lartign nuirInitial.

Irantr.—There is very little activity of a public, nature, except in newspaper controversy and placarding. The Paris journals are pertina- cious in asserting, and " proving," that Turkey has demanded of Aus- tria the evacuation of the Principalities; in replying to the semi- official contradiction of the 'Austrian Cbespendenee, the Pays uses this extraordinary language- " Prance has honourably kept her engagements. France, alone free from reproach and arriere pensee towards the Congress of Parie; cannot allow to any one Power the right to judge and arbitrate. And this which we say to Austria we say to every other Power which may find itself similarly circum- stanced."

The Moniteur publishes four of the diplomatic papers which have passed between the French and Neapolitan Governments, and which con- stitute the basis of the operations upon Naples by the Western Powers. No. 1, dated May 21, is a despatch from Count Walewski to Baron Bre-

'lies, to be communicated to his Sicilian Majesty's Minister for Foreign Affairs. It sets forth that the maintenance of order in the Italian Penin-

sula is one of the essential conditions of the stability of peace, and that the Plenipotentiaries at the Conference of Paris were unanimously agreed that the renewal of agitation in that part of Europe was by all means to be pre- vented. But the Government of Naples is wrong in its choice of means to the attainment of that end, and must he stopped in the false course of re- pressive government which it is pureeing. An amnesty, or a reform in the administration of justice, it suggested, will be found means suited to the wants of the case.

The Neapolitan Minister, the Commander Carafe., replies in a despatch to the Marquis Antonini, the Neapolitan Minister at Paris, dated June 30. The Neapolitan Government denies that any government has the right to interfere in the internal administration of another state, and particularly in what relates to courts of justice. Scrupulously abstaining from interference in the affairs of other states, the Government of King Ferdinand regards it- self as the sole judge of the wants of his own kingdoni. The only way to avert the dreaded danger is to withhold all support from the "evil-inten- tioned," and to leave them to be put down by the Royal authority. The Western Powers are lectured on the course they have taken—" The means imagined to maintain peace and to prevent and repress revolutionary move- ments is the very one which leads to revolutions. If any public outbreak were to take place either here or in Sicily, it would be excited precisely by such a course of proceeding ; and revolutionary passions would be raised not only in the states of the King but throughout the whole of Italy, by this inopportune protection given to the principal agitators." " The King our master has at all times exercised his sovereign clemency towards a great number of his guilty or misguided subjects, by commuting their punishments or recalling them from exile; his benevolent heart

feels the greatest sorrow at seeing that the majority of those men are incor- rigible, so that if our august master wished to exercise his clemency, as on

former occasions, he is, in spite of himself, constrained in the interest of the public weal not to exercise it, in consequence of the agitation produced in Italy by the ill-advised suggestions of the Governments by which the ene- mies of order feel themselves protected." Reports from Paris and Vienna having made the ring of Naples ac- quainted with the disagreeable impreseionproduced on the Governments of France and England by this despatch of june 30, the Commander Carafe apologizes first to Baron Brenier, in a despatch dated August 26. He de- precates the idea that it imputes to the French Government tendencies not conformable to the guarantees which on so many occasions that Govern- ment has given to Europe. The counsels given by France are a new proof of the Emperor's interest in what concerns the King of Naples but it is not presuming too much to suppose that the King, as the most competent judge,

should be left to choose the measures which seemed to him best fitted to procure the tranquillity, of his dominions. His kingdom was the first to re-

cover from the events of 1848, without foreien aid and by the sole action of his Government. The advice of friends is always gratefully received ; but even friends ought to understand that what is good for one country may not

be good for another. A sincere wish is expressed to efface any dissgreeable impression produced by the previous communication, and, to draw still closer the bonds of friendship which happily unite the two Sovereigns.

The French Foreign Minister replies on the 10th October ; admitting that the note of August 26th is conciliatory, but pronouncing it in substance not more satisfactory than the previous note. Count Walewski regrets that the Government of the Two Sicilies does not appear disposed to modify its atti- tude or respond to the wishes of the Emperor's Government, though there is not a Cabinet in Europe which has not appreciated the honesty as well as the foresight of the advice given by that Government to Naples. The Go- vernments of France and England deem it advisable, as long as the existing state of things is not modified, not to remain on the same footing as hereto-

fore with the Government of the Two Sicilies. The Trench Ambassador is accordingly instructed to take measures for withdrawing from Naples.

