difficulty, seem really an 3. Existing State of British Colonization in New Zealand. element of success. At all events, the Grecian colonies, the most 4. General Character of New Zealanders. splendid in themselves and the most important in their effects 5. Views of the Natives as to the Settlement of an English Colony in New 6. Climate and Soil—Productions—Agriculture—Implements of Husbandry to encounter.

7. Trade and Shipping. ral. Many may like to know the prospects of individual In a literary point of view, the volume of course has no claim profit. And these seem not small. There are several tolerably re- to originality, except in its exposition respecting the proposed spectable timber and shipping establishments in New Zealand, that enterprise. It only professes to be a compilation, which shall do well without the protection of law or even opinion. Runaway bring together all the existing practical information about the convicts have made what may be called fortunes in a few years; country, people, and prospects of New Zealand, so far as they may and one fellow, who landed without a penny, boasted of having be supposed to influence the colony, whether that information acquired many hundred pounds in a very short time. This, how- exists in books, Parliamentary Papers, periodicals' or private ever, was accomplished by keeping a grog-shop, and by disrepute letters. It is, however, a remarkable cote pilation, for the skill, able arts analogous to crimping, which no respectable person would vigour, and earnestness with which it is executed. There are practise. There is one fact, however, of so very interesting a no marks of the heaviness or vagueness of second-hand in- nature in itself, and so striking as a proof of the profit which mere formation about it. It is as fresh as if the facts were gathered industry will yield, that we will quote it. The actor and narrator from reality instead of being gleaned from books; and in those is a Wesleyan missionary, the Reverend WILLIAM WHITE. quasi-historical parts a Web are of course narrative, the narra- " In the beginning of 1833, two young chiefs, who had benefited by their inter- tion has all the flow and interest of a story. course with their Christian teacher, made an especial application to bim on the As an actual undertaking, the new proposal differs in its plan subject of the family property. They stated, that it would soon be all disposed from all modern schemes of colonization, and in its ultimate pur- poses from all colonization whatever. Like the settlements of the said they, 'our old foolish fathers awl friends, the elders of the people, are Romans, or of those formed during the reigns of the Tunorts and veiling all their most valuable property, and soon we shall not have a place the STUARTS, the colonists will go out in considerable numbers, where to land a canoe.' At their earnest request, I accompanied the two young with a regularly organized government and laws ; and these will be men to see the old chiefs ; who, after a long parley and discussion on the sub- regulated, if not strictly administered, by a body terming a species ject, proniised that they would not sell any more of their lands' awl we all re. of council, in the Mother Country, though this council will have turned to the mission station_, pleased with the result of our expedition. In a RAISINS AND FIGS. country amongst a barbarous race, with whom they could have RATIONALE OF F.NNEI. Intended by the colonists. On the other hand, to exalt and civi-

were cannibals, remarks that such instances of the change

The exact opposite to these tiresome personages are children. They seldom genius must of course be an accident, but the circumstances to ore conscious of ennui, because they can always find amusement; a trifle will form him seem in the course of fulfilment.

please them, so will any daub of a painting ; and if it have a little gilt stuck reason to entertain a doubt—always supposing it to be properly ID, they will be quite delighted ; and so will they be with the relation of a tale, conducted. The country is sufficiently extensive ; its area being RO matter how extravagant or improbable. But here the similarity with somewhat larger than Great Britain. In one sense, it is better children ceases, as its pleasures are all active, whilst those of the Orientais are adapted for commerce; having, from its greater length, a longer entirely passive. extent of sea-coast, whilst it is well provided with harbours and

