IRELAND.

The ministers and elders of the Remonstrant Synod of Ulster have pre- sented an address of congratulation to the Earl of Clarendon, as Lord- Lieutenant; which, inter din, contained these creditable sentiments-

" We confidently anticipate that such wise, equitable, and salutary laws as the peculiar condition of our country requires, will speedily be enacted; for the en. lightened statesmen of all parties seem equally disposed to promote the interests of Ireland : and although we feel disappointed and humiliated that the ready and cordial liberality of the United Parliament, and the noble, the universal munifi- cence of the British people, during our late calamities, have been met in some quarters by ungrateful misrepresentations and indecent abuse, we can safely as sure your Excellency that ingratitude is not the besetting sin of the Irish heart, and confidently express our conviction, that the harangues of a few individuals, who seem to court an ephemeral popularity by endeavouring to perpetuate un- happy divisions amongst Irishmen, and unworthy jealousies between two portions of this great empire, are far from representing the general sentiments of the Irish people. This we can unhesitatingly say at least for Ulster, many portions of which neither sought nor required external aid; and we are loath to think more meanly of our warm-hearted countrymen in the other threeprovinces, whose des- titute millions were saved from destruction by British liberality.

"An old statesman said, some centuries ago, that 'the Irish were proverbially -fond of ,justice'; and we assure your Excellency that as a people they are equally sensible of kindness. Should your Excellency, her Majesty's Government, and the Legislature, employ those two moral levers justice and kindness to raise this country from the unhappy condition into which it has been sunk by centuries of unequal laws and official oppressions, we entertain the firmest conviction that our beautiful island, so blessed by Providence with natural advantages, will yet be- come, and at no distant day, one of the happiest portions of the globe.

"Under the benign influence of justice and kindness, religious and party enmi- ties will gradually disappear, union and cooperation will take the place of division and desultory efforts; Catholic and Protestant, landlord and tenant, employer and employed, will soon feel that they have a common interest, and learn to live in mutual affection. Education, by enlarging the mind, will improve the heart; and a well-regulated, extensive, generous system of colonization, by placing the re- dundant population of our poor districts amidst scenes of hopeful industry abroad, will leave abundant and remunerative labour for those that remain at home. Thus, under God's blessing, through the instrumentality of man's wisdom, 'the wilderness will rejoice and blossom like the rose.' " Lord Clarendon's reply blended the suaviter and fortiter very happily— "From the tone and spirit which characterize your address, I am sure, gentle- men, that you feel as I do, that neither my humble efforts nor the wisdom of the Legislature will avail—that the benignant climate, the fertile soil, the boundless -resources of Ireland, will be comparatively unproductive—that the talent and in- dustry of her people, and the participation in the wealth and power of England, will yield but insignificant results, if there exist not here a spint of exertion and manly self-reliance—if the end which all should have in view be not carefully as- -certained, and the means to it be not steadily pursued—if, in short, there be not that universal patriotic determination among Irishmen of all classes to which you have adverted, the blessings of order and progress, which now seem almost within our reach, may, I fear, still be indefinitely postponed.

" With perfect truth you affirm that enlightened statesmen of all parties are dis- posed to promote the interests of Ireland; but, knowing as I do the deep and un- ceasing anxiety with which those interests are regarded by her Majesty's Govern- ment—knowing, as we all must, how large a proportion of the Parliamentary ses- sion is devoted, and cheerfully devoted, to the discussion of Irish questions—I have grieved to hear the constant and unfounded assertion, that the Government is solely occupied with party and political questions, and that Parliament has no time to attend to Irish grievances; knowing, as I do also, the attention which educated and patriotic Englishmen feel bound to bestow on the affairs of Ireland, I have grieved to hear it said that those affairs cannot be understood in England, when every day brings fresh proof of how vast is the diversity of opinion that exists among Irishmen with respect to their own country, and how rare is the agree- ment with respect to its evils or their remedies.

