jforeign anti Grolonfal.

PonamGm...—Afher an interval of four months, another revolution has taken place in Portugal. The affair was managed very quietly; every- thing bearing the appearance of prearrangement between the Court, the Army, and a new set of Ministers. The population of Lisbon are said to have generally demonstrated their satisfaction; but their conduct is mots like indifference than concurrence The new Administration is as fol- lows— President of the Council and Minister of War Marquis de Saldanha. Minister of the Kingdom, and, ad interim, of Finance Viscount d'Oliveira.

Justice J. J. Valente Fannho.

Marine and Colonies • D. Manuel de Portugal e Castro. Foreign .Affairs Viscount da Carreto'.

We extract from the Times a narrative of this counter-movement. "The Duke de Palmella received a message at nine o'clock at night, on Tees- day the 6th instant, requiring his presence at the Palace. Up-to this me. ment, the Ministry knew nothing of what was about to take place, though for some days past it was thought probable that a Chartist restoration

would soon be attempted. On the Duke's arrival at the Palace, her Ma-

jesty is understood to have asked him, whether he had made any arrange- ments for carrying on the government of the country; in short, whether

he had succeeded in effecting a money loan? To this the Duke replied in the negative; whereupon the Queen rejoined, that she had determined to change her Ministers. The Duke remarked, that the Official Mayor was not present to draw up the decrees of dismissal and substitution: to which

• her Majesty answered, that the decrees were already drawn up. Her Ma- jesty then caused the decrees to be brought; of which the Duke, of course,

signed the requisite portion; while the new Ministers who were likewise

all at the Palace, signed the remaining decrees, including that by which. the Duke de Terceira was appointed the Queen's Lieutenant in the North-

ern provinces. Count Bomfim, commandant of the first or Lisboa

military division' was likewise called to the Palace; and he and the Duke de Palmella remained there until noon on the follow-

ing day; it being represented to them that their appearing in public, under the circumstances, might lead to disturbance. The decrees of dismissal were forwarded next day to the other Ministers.

Meanwhile, the Marquis de Saldanha, being installed as the new Minister of War, signed a series of decrees, dismissing the commandants of the castle and the various military corps, and reappointing, for the most part, those who had been dismissed with the Cabrals. The news was forwarded to the castle and the several barracks; where the Chartist officers, being quite prepared for the event, called out their men in the middle of the night, to take up a position in the Terreiro do Paco, or principal square of Lisbon. This was acceded to, with little hesitation, by every corps in Lisbon except the Artillery; the only disturbance of moment occurring in the Queen's Regiment of Grenadiers, where a Lieutenant Lucena, a fine young man, was shot dead by a mauvais sujet of a sergeant, (one of those compromised in the revolt of Almeida,) upon his giving the order to his men to turn out in support of the Queen's change of Ministers. Lucena who was remark- able for manly beauty, has since had a magnificent funeral. No opposition was offered by the governor of the castle, or by the other military com- manders. The Artillery for some time declined to turn out; and some disputes arose among the officers, in the course of which swords were drawn, and an excellent and amiable young captain, named Rosier, of steadfast Chartist principles, was slightly wounded by a Septembrist officer,

and was unjustly placed under arrest for a time' when in return he dealt a sword-cut at the head of his antagonist. No further blow was struck in any direction. The Artillery joined the rest of the Lisbon garrison in the

Terreiro do Paco shortly after daybreak; and at the head of the Municipal Guard appeared Dom Carlos de Mascarenhas, its old commander. When the citizens proceeded to their daily tasks, the change became speedily known; the troops remained in the square during the day, giving occasional cheers for Queen and Charter,' and playing the Charter Hymn, and bivouacked there the following night; sending detachments to Alcantara and the Palace of Belem; and detachments of the different regiments like- wise occupied the square during the Thursday: but no popular pronounce- ment nor the slightest shadow of resistance was made. The change seemed to be generally hailed with silent satisfaction; and the very mob, who were so noisy and mischievous four months since, but whom the intervening dearth of specie has terribly pinched, seemed to share the general feeling.'