Moreover, to provide eventually for the protection of French subjects in that kingdom, a French squadron will be kept in readinese at Toulon, and its commander will send occasionally one of the vessels under his command to visit the ports of Naples and Sicily and communicate with the French Con- suls. A British fleet will be stationed at Malta with a similar object.

The high prices and high rents continue to provoke the placarded mur- murs of the people ; who print " Vive Henri V ! " " Vive le Comte de Paris !" " Vive la Republique ! " " A bas Napoleon !" "Mort aux Pro- prietaires !" "Le Pain is 10 sous," &c. Among the novelties in the manner of posting these pasquinades is the putting the placard, paste outwards, on the back of a man, who leans against the wall, and when he walks away there it sticks. Another brilliant variety is to write the words, before dark, in phosphorus. The Paris papers have been "invited" to abstain from giving, in- directly or implicitly, the difference between the real price of bread and that at which it is sold to the public. The Charivari is said to have full permission to caricature the Paris proprietors.

Stint( fll.—The King of Sweden has opened the Diet with a remark- able speech, which appears to have been received with great satisfaction throughout his dominions. He congratulates the representatives of the nation on its prosperous condition. Its industry flourishes; its commerce has reached a development hitherto unknown; agriculture has made marked progress, and by a better employment of its produce it has been able to export large quantities of grain. Two commissions, consisting of an equal number of Swedes and Norwegians, have prepared bills for re- gulating the commerce and navigation between Sweden and Norway. A mixed commission is occupied with fixing the 'contingents which each country has to provide to defend the independence and maintain the com- mon glory. Increase of production demands improved means of commu- nication, The King counts on the cooperation of the Diet for the accom-

plishment of the vast enterprises he will propose to it so as to establish a system of railways which will powerfully contribute to the prosperity of the country. This will necessitate the establishment of a new depart- ment for public works. The measures adopted since the last Diet to stop abuses in the fabrication and sale of spirituous liquors have been attended with most satisfactory results, and public opinion is strongly in their fa- vour. It will be necessary to make some modifications in the existing taxes, the more surely to obtain the desired end. The customs reforms adopted by the last Diet are to be followed up by " a bill still more con- formable to the wise principles of free trade."

XII i 1 Rel.—Thejunction of the Dutch, Rhenish, and Cologne and Minden Railways, has been celebrated in Amsterdam by a series of fes- tivities, which began on the 17th October, with a magnificent entertain- ment provided by the Dutch Government. The Prussian Minister of Foreign Affairs and several other distinguished individuals were present_ TheMinister of the Home Department, in an eloquent speech, proposed the happy alliance of Prussia, Holland, and England ; and stated that it was mainly owing to the perseverance of English talent and capital that they were this day met to celebrate the junction of the two countries by railway communication.

- OM tirrI Ilit.—The question of Neuchatel has become important as a political complication. The principal events are well known. The claim of Prussia goes far back in the history of Switzerland, amongst the anomalous " suzerainties" which the different princes of Europe profess to hold as the representatives of rights acquired, in one way or another, perhaps as far back as the middle ages. These rights were possessed in Neuchatel by the French house Chalons-Longueville, who were not sovereigns, but suzerains. At the beginning of last century the house of Chalons became extinct ; but its rights were construed to pass to the King of Prussia, the next descendant in the female line. When Napo- leon established himself as Emperor, he created Berthier Prince of Neu, chatel ; in 1815 the treaties of that day revived the rights of the Kings- of Prussia. The Burghers have always possessed among them a Royalist party ; and everybody knows the attempt of the Count de Portalea to re- establish the authority of the King by a coup d'etat. The Royalists were put down ; they were made prisoners, and they are held under the authority of the Federal Government of Switzerland—for, notwithstand- ing the Prussian suzerainty, Neuchatel formed one of the Cantons of the Swiss Confederation. Prussia put in some demand for explanations, which was repelled by the Federal Government. At the same time, that Go- vernment issued a report to which it gave a studied circulation, stating' how the prisoners were treated, namely, with the greatest humanity ; and it was understood that they would continue to be so treated, until they should be tried for the offence of rebellion against the state. The Journal des Debuts publishes the substance of a note addressed by Prussia to the other Powers of Europe, stating the position in which Prussia stood- " Subjects of the King have been arrested and imprisoned because they failed in an attempt to reestablish the Royal authority) disowned for eight years through the disastrous influence of foreign revolutionists, who imposed their will upon the great majority of the inhabitants of Neuchatel. It is intended to try and condemn the authors of that attempt : the King will not permit it, as it would be at the same time a blow against his authority, a denial of his rights, and an insult to his personal dignity. The fact alone of the arrest and imprisonment of the King's subjects; is already an insult to his authority, an insult which becomes daily more serious. This must at once be put a stop to."