"The honest indignation with which you denounce the aspersions which in some quarters have been cast upon England, is worthy of the enlightened body whom you represent. You well know that the famine with which it pleased the Almighty to afflict Ireland was at once and unhesitatingly viewed by the whole British people as an Imperial calamity; their first, their only care, was to save human life, as human means could best devise. The largest sum of which there is record in history for such a purpose was voted by Parliament, while private subscriptions to the amount of more than 300,0001. poured into the hands of an association formed of the most eminent mercantile men in London, who devoted their time and energies to the relief of Ireland. Men of high station, and in affluent circumstances, volunteered their services to administer those funds in all parts of Ireland where distress and disease most prevailed; and large sums of money, of which the amount can never be known, were transmitted hem through private channels. And it must be remembered that this took place at a moment of ex- treme public difficulty in England, when a deficient harvest and potato crop had produced great distress—when the failure of the cotton crop in America almost deprived Lancashire of its daily bread—when grain had reached a price unknown for thirty years, and when a fearful crisis existed within the commercial and fi- nancial world.

"I claim, however, no credit for England beyond that of having done her duty with courage and promptness, and in the true spirit of Christianity; and if for so acting she has been exposed to misrepresentation and abuse, I fully agree with you that such language can find no real echo among the generous-hearted and pro- verbially grateful Irish people. When, however, in addition to this, the payment of money to which Ireland stands pledged is repudiated, and when resistance to law is supported by arguments which will be made equally applicable to all engage- ments between different classes, it seems to me lamentable that the voice of grati- tude, of justice, and of self-interest, should not, in language such as yours, and in the spirit which animates Ulster, be raised against those who cannot have at heart the true and permanent interests of Ireland."

Complaints are beginning to be heard of the distress resulting from the stoppage of relief. The people of the electoral districts of Castleisland and Ballincluselane, in Kerry, are described as suffering the greatest pos- sible misery from inability to get employment. The proprietors and rate- payers of the district, however, have been stimulated to exertion. They had a meeting last week, and passed resolutions enjoining vigorous exertion and coiiperation on the landed proprietors, farmers, and other ratepayers, to find employment for the people; pointing to the Landed Property Act as affording ample encouragement to landlords to set about improving their properties; and organizing a central committee to meet weekly to consider the most profitable works to be undertaken.

With a view to lighten the burden of the repayment of the Government advances, the Relief Commissioners have issued a ciroular to the Inspect- ing-officers of the different unions in Ireland, communicating the substance of a Treasury minute designed to smooth the passage from the temporary relief system to the permanent Poor-law system. It is directed, " That no repayment of advances made under the Temporary Relief Act (10 Victoria, chap. 7) shall be demanded before the 1st of January next from any electoraedivision in which a rate equal to or exceeding 3s. in the pound is levied before that period, for the purpose of defraying the current expenditure of the permanent Poor-law; and that in those electoral divisions in which the rate to be levied for that purpose, before the lat of January next, is less than 3s. in the pound, repayment shall be demanded, 'for the present only,' to the extent of the difference between the amount required for the current expenses of the permanent Poor-law, and the sum which a rate of 3s. in the pound in such electoral divisions would produce. " With the same object in view, their Lordships had previously directed, that the produce of rates levied under the Temporary Relief Act should be applied, in the first instance, to defraying the expenses of the workhouses and of the per- manent Poor-law system, as lately amended by the act 10 Victoria, chap. 31, and that, if the whole of the produce of the rates should be wanted for these ob- jects, their Lordships would not require any portion of the amount so raised, at present, to be applied to the repayment of the loans under the Temporary Relief Act; and it is still the desire of the Treasury that the course above described should be followed."

It gives us much satisfaction to state, that an order has been received from Govesument for the discharge of the American brig Islam from the restraint placed upon her last week. This was but an act of justice towards a people who have done so much for the relief of Irish distress; and the promptitude with which the authorities have responded to the wishes of the inhabitants reflects credit upon them. The joy-bells rung a merry peal in honour of the occasion.—Galway Mercury.