The only opposition anticipated to the new order of things is from the province of Minho; which has not been tranquil since the date of the last

revolution. The Duke de Terceira had proceeded to Oporto in a Go- vernment steamer, armed with unlimited powers, as the Queen's Lieutenants to enforce order.

A proclamation, of the vaguest possible kind, was issued by the Queen to "the most loyal and most noble people of the world." We give some extracts- " The daily complaints which from all parts have been addressed to the Throne have filled my heart with the most poignant grief: my constant thoughts and care have been incessantly devoted to the reestablishment of the public prosperity,

so violently disturbed. *

"With this view, I have called to my councils men from whom I expect aid in carrying into effect the arduous undertaking that my extreme love for this heroic people has imposed on me, whose guidance has been committed to me by Provi-

dence. .

"The change which I have just made in the Government does not signify, however, a reaction against the popular movement; but only against the excesses which subsequently it was the origin or rather the pretext of.

"The people asked only for the abolition of a tributary system of a law of health, and also the dismissal of a Ministry to which it attributed the supposed vexations which those laws produced. These concessions were made, and will be maintained. a • "The founder of the Charter in it recognized the exigencies of experience and of time. Time and experience have in effect shown the necessity of revising and altering it in some of its provisions. I reject, however, the excess of authority

which does not belong to me; nor shall it be by a simple decree that I will cause to be altered the fundamental law of the monarchy, which I consider as obliga- tory on me to comply with as it is on my subjects. "With a fall confidence in the virtues of the people of Portugal, I hope they will rally round my throne, to help me to consolidate the just and faithful work in which we are engaged. It will be for me the most glorious and memorable day, that on which I shall see the Portuguese family, forgetting old hatreds, em- bracing one another, never more to be separated. The whole secret of this desi- deratum consists in the realization of two great words—Justice and Duty. "It is my intention to ordain that immediately, in quality of my Commissioners, zealous persons of my service shall be sent throughout the provinces with the view of receiving all the complaints and representations of my subjects, and duly qualified to remedy all the ills they may recognize, and that by my solicitude might not be otherwise prevented. * * * The inflexible rigour of justice will fall, without distinction of persons, upon all those who, whatever may be their political opinions, shall attempt to substitute the empire of terror for that of morality. It remains for me to hope that this unalterable determination may not have any possible application; and that, sacrificing myself once more for the good of my subjeots, I shall continue to find in their sincere and loyal affection the blessings of Providence, the only recompense I am ambitious of for my unceasing efforts."

&Jaw AND EassreE.—In addition to the particulars given in last week's paper relative to the Royal marriages, we subjoin some further details of the ceremony; interesting just now for their bearing on the politics of the day. The officiating Prelate commenced his functions by saying— "Senora Donna Isabella IL of Bourbon, Catholic Queen of Spain, I demand of your Majesty, and of your Highness, Serene Sir, Don Francisco de Assis Maria de Bourbon, Infante of Spain, in case you know of any impediments to this present marriage, and why it could not and ought not to be contracted—that is to say, if there exists between year Majesty and Highness impediments of consanguinity, amity, or spiritual relationship, independently of those impediments that have been dispensed with by his Holiness—if you have made vows of chastity or re- ligion—and finally, if there exists impediments of any other kind, that you forth- with declare them. The same I demand of all here present. For the second and third time I make the same demand, that you freely discover any impediment you are aware of."

After some moments of silence, no one replying, the Prelate addressed the Queen thus—

"Sonora Donna Isabella H. of Bourbon, Catholic Queen of Spain, do you wish for your spouse and husband, as the Holy Catholic, Apostolic, and Boman Church directs, Don Francisco de Assis Maria de Bourbon, Infante of Spain?"

The Queen kissed her mother's hand; and being again asked the same ques- tion by the Bishop, replied, "Yes, I wish." The Prelate then said— "Does your Majesty give yourself as spouse and wife to his Serene Highness Don Francisco de Assis Maria de Bourbon?" The Queen answered, "I do."