Prussia calls upon the other Powers to stand by her. At the end of September last, the Government made a statement to its accredited agents in the German Courts, some expressions of which are remarkable. "Although the Government of the King must decline the responsibility of these events, the heart of his Majesty has not been the less sensibly af- fected thereby. The more his Majesty is enabled to appreciate the senti- ments of devoted duty (mistaken though it be in the choice of means) which has incited the late movement of the Royalists at Neuchfitel, the more im- perative is the obligation owned by our gracious sovereign to protect before all things the victims of their fidelity from the consequences of these events. . . . . His Majesty considers the setting at complete liberty of the prison- ers as the only condition whose preliminary accomplishment will regulate the position of his Majesty with respect to the negotiations for the definitive settlement of the Neuchatel question." The King is not at all satisfied with the assurance that the prisoners are and will be treated with humanity ; on the contrary, he insists that they shall be set at liberty forthwith, reserving to himself the right of taking " more serious measures against the Swiss Government." Mean- while, his Majesty calls upon the Germanic Diet, with full confidence in its unanimity, to support the authority of a German Prince. To that end, he has inquired of the German Governments whose territories inter- vene, whether any obstruction will be offered to the passage of a Prus- sian army through their territory, should it become necessary to take military possession of Neuchatel ? Meanwhile, General Dufour has been summoned to Berne, for the purpose of concerting with the military department of the Federal Go- vernment a plan of defence, including a general organization of the mili- tary forces of Switzerland.

X afltf5.—Despatches from General Von Martini, which were received' on or about the 17th in Vienna, are said to have removed all doubts as to the intentions of the King of Naples. His Majesty is resolved not to yield a hair's-breadth, but to let things take their course. As soon as the representatives of the Western Powers have quitted Naples, Austria will again urge King Ferdinand to send a representative la the Paris Conference ; and if he should consent, Prince Petrulla is likely to be the man on whom his choice will fall. There is some reason to believe that the King has expressed to General von Martini his willingness to send a plenipotentiary to Paris, " if the Western Powers invite him to do so " ; but it seems that Count Walewski is not yet prepared to make such a concession to Naples. The French Government requires that King Fer- dinand should of his own free will offer to let the Neapolitan question be settled by the Paris Conference ; but this he positively refuses to do.

ft lIfittg.—The recent articles in the Pays and Constitutionnel on the pro- longed occupation of the Principalities by Austria have strengthened the suspicion prevailing in Vienna that there is too good an understanding between the French and Russian Cabinets. The Vienna correspondent of the Times says, that " if the Bessarabian frontier question is to be settled by the Paris Conferences, Russia will to a certainty retain pos-

session of Bolgrad, as France and Prussia (and probably Sardinia) will give her their support. According to the Berlin Zeit, which is a Minis- terial organ, there cannot even be a question of the cession of Bolgrad to Moldavia."

The same correspondent relates a conversation which took place a few days since between Baron de Bourqueney and Prince Callimaki-

" There was the question of the conduct of Russia on the Bessarabian frontier question ; and the French Ambassador expressed his astonishment that the Porte, England, and Austria, should attach such im rtance to places like Bolgrad and the Isle of Serpents. France,' said . de Bour- queney, took up arms against Russia in order to prove to her that she was not the sole mistress of Europe ; and now that her object is attained, she displays that magnanimity and generosity which are natural to her, and yields to Russia in trifles.' The reply of the Turkish diplomatist was, that he should greatly admire the chivalrous feeling of France if she were generous at her own expense ; but her conduct appeared to him like that of a rich man who should give away his poorer neighbour's goods in order to show his generosity.' My informant was unable to say what rejoinder was made by the French diplomatist. It may be observed that men ua office are infinitely less enthusiastic in praise of Baron de Bourqueney than they were a couple of months since."