rivers. Its geographical position is very excellent : the islands

BRITISH COLONIZATION OF NEW ZEALAND. lie in the centre of the South Sea fishery ; they communicate THE Object Of this publication is to expound the principles upon readily and directly with South America, Australasia, China, and which a swift/ is about to found an extensive colony in New Zell- the Spice Islands, and have ready access to India, and to one entire land; and by society we mean, not a joint stock company, but coast of Asia and America—a boundless source of trade, when &collection of families, of different ranks, professions, and pursuits, emigration from the United States shall touch the shores of the sufficient to constitute that whole of various parts which we call Pacific. The climate is beautiful—a milder England. The soil a society in the larger sense. After stating what he holds to be is fertile ; and large forests of the finest timber offer an imrne- the true principles of Colonization, (which, as they are those recog- diate product—not like the trees of America, a mere incumbrance, nized by the Legislature and acted upon in the case of South or an article of trifling value, but a commodity in extensive Australia, need not be recapitulated here,) the compiler takes a demand, and fur which a ready market is already existing. The general view of the history of the New Zealanders; their capacity sea teems with edible fish ; and, as we have said already, the for acquiring civilization ; the manner in which their condition vicinity is the resort of the sperm-e hale. has been affected by association with the Englishmen who have The natives have a considerable aptitude for acquiring our already settled in their country, (and who consist chiefly of run- arts. They have already improved in skill in the lower ones, away seamen from South Sea whalers, or escaped convicts from even by the teachieg of the miscreants who are settled amongst our neighbouring penal settlements in Australasia ;) and dwells them. They are efficient in the mechanical employments. They upon the necessity of putting some stop to the violence, cruelties, are found to make excellent sailers. The chiefs have a great and licentiousness of this race of miscreants. He next examines desire for European, or rather British colonists, to introduce generally the advantages which New Zealand holds out to British civilization and its comforts and laws amongst them, as well as to colonization • investigates the capability of procuring, by purchase protect them from each other, from the depredation and violence the cession of the necessary quantity of land from the native chief. of captains of vessels, and the preseut settlers. The Missionaries, tame, and explains the proposed plan of colonizing and governing who are resident amongst them, speak in high terms of their ca- the territory thus ceded. The volume is closed by a description Pacities and dispositions. Lastly, the right of land is strictly of New Zealand and its inhabitants, arranged under these seven acknowledged by their customs ; its tale formally defined, and its

sections or heads— transfer rigidly maintained, even when the purchase-money is in-

tl. General Description of New Zealand. adequate. The energetic character and numbers of the people, 2. fivers, Harboure, and Bays—Soil and Population, which at first struck us as offering a difficulty, seem really an 3. Existing State of British Colonization in New Zealand. element of success. At all events, the Grecian colonies, the most 4. General Character of New Zealanders. splendid in themselves and the most important in their effects Zealand, he. which the world has yet seen, had exactly the same circumstances

—Food—Fruits—Fish—Birds. All this, however, is large and remote, or at best gene-

7. Trade and Shipping. ral. Many may like to know the prospects of individual In a literary point of view, the volume of course has no claim profit. And these seem not small. There are several tolerably re- to originality, except in its exposition respecting the proposed spectable timber and shipping establishments in New Zealand, that enterprise. It only professes to be a compilation, which shall do well without the protection of law or even opinion. Runaway bring together all the existing practical information about the convicts have made what may be called fortunes in a few years; country, people, and prospects of New Zealand, so far as they may and one fellow, who landed without a penny, boasted of having be supposed to influence the colony, whether that information acquired many hundred pounds in a very short time. This, how- exists in books, Parliamentary Papers, periodicals' or private ever, was accomplished by keeping a grog-shop, and by disrepute letters. It is, however, a remarkable cote pilation, for the skill, able arts analogous to crimping, which no respectable person would vigour, and earnestness with which it is executed. There are practise. There is one fact, however, of so very interesting a no marks of the heaviness or vagueness of second-hand in- nature in itself, and so striking as a proof of the profit which mere formation about it. It is as fresh as if the facts were gathered industry will yield, that we will quote it. The actor and narrator from reality instead of being gleaned from books; and in those is a Wesleyan missionary, the Reverend WILLIAM WHITE. quasi-historical parts a Web are of course narrative, the narra- " In the beginning of 1833, two young chiefs, who had benefited by their inter- tion has all the flow and interest of a story. course with their Christian teacher, made an especial application to bim on the As an actual undertaking, the new proposal differs in its plan subject of the family property. They stated, that it would soon be all disposed of, and that, unless 1 could assist them, they and their young friends, and the from all modern schemes of colonization, and in its ultimate pur- younger branches of their tribe, would be disinherited and lett destitute ; 'fit,' poses from all colonization whatever. Like the settlements of the said they, 'our old foolish fathers awl friends, the elders of the people, are Romans, or of those formed during the reigns of the Tunorts and veiling all their most valuable property, and soon we shall not have a place the STUARTS, the colonists will go out in considerable numbers, where to land a canoe.' At their earnest request, I accompanied the two young with a regularly organized government and laws ; and these will be men to see the old chiefs ; who, after a long parley and discussion on the sub- regulated, if not strictly administered, by a body terming a species ject, proniised that they would not sell any more of their lands' awl we all re. of council, in the Mother Country, though this council will have turned to the mission station_, pleased with the result of our expedition. In a very short time, however, the two young chiefs came to me in great distress, no pecuniary or other interest in the colony. But the Romans stating that, although the old chiefs buil so recently made such fair promiaes, Oaionized wastes which they had .first cteitted by tilaughtering, they had just sold to ape keka macfri (foreign heathen) one of the best tiasbee districts, for articles of barter not worth more than twenty pounds ; 4 and,' added they, our natural fathers disregard our wishes and our wants ; you are the only person we can look to now as our father ; will you go and secure for us some of the estates still iemaining ?' Such an appell was not to be dis- regarded. I accompanied them with all the cash I could muster, (nhout a hunched dollars,) a double-barrelled fowling-piece, and all the clothes I could spare from my wardrobe, and made a purchase for them of two of the most ex- tensive and valuable estates in the district.