We need not go through the rest of the form; which, mutatis mutant:is, was repeated in the second marriage.

The newly married people retired to their apartments at eleven o'clock; Don Francisco taking an affectionate leave of his father and sisters, who departed for their -residence in the Retiro.

At night, the city was illuminated; but according to the statement of the Timer correspondent, very few private houses were lighted up. The public buildings, Government offices, and the houses of a number of the grandees, were illuminated. The house of the French Ambassador, as a matter of course, was most brilliantly lighted up. It was remarked that the balco- nies of the Neapolitan Minister, Prince Carini, were quite dark—not a single torah or candle in the window. The balconies of the British Embassy were lighted; but it was solely on account of its being the Queens birthday.

-A decree was published in the Gazette of the 10th, naming the Infinite Don Francisco de Assis Field-Marshal (Captain-General) in the Army; and the Gazette of the 12th contains a farther decree, conferring on the Prince the honorary- title of "King," with the style of "Majesty." The document embodies a report to the Queen, signed by Seiler Isturiz and the five other principal Ministers, which sets forth the reasons justificatory- " The constitution of the monarchy directs that the husband of your Majesty shall take no part in the government of the kingdom; but that regulation does not prevent the person selected by your Majesty as your august spouse from enjoying the honours which are, as it were, annexed to the exalted position to which your Majesty has deigned to raise him, and which the reigning Queens of Spain have invariably conferred on their consorts. Your Majesty is, besides, empowered by the constitution to grant honours and distinctions of all kinds." There is also an additional decree, conferring on the infant son of M. Bresson, aged ten months, the title of a Spanish Grandee. It is in the following terms- " Desirous of giving a public testimony of my Royal esteem to Count Bremen, Peer of France, and Ambassador Extraordinary of the King of the French near my person, and of perpetuating in his family the memory of the marriage of my: very beloved sister Donna Luisa Fernanda, for the part he has taken in it as Plem- potentiary, I hereby grant to his son, my godson, Francois Paul Ferdinand Phi- lippe de Bremen the rank of Grandee of Spain of the first class, free of lanzas and medias analas,..with the title of Duke of Santa Isabel, for himself, his sons, and successors in his house, male and female, born in lawful wedlock."

On the 13th, the whole of the Royal Family and the French Princes assisted at a bull-fight on the Plaza de Toros. According to the Herald°, the Duke d'Aumale was the first to appear in the royal box. The Queen, her sister, and their consorts, successively arrived. " Cuchares' Espada achieved wonders. Nine bulls were killed, being one more than the eight supplied by the Duke de Veragaas. One of the bulls behaved well, for it killed eight horses. The Princes left their box only when they had seen the last bull slain."

On the 14th, the Queen and King-Consort, the Duke and Dut,chess de Montpensier, and the Duke d'Annutle, left Madrid for La Granja and the Escuriel.

On the same day, a Cabinet Council was held, at which the question of amnesty was discussed.

The Times mentions a rumour which had been in circulation. "It seems the celebrated physician M. Orfila, who has been in Madrid for the last week or ten day*, has been requested to give his opinion on the present state of the Queen's health, and as to the propriety of fallowing the mode of treatment recommended by her Majesty's usual medical at- tendants, and. heretofore practised with much advantage. It appears that M. Orfila, who is a distinguished member of the profession in Paris, re- commended a total change in the treatment of her Majesty's complaint. This advice has not met with the approval of the Queen's physicians; who have declared that if M. Orfila's system be adopted, they cannot answer for the result. One of them' M. Gutierrez, has actually resigned his place, as he refuses to sanction a mode of treatment which in his opinion may he followed by serious consequences. The presence of 31. Orfila in Ma-

drid at this moment of excitement, his French conuexions, together with other circumstances not necessary to mention, afford occasion for a thou- sand stories and suppositions, which I refrain from alluding to more particularly."