igt it was visited on the 12th October by three shocks of an earth- quake, which extended far over the Mediterranean, for they were dis- tinctly felt by the English steamer St. Andrew, 320 miles be- yond Malta, on her way to Alexandria. The crew imagined that the ship had struck on a rock, and some of the female passengers and children were thrown from their berths. The earthquake was very slightly perceived at Beyrout and Jerusalem. At Corfu it is said to have caused serious damage. The most detailed account we have is from Alexandria : there the shocks were smart, the oscillations being from North to South. " The second shock is said by those who care- fully marked the time to have lasted 55 seconds. The dogs which in- fest the streets howled fearfully, fled, and were seen no more that night. The European inhabitants abandoned their houses and assembled in the great square, the men in dressing-gowns and the ladies in their night-clothes. Among those who wept bitterly were Mademoiselle Ra- chel and her sister. The earthquake was preceded by a noise like that of distant thunder ; the sky was bright and starlit, and the sea per- fectly calm, but the air was excessively hot and oppressive. The inha- bitants, having remained more than an hour in the square, and finding no repetition of the shock, returned to their dwellings. All the mischief done in Alexandria by the earthquake was confined to the walls of se- veral houses rent, and to a quantity of china and glass broken. At Cairo four houses were thrown down, and 134 damaged ; six persons were killed and ten wounded."

[In Italy it was felt more sensibly in the interior than in the seaport towes. The shocks were severe and of long duration in Naples and Calabria ; and in Rhodes the movement was so violent that fifty houses And the celebrated tower are said to have been thrown down.] Blida HAS e 4i 11 a.—Adrices have been received from Calcutta to the 22d September, from Bombay to the 3d October, and Hongkong to the 12th September. The chief political topic of discussion in India is the expedition to Persia, the preparations for which continued to be vigorous, at least in appearance. The expedition is to be accompanied by 5000 troops—not 10,000 as some papers have stated; and the rendez- vous is the island of Karrack. Twenty ships with an aggregate of 16,000 tons had been taken up for the transport service at 11. a ton per month. One steamer, the Fcroze, had already been despatched to the Gulf with officers of the Quartermaster-General's and Commissariat De- partments on board, ostensibly for the purpose of making arrangements at Karrack for the quartering and victualling of the armament on its arrival.

Orders have been received from the Home Government to add 3000 miles of telegraphic line to the 4000 already in existence. It is understood that the Government of Bengal will reject the petition of the Missionaries for an inquiry into the social condition of the people, but will refer it to the Government of India. The petition may there meet with a different reception. Should it be again rejected, it will be submitted to Parliament, backed, perhaps, by more facts than the home authorities will at all approve. Bengal and the Punjaub have this year been heavily afflicted with cholera, followed by tremendous inundations.

" The pestilence broke out in Agra in May last, and in a few months slew upwards of 16,000 people. Thence it struck the native cities of Rajpootana, Bhurtpore in particular losing 50 men per diem. About July it began its march to the North-west, moving along slowly and quietly to Kurnaul. Then it took a spring, missing Umballah, but striking Ferozepore, and finally concentrating its strength on the cantonment of Mcan Meer. One-third of the European Artillery perished in a fortnight. It then turned on the city ; but its fury was spent, and on its return march the mortality was much less and the disease not so fearfully rapid. At Mean Meer men died two hours after seizure. A very moderate calculation gives the total loss of life at upwards of 90,000 persons. It seems certain that the outburst was in many respects exceptional. Thus the Mean Meer Artillery Barracks, where its ravages were most terrible, are notoriously the largest, best ventilated, and best drained in India. Again, the disease everywhere appears to have spared the women, and most certainly did not attack European females ; a strange fact, which suggests the idea that bad liquor may be a predisposing cause. The mere cost of the outbreak to the Company will exceed 60,0001. The surgeons universally behaved nobly ; and the scourge, as usual, brought out many acts of in- dividual he1oism."

The annual rains have this year been universally severe, and the rivers of Northern India had overflowed their banks in vast floods.

"Torrents overtopped the banks of the Indus, and burst on the plains with a force which swept whole towns from the face of the earth. The cantonment of Naoshera, only half-built, was carried away. The great cantonment of Debra-Ghasee Khan was totally ruined, the sun-burnt bricks of the building melting in the flood. The bund or dyke which defends Leia burst, and Leia has disappeared. The loss of life has not been in pro- portion,-4000 or 5000 villagers not counting for much in India.; but the destruction of property is incalculable. There will be no revenue from the submerged districts, and the Public Works Department is grievously dis- credited. In Jullundeur all the bridges burst up.