The long-expected "monster meeting" at Holy Cross was held on Sun- day. The number is estimated at four thousand; of whom a considerable portion had the appearance of tolerably substantial farmers, the remainder consisting of small occupiers and labourers. The chair having been taken by Mr. William Loghuane of Boytonrath, a tenant-farmer, Mr. James F. Lalor was appointed secretary to the meeting. He proceeded at once to explain, that the object was, to establish in Tipperary the tenant-right of Ulster— Under this right, he said, a man holding land as occupying tenant had the perpetual possession of it so long as he paid his rent; the amount of the rent being fixed not by the landlord or his agent, but by "the general standard of the country, or by common consent, or by arbitration, or some equally fair and equitable mode." The tenant might sell his holding, but could not otherwise lose it while be paid his rent. Ejectments were unknown where the tenant-right was established. The landlord could not make an entry; but if the rent fell into arrear he might sell the possession, or tenant-right, in the same way as his oven estate would be sold fordebt. This tenant-right gave the tenant as clear a right to the possession of his holding, while he met his engagement, as the landlord to the fee. Mr. Lalor concluded his ex lion by reading a string of resolutions. These resolutions were seconded by Mr. Doheny, a tenant-farmer of Tip- perary; who claimed for that county the aecurity enjoyed in Ulster— There a man does not get a lease; but so long as he pays his rent he has as good a title to the holding as the landlord's to the estate. The landlord cannot remove him; but if he wishes for the farm he must purchase the tenant's interest, like any other man; "for when the landlord parts with the possession, he parts with all except his right to the rent a on, and the right to purchase back his own land from the tenant if he can. There was much talk in England about Irish landlords, and about confiscating their property to support the poor. Now the poor-rate was paid by the struggling tenant; and the day was far off when he would be able both to pay his rent and the poor-rate too. Another half-year like the last, and the landlords would be reduced to a state of poverty equal to that of the tenants. A notion had become popular amongst the landlords, that poor tenants are an eyesore on an estate, a nuisance to be got rid of; and, with great generosity and kindness and compassion, they assist the poor people to escape from the fever at home, where they can get aid, by getting them on board ship, where they find fever with no assistance, to die in a foreign land. But the Irish people. would not tamely submit to the deportation. They would not oppose violence, but they would protect themselves by the overwhelming public will of the people. Mr. Doheny admitted that a landlord might sometimes have a necessity for a particular farm; but if he has, let him pay for it. In Ulster, the landlord can sell the tenant-right for arrears of rent; but if he only wants the holding of a man who pays his rent, the landlord must buy him out. He did not wish to do injustice to the landlords; and it was for them as well as for the tenant-farmer that be asked a perpetuity of title. The landlords would then have the comfort of knowing, that in no cabin on their estates was there a single person without a meal.

The people should not be left to starve. To prevent it, let them combine to keep the food from going to England. Let the landlords and tenants themselves buy up the food, and let England send to the Baltic for what she wanted. Let her ransack Poland and scour America for food; but let her leave Ireland her own. It would be idle to call on the British Minister for assistance. He has been false be- fore in the hour of need, and cannot now be true. Mr. Doheny sneered at Mr. Bernal Osborne for having generously given his tenantry each one bushel of Swedish turnip-seed, and as generously abstained from exacting the interest on the cost—about ls. 6d.1

"The people have not the means now they had before: and this is a question for the consideration of landlord as well as peasant ; for, no matter what the land- lord's power may be—let him be able to wield the full force of the iniquitous laws made by landlords for their own use and interest, and against the tenant—let him have the unconquered army of England, with her ships of war and all her power and might to assist and back him, he cannot make a starving man pay rent. The people will pay the rent whenever they are able, but it is impossible for them to pay what they have not. I call upon you to meet your engagements where you can—I ask you to pay the landlord his rent as far as you can. Pay to the last farthing where you are able; but I only repeat the counsel of Almighty God, which tells as that we are not to starve for the sake of meeting any demand. And now this may be sneered at in certain quarters. It may be sneered at in England; and we may be called a reckless, violent, lawless people. But no matter. This great principle is beginning to be felt, and it shall be acted on. The tenantry of Tipperary at least understand their position: I trust they understand their strength also; for all constitutional law in England is supposed to be the emana- tion of the popular will. I ask you to assert your rights in the only way they ought to be asserted—peaceably, legally, but with perseverance and determination. Humble though we are, we have come here today to give the first impulse to this Feat movement. Not many, _perhaps, of those who read our proceedings, will be indoctrinated with our principles; but the seed is sown in the mind of the county; it will grow to maturity; and I do not fear that by this day twelve months you will in Tipperary be possessed of the legal right called in Ulster the tenant-right of the North."

Mr. Doheny referred to the recent distraints in Tipperary, to the effects of which he had been a witness; and he concluded by denouncing the " murder" of White- boyism, and the equally detestable crime which led to it.

The resolutions were then put to the vote, and the entire assembly held up their hands.