The Revue des Deux Mondes gives an account of the recent corre- spondence that passed between Lord Palmerston and M. Guizot on the Spanish marriages. The paper is understood to have been furnished by M. Guizot himself. It is couched in terms of diplomatic circumlocution, and mingles comment with statement in a way not favourable to clearness; especially as the statement is in an abridged form. We must resort to further abridgment; picking out the essential points which possess en- du-"-' interest.

Palmerston addressed a note on the 22nd of September to Lord No) iii by, which was commanicnted three days afterwards to M. Guizot. In-this note Lord Palmerston complains that at the time the French Govern- ment proposed to him to come to an understanding on the subject of the marriage, M. Bresson had received orders to conclude everything, and thus the question which the awe d'Affaires of France proposed to dis- cuss in London, had already been decided by the instructions addressed to the Ambassador of France at Madrid. While expressing the most shamus hopes that the Queen of Spain may have many heirs, Lord Palmerston touches upon the hypothesis that the Queen may have no heirs at all; and leaves it to be understood that England would claim from France the guarantee of a renunciation for the children of the Infanta and of the Duke de Montpensier to the throne of Spain. Might not the marriage, he asks, give rise in future to French intervention in Spain? The monarchy or Isabella is not at the end of its commotions. England could not remain an indifferent spectatress of an event which may have such results, but must make serious representations against the project.

In a despatch dated the 5th October, M. Guizot invites M. de Junes to communicate with Lord Palmerston on the subject of the foregoing re- monstrance. M. Guizot repudiates the idea of his having sent private in- structions to Madrid at the moment when he was asking Lord Palmerston to act in concert with him. He admits that in July he proposed to the British Government to come to an understanding to support the two lions of Don Francisco de Paula; who would be agreeable to Spain and to France. M. Guizot held the seine language in his despatches to M. Bres- son.

To this proposition Lord Palmerston did not reply until a month after- wards; and he did not accept it, but demanded that France should join him in proposing Don Henry exclusively.

The French Government could not accede to this; Don Henry having departed from the decorous and respectful course towards Queen Isabelle& which his brother had observed, and thrown himself under the influence of the most violent and blind fraction of the Spanish Progresista party—ft fraction which has done everything possible to light up civil war. The choice of Queen Isabella did not fall upon him. France imposed nothing —things took their natural course. As soon as M. Guizot witnessed se- rious combinations which gave ground to fear that the husband of the Queen would not be chosen among the descendants of Philip the Fifth, he made known, on the 27th of February last, in London and Madrid, that if these combinations should assume any consistence, the French Government would consider itself liberated from every engagement, and free to demand either the Queen's hand or the Infanta's for the Duke de Montpensier. In the month of May, the French Cabinet learned that,x:- positions had been made by the Spanish Government to the Prince of qa Coburg to marry Prince Leopold to Queen Isabella. The Cabinet could not be ignorant that these propositions had the support of Mr. Bulwer, and it expressed its dissatisfaction both at London and Madrid. It received from Lord Aberdeen the most honourable assurances. Lord Aberdeen, how- ever, soon went out of office; and the information received by the French Government left no doubt that the efforts which had been made ;for the marriage of Queen Isabella with Prince Lebpold 'Were gding tin actively: In the despatch which Lord Palmerston had addressed to Mr. Bulwer on the 19th of July, the candidates for the hand of the Queen were reduced to three —Prince Leopold of Coburg, and the two sons of Don Francisco de Paula: the three were confounded in one and the same approbation. Under these circumstances the French Government, acting on its reserved right, made an appeal to the free-will of Queen Isabella and her Govern- ment, and presented a different combination: the Queen of Spain and her Government have accepted this arrangement, and the Cortes have given to.it their unanimous adhesion. On the question of the marriage of the Duke de Montpensier M. Guiz,ot adverts to the two fundamental motives of the treaty of Utrecht,—to se- cure the crown of Spain to Philip the Fifth and his descendents, and to prevent for ever the union on the same head of the crowns of- Spain and France. These two effects are obtained. M. Guizot observes, that it would be strange to pretend to invoke of the two clauses the one which prevents the union of the two crowns, and to set aside that which secures the crown of Spain to Philip the Fifth and his descendants. The interpretation which Lord Palmerston wishes to give to the treaty of Utrecht is, besides, re- jected by facts. Never was this treaty regarded as forming an obstacle to marriage between the various branches of the Bourbons of Franco and Spain,. In 1721, Louis the First, King of Spain, eldest son of Philip the Fifth, married Louisa of Orleans, Dutchess de Montpensier, one of the daughters of the Regent. In 1739, the Infante Don Philip, Duke of Parma, another eon of Philip the Fifth, married Louisa Elizabeth of France, one of the daughters of Louis the Fifteenth; and in 1745, the Dauphin, son of Louis the Fifteenth, married a daughter of Philip the Fifth. Now, did not these Infantas bring with them in these marriages an eventual but positive right to the crown of Spain? It is not to be forgotten that the law proclaimed by Philip the Fifth, was only a sort of derni Salic law which, in excluding females until after the entire extinction of males, ended, however, by ad- mitting them. The French Minister of Foreign Affairs concludes by observing that the treaty of Utrecht will suffice in future for the interests of peace and the balance of power in Europe, as it has hitherto sufficed. As to the independence of Spam, the French Government declares that it re- spects it as much as any power can do. Spain, besides, has proved that she knows how to maintain that independence, and will maintain it the more in proportion as her constitutional regime shall be consolidated. The French Cabinet admits openly that it is desirous of a true and solid friendship with Spain; and observes, that the marriage of the Duke de Montpensier, in drawing closer the bonds of union between the two countries, will render