" Meanwhile, the Ganges system,' as we call it, or the system of the Himalaya rivers; began also to swell. The storm in this case spent itself on Bengal. The country of Tirhoot, which is as large as Suffolk and Nor- folk, was partially under water. In the Moorshedabad Zillah the people

ran for their lives to the fow hillocks. Boats traversed every portion of the cultivated plain. The river still rose, and a few days since fears were en- tertained for the safety of Calcutta itself. The proprietors of houses on the strand erected low walls to save their property ; but, though the water crossed the road, the inundation was averted. There are no means of esti- mating the loss of life, but it must be very great, and will be greater, the subsidence of the waters being followed by the low fever, against which the Bengalees cannot contend. The rice, too, has been rotted in the fields; the crops will not be large, and the demand for export increases apparently without cessation."

toot of Soot {1L—Files of papers from the Cape to the 21st of August have been received. They are filled with accounts of the alarming success among the Caffres of 1Jmhlakaza, one of the series of "witch-doctors," of whom Makenna and Umlangeni, instigators of for- mer Cape wars, were specimens. The new prophet announces that all the great Caffres who died during the past century will arise from the dead as soon as those living have accomplished all his decrees. These are, that they shall either kill or sell all their cattle, goats, poultry, Src.; that they arc to empty their grain-pits, and, in fact, to leave themselves without means of subsistende of any kind. When all this shall be ac- complished, then, at a given signal from him, all their slain cattle arise, together with their forefathers, who will come out of a pit or cave at the mouth of the Kye, and then a strong wind will sweep away the White men, with all the reserved cattle, from the face of the earth. The prophet has further commanded that every man shall provide him- self with an axe. All this trumpery is firmly believed by the Galeikas and T'Slambies : they are now killing their cattle by thousands ; and what they do not kill are offered for sale at one-fourth of their value. It is said that the Gaikas refuse to join in this movement ; pleading, very rationally, that they were cheated by Umlangeni, and that they will therefore look on' and should the prophet's predictions be verified by events, that they will kill too. The Caffres are also enjoined by the witch-doctor not to sow or cultivate their ground this season. Umhla- kaza, having been in the service of Archdeacon Merriman in Graham's Town, has had the advantage of that sort of education which a clever barbarian naturally derives from intercourse with civilized men. It is said he is no fool, and therefore he must have no very distant object in view, as the delusion he is propagating must soon vanish if not realized in some stirring event. In any case, it is feared that obedience to his commands must bring famine on the tribes, which will drive them to desperation, and make them as dangerous to their neighbours as hungry wolves. Preparations for such an event were in progress throughout the colony, and especially near the frontier. The Graham's Town Jour- nal has the satisfactory remark, that " at the present moment the mili- tary force on this frontier is far more efficient than on the commence- ment of any former outbreak."

Uift Stli15.—The Africa arrived at Liverpool on Monday, with news from New -York to the 15th October.

The State election in Pennsylvania, which took place on the 14th, has resulted in decisive Democratic majorities. The New York Herald says of the election prospects—" The vantage-ground thus far held by Mr. Fremont, is now held by Mr. Buchanan, and something more than trust- ing to luck will now be required of the opponents of the alarmed and aroused Democracy." The returns of the town elections in Connecticut show that of 126 towns heard from, 73 have gone for Fremont, 48 for Buchanan, and 5 divided. This is a gain of 23 for Fremont and 14 for the Democrats. Returns from Florida are conflicting. A telegraphic despatch declares that the Democrats have carried the State by a ma- jority of 500. The few returns from Ohio are favourable to the Re- publicans. The Kansas election had resulted in favour of the Pro-Slavery party. The Free State party did not vote. General Whitfield (Pro- Slavist) had been returned without opposition as Delegate from Kansas. Many people were leaving the State, for fear of famine ; and another at- tack was expected from the Missouri Ruffians. Governor Geary had caused 107 Free State men to be arrested on a charge of murder in the first degree. A party of emigrants to Kansas, chiefly from Ohio, Illi- nois, and Wisconsin—to the number of about 300, including women and children—on arriving at Taber, Iowa, on the 1st October, received in- telligence of the approach of Governor Geary with 250 dragoons to op- pose their entrance into the Territory. They, however, determined to proceed on their journey till fired upon ; and it was expected they would meet the troops at Little Nebraska River.

The general intelligence from California is unimportant. The sup- porters of the Vigilance Committee had failed in making a combination against the Democratic party, their bitter enemies ; and the success of the Democrats was regarded as certain. Judge Terry had resumed his seat on the bench. Durkee and Rana had been tried for piracy in inter- cepting the arms sent by the State to aid against the Committee, and the Jury had acquitted them without leaving the box. Peace had been restored in Panama, and business was apparently re- viving.