That of natural right, on the grant of God, the soil of Ireland belongs to the people of Ireland; who have therefore a clear vested right of property in that soil, to the extent of full, comfortable, independent, and secure subsistence therefrom; which never could or can be parted with, pass, or perish; and which no power on earth, nor any length of adverse possession, can take away, annul, bar, or diminish. " That the people of Ireland have been for ages deprived of the benefit of their natural right of property in their own soil; that their right has been in practical effect utterly defeated and diverted; and that it now requires to be asserted, en-

laced, and established." That the claim of the occupying tenants of the soil to a full and sufficient subsistence out of the crops they have raised, and to a sufficiency of seed for next year's crop, is prior and superior to every other claim whatsoever.

" That the subsistence of the people of Ireland is in danger, and requires to be defended, protected, and secured.

" That in defence of our rights of life, property, and security for subsistence, we do hereby resolve and constitute ourselves into a public league or association, under the name of the Tipperary Tenant League.

Mr. Lalor next proposed a sixth resolution, to the effect that the only title that can be pleaded to any right of private property is purely conven- tional, and in order to be valid must be founded in the common consent and agreement of the people as defined in the form of positive law; and being created by law, by law may it be regulated and limited. A number of other resolutions were put to the meeting and adopted, having for their object the giving effect to the general principles laid down in the first six resolutions.

After Mr. Lalor had appealed to the meeting, with some compla- cency, to say whether they came there to make speeches, Mr. William Connor proceeded at great length to set forth his own services in the cause of the farmers of Ireland; reminding them how he had laboured for fifteen years, and had called during that time one hundred meetings throughout the country, and how the one thing needful was "a fair valuation and perpetuity for ever." He descanted on exorbitant rents and insecurity of tenure; until Mr. Lalor, frightened at his random loquacity, tried to stop him by hinting that the resolutions had been carried and that his talking was unnecessary. Mr. Connor persisted in his right to make the subject "clear and intelligible." Other speakers interfered by taxing Mr. Connor with having been expelled from the Repeal Association; which he indig- nantly denied; and the meeting was fairly landed in a row. After some time, sufficient order was restored to allow of a form of petition to Parlia- ment being proposed; but before it could be carried, the confusion became so great in consequence of Mr. Connor's persistence in addressing the meeting, that the chairman retired from the platform in despair. Mr. Connor continued to hold forth for some time afterwards.

V The Anti-Rent movement is also assuming a serious aspect in Galway and other quarters. Where the suspicion of a seizure is intertained, the prac- tice is to remove the crops in the night. The King's County Chronicle gives an instance--

"A landlord in the neighbourhood of Clara having intimated to a tenant in comfortable circumstances, after repeated applications for payment of his rent,

that he would enforce it by distress of his property, on the night of the day on which this conversation took place, nearly 1,000 persons assembled and cut down and carried away a large quantity of grain crops.

Mr. John O'Connell, by virtue of his assumed leadership, has published an address to the rate-payers and tenants of Ireland, exhorting them, in the name of the late Daniel O'Connell, not to let the conduct of the " cruel landlords" betray them into crime, but to pay their rents to the landlords, and their rates to the Government. He reminds them that " the new law compels out-doqr relief to all applicants the moment the workhouse is full. If your landlords so impoverish you that you cannot continue to pay your portion of the rates for this purpose, those very landlords must to their last shilling supply the deficiency." And he warns them against becoming the tools of the landlords; who would not hesitate to connive at shedding the people's blood, provided they could thereby " wring from the Government some relaxation of the strict demand for repayment of the Government ad- vances." Therefore, says Mr. O'Connell, " Give not the pretext to the cruel landlord to bring the soldiery and police to slaughter you! Pay him his rents. Pay the rate-collector his rates. If the landlords and the English Parliament persist in their grinding exactions from your poverty, recollect, the land of Ireland is now pledged for your support !"

The meeting at Concilation Hall on Monday was a crowded one. Mr. Alderman O'Brien M.P., occupied the chair; and made a speech of gloomy forebodings for the coming winter. Notwithstanding the abundance of food, he predicted, matters would be far worse than last winter. A letter was read from John Archbishop of Tuarn, sending his contribution to the Repeal funds, and urging Mr. John O'Connell to bring on the Repeal ques- tion early in the next session of Parliament. Mr. John denounced the dangerous tendency of the Holy Cross meeting; and then read a statement of the Association's accounts for the ten months ending on the 1st of Sep- tember instant. The receipts (including cash advances by the Liberator out of his private funds, 4761.) amounted to 3,0311.; the expenditure was 2,940L; leaving a balance in hand of about 901. Rent for the week, 331.