more secure the peace of Europe. The French Government, therefore will not admit as rules for its conduct the representations addressed by Lord Palmerston; and appeals for the maintenance of harmony between France and England to the sound judgment and equitable spirit of the British Government and the British nation.

The statement which appeared in our Postscript last week relative to the declaration of Austria on the propriety of the Montpensier marriage has not been fully borne out. The Constitutionnel now says that the Northern Courts will not realize the expectations of Louis Philippe; and will only so far interfere as to endeavour to prevent the amicable solution of the difference between the English and French Cabinets. The royalty of Isabella is viewed by the Northern Powers as an usurpation, against which there are in their opinion many other arguments more conclusive than those borrowed by England from the treaty of Utrecht against the marriage of the Infanta: so that they cannot concur in raising any objec- tion founded on the treaty, as that would imply recognition of her rights.

A writer in the German Universal Gazette of the 16th instant regrets to find that the Great Powers of Germany have determined to observe neu- trality with respect to the Spanish marriages. Austria and Prussia will protest, although the union of the Crowns of France and Spain under an Orleans is not probable. Germany must confine herself to protest against the possible consequences of the marriage; for which it is sufficient that Austria and Prussia be of accord.

The Nuremberg Correspondent of the 15th instant gives an extract of a letter dated from the Frontiers of Poland on the 7th, intimating that the Russian Government had favourably received the protest of the British Cabinet against the marriage, and was determined to march in the same line with England, relying on the treaty of Utrecht.

Galignani's Messenger copies from a provincial paper the account of an affair between some Spanish refugees and French gendarmes, on the 15th, near Perpignan. About thirty refugees were attempting to leave France for the purpose of entering Spain: about three leagues from Perpignan, they were fallen in with by a brigade of five or six gendarmes and a cor- poral, who called upon them to surrender themselves as prisoners: the Spaniards refused, and, according to the French account, attacked the gendarmes, "armed with knives, sticks, and stones." The gendarmes, in the first instance, used only their swords; but finding the refugees deter- mined to resist, and, as they cried, "to die rather than surrender, the cor- poral ordered his men to fire: at the first discharge a Spanish lieutenant was shot dead; another Spaniard received a ball in the breast; and the gen- darmes, either before or immediately after the discharge of their carbines, wounded two of the refugees severely with their swords. At this moment a force of about forty soldiers, who had also been sent in pursuit of the refugees came up and made seventeen of the Spaniards prisoners. Eight were afterwards taken in the ravines where they had concealed themselves; and the two who had received sabre wounds, finding escape impossible, subsequently delivered themselves up. All were taken to Perpignan, and lodged in prison. A. grand banquet was given to Mr. Cobden, at Madrid, on the 14th in- stant, by the Society of Economists: Many speeches were made in favour of freedom of trade; and one by Mr. Cobden was most loridly applauded— though spoken in English, which few present understood.