" The next question which arose was stated by themselves-4 How shall we refund to you the money and property which you have expended on our ac- count?' I suggested to them that they should saw timber and sell it to the merchants in the river, or to captains of ships from Van Diemen's Land or New South Wales. They resolved to do so; but this made an additional claim on my help. I sent to Sydney for saws, files, ropes, blocks, &c. &c. ; and I also engaged a white men to superintend them. They commenced work ; and in July 18:36, when accounts were balanced, it was found that they had not only refunded all that had been expended on their account, including the pur- chase. of land, 84c. but that they had their land clear, and hall thus acquired the means of being independent of an influence most detrimental and immoral. Moreover, they gave a 1111.1t substantial proof of their sense of obligation to the Wesleyan Missionary Society, by giving to it about thirty-five thousand feet of the choicest pine plank, to build a new chapel and other purposes : they gave their personal labour in assisting to erect it, and also further expressed their gratitude by putting into my hand an additional subscription to the same So- ciety, of sterling money the sum of 30/. bs. Id. The chapel, thus erected of materials supplied by those grateful Christian New Zealanders, stands on a conspicuous site on the banks of main Hokianga river, and is regarded by all who have seen it as one of the most commodious and graceful places of public worship on the island."

We have mentioned the strictness with which the right to

landed property is observed; and here is at once a curious instance of it, and sonic examples of larger and juster notions and fore- thought than semi-savages often display—or for that matter, many civilized persons either. The object of the company alluded to, was to found a colony ; but the plan was, perhaps fortunately, abandoned at that time. It is still Mr. WHITE the missionary who writes— ,b The next instance which I shall name has an important bearing on the re- acquisition by the New Zealand chiefs of the landed property of the English in that country. A short time prior to my leaving Hokianga to return to this country, a number of Christian chide waited upon me, for the purpose of in- trusting to me a commission to be executed for them in England, the substance of which is as follows: first, find out the persons who purchased Okara, ( Herd's Point,) an estate purchased by Captain Herd for the late New Zealand Company in 1826 or 11327, and ask them if they intend to occupy the land ; secondly, in case they do not intend to occupy it, ask them to allow you, on our account, to remit to them the price which they originally paid for it that we may again occupy the place; thirdly, tell them, if they will not accede to either, we will take possession of it. " There is still another fact, which may be of sufficient interest and im- portance to introduce here, showing the kind and extent of confidence placed by the New Zealanders in those whom they know to be their friends. " When they were fully satisfied that it was necessary and expedient that I should visit England, a number of chiefs, say fourteen, at different times waited upon me, and stated that they had no hope that any other European would interest himself to the same extent, and in the same way, that I had done in their temporal welfare; and having no confidence in themselves or their friends that they should be able to resist the tempting offers which would he made to tht ni in my absence to sell their estates, and alive to the ultimate misery of being disinhei ited, they requested me to accept of the guardianship of their estates. This I most cheerfully acceded to, taking care to make ample pro. vision for their security in case of my decease. Many more than this number I have named made the same offer, but I had not time to finish the necessary arrangements."

Many of the native chiefs have been to South Wales, and a few to England in the character of observers—Anacharses tra- velling in Greece. They do not, however, seem to have often fallen into very good bands; and one chieftain, who worked his passage over to England in a whaler, was kept on board all the time she was in the Thames, the crew not permitting him to land. Those who have become acquainted with the superior comforts of civiliza- tion, have always expressed a wish for settlers : indeed, it is prin- cipally by the native's knowledge of New South Wales and Eng- land, that the profligate characters who have pounced down there support themselves against the reprisals of the New Zealanders, as they threaten them with the vengeance of English King. The wish for a settlement, though scarcely for a colony in the larger sense of the term, was clearly put by two natives who visited England some years ago. The following is their own statement, as written down by Mr. KENDAL, from their dictation- " They wish to see King George, the multitude of his people, what they are doing, and the goodness of the land. Their desire is to stay in England one month, and then to return; they wish for at least one hundred people to go with

them. They are in want of a party to dig the ground in search of iron, an additional number of blacksmiths, an additional number of carpenters, and an

additional number of preachers, who will try to speak in the New Zealand tongue, in order that they may understand them ; they wish also twenty soldiers, to protect their own countrymen the settlers, and three officers to keep the soldiers in order. The settlers are to take cattle over with them. There is plenty of spare land at New Zealand, which will be readily granted to the set- tlers. These are the words of Honghi and Wycato." It is remarkable that these shrewd men should clearly see and admit the neces- sity of having "soldiers to protect their countrymen the settlers," and "officers to keep the soldiers in order." There will no doubt be a difference of opinion as to the sufficiency of " twenty" of the former, and " three " of the latter, fur the duties of protecting the colony and keeping order; but there must be such a number as will be sufficient for that purpose. And accordingly, it will mot have escaped notice, that, in the proposed plan of the colony, it is contem- plated "to provide for the defence and good order of the settlements by means of a militia, a colonial force of regulars, and a colonial marine."

Here is a picture, painted no later than last March, of the pre- sent system of settlement, and its effects.

" The Bay of Islands, New Zealand, is inhabited by three distinct tribes of natives. They are continually on board some of the numerous vessels that fre- quent their harbour, either to sell their produce, or begging a glass of spirits, sit which they are inordinately fond ; but principally to see what payment they can obtain from the master and crew of the vessels, by the sale, for the tiine boug, of their daughters, sisters, or female slaves. This specks of traffic is

carried on to an immense extent. At least one-third Of the provisions purchased diii ing the time a vessel may remain at the bay, is returned to the natives ia the manner described ; inured, out of the numerous English, colonial, and American whalers that are continually there, it is seldom that you board one without meeting with six or eight women and girls, with at least as many of their relations, continually in the cabin, while every foremast-man has his wife. Independent of this, the men's clothing is robbed from them by the natives girls, and handed over the side of the vessel into a canoe, where their relations are ready to receive it : high or low, chief or slave, this is the constant practice. The chief, although not actually a thief, will protect his slaves in thieving, pro. vided they be not caught in the fact. I should say that the natives of the Bey of Islands receive a revenue by the sale of their women, and what they steal, of at least seven thousand pounds annually, independent af the sale of provision, which amounts to another four thousand, making eleven thousand pounds from the shipping alone."

We might easily go on extending our extracts and observations: but our object is not so much to give an account of the colony, as to point attention to it, and thus allow every one who is interested in the subject to form his own conclusion upon one of the most singular experiments and remarkable enterprises which have been undertaken in the history of colonization.