The Gazette de France and La Reforme directly charge Queen Christina with employing the soldiers and the fleets of Spain to place one of her sons by Munoz upon a Transatlantic throne, usurped from one of the young Republics of the West—Ecuador. "Such an expedition," says the Daily News, "has been already mentioned as contemplated but the news has now acquired such consistency that it is difficult to call it in question. It is said that General Flores, under the orders of Christina, has already col- lected a fleet of ten vessels and a body of four thousand men at Santander. The officers and soldiers composing this corps have been drafted from the . " - -,•••••r■let.e. are enrolled army, lents MIT AIMIs tam uNsisms....--r--•-• am, • Ifitit hy General Flores, but by the Government of Madrid." It appears that recruits are also preparing to leave Ireland to join the expedition. Polar/D.—According to a letter from Lemberg' ifi Galhibht, bearing date the 6th instant, which has been publihed in the jounutl deS Mats, Count Stadion, the Governor of the province, who had proeteded to Vienna to procure tnore extenkire powers, has returned to Gallieia armed with full authority, and declared the province under martial law. He has likewise published a stringent proclamation against strangers. This confirms our correspondent's prediction of the 4th instant, which appeared in last week's Spectator. Gertrassnr.—A letter from Munich, of the 11th October, states that at the last meeting of the Council, Ministers had decided to suppress all public journals. The Government is to publish a daily Gazette, which is to be the only journal permitted in Bavaria. On the 12th instant, the King of Bavaria laid the first stone of the ne Pinacotheca, or Gallery of Modern Paintings, which he is about to eree at his own expense, and into which no picture is to be admitted that was painted before the commencement of the present century. On placing tin stone, his Majesty delivered a short but impressive address, in which he said that the art of painting in its highest acceptation had become dead, but had been revived in the nineteenth century by the Germans.—Galig nanis Messenger.

HOLLAND.—The King opened the session of the Dutch Legislature oi the 19th instant. His speech described a flourishing state of affairs at home and abroad; but measures, he said, would be necessary further to encourage the importation of food, in consequence of failure in the wheat crop and in other articles of subsistence. A remedy must also be found for damage inflicted by high sea and river floods. Measures would be im troduced for placing the monetary system on a thoroughly satisfactory basis, and also for revising the entire penal code; with several others. CAPE OF GOOD ROPE.—Papers have been received from Cape Town to the 19th, and from Graham's Town to the 12th August. The state of matters at the seat of war was by no means satisfactory. The Kafirs were retreating before the forces under Sir A ndries Stockenstrom and Colonel Hare; and some successes were obtained over them in the Amatola. Mean While, the frontier from Beaufort to Graham's Town, (a distance of about forty-six miles,) in the rear of the troops, was left nearly unprotected; and through this gap swarms of plundering Kafirs entered the colony, mur- dering and plundering far to the Westward both of Fort Beaufort and Gra- ham's Town. The Governor had pushed on to Pierie, a missionary station between the upper vallies of the Keisikamma and Buffalo, and was said to be forming an intrenched camp there. RIO DE LA PLATA.—By the Ipswich, which arrived at Liverpool on Wednesday, advices have been received from Monte Video to the 27th, and from Buenos Ayres to the 20th August. Mr. Hood had arranged everything satisfactorily both with the Government of Buenos Ayres and with General Oribe. It is stated, however, that the late Ministers, Mr. Onseley and M. Deffandis, had thrown obstacles in the way of a final settlement; and in consequence some doubts were entertained as to an im- mediate peace.