_foreign anti eolonial.

Iretaxce.—General Cavaignac continues vigilant and active in his rule. On Friday last, the disarmament of the first company of the second batta- lion of the second legion of the National Guard was proceeded with. This company comprises all the Rue Neuve-Coquenard, part of the Rue La- tour-d'Auvergne, and the right side of the Rue des Martyrs up to the bar- rier. The battalion of the Garde Mobile in the barracks of Poissonniere was kept ready to act during the operation, which lasted from five o'clock In the morning till four in the afternoon.

The Government unceasingly increases its effective military force. Since February, portions of the conscriptions of each of the years from 1842 to 1847 have been called out and marched to join active corps, which in the whole amount to 179,360 men. The effective force of the army has in fact been raised to 522,127 men.

The following paper, published in the official Ifoniteur on the 12th in- stant, hai, attracted pc h attention, as the peace manifesto of General Cavaignao.

-".At no period of our history has the Government of France seen itself charged with a responsibility more serious than that imposed on the Ministry presided over by General Cavaignac. The destinies of France, and, by the admission of all Europe, those of the civilized world, are, it may be said, placed in its hands. That is true now particularly, that the arrangement of the affairs of Italy has created for us quite a new situation, which the Government was the first to fore- see, and which it would perhaps have succeeded in preventing if Italy herself had been less confident in her own power. In presence of such serious events, in pre- sence of the general interests which the cause of Italy inspires in France, before engaging in a road which must lead to peace or war—perhaps to an European war—the Government was bound to take Into account all that the traditional ne- cessities of our policy and the present situation of the Republic required of our di- plomacy. It comprehended that at a period when the development and the secu- rity, of commercial relations have become the condition of the prosperity and the influence of nations, it was necessary not to lose sight of industrial interests. Penetrated with the necessity of reestablishing public credit at a moment when it was beginning to recover—persuaded, at the same time, that France would never for any consideration trifle with the laws of honour—the Government will en- deavour to reconcile its duty to the dignity of the French name with the exi- gencies of private interests: in a word, to accept war if our honour demanded it; to accept it, not in the name of a sovereign too often directed by prejudices foreign to the wishes and to the necessities of the country, but in the name of the country itself—in the name of the National Assembly, the sole arbiter of peace and war: to avoid it, on the contrary, but without failing in any of our duties, and without descending from the rank which France ought to occupy in the European concert, if to avoid it were possible. Such was the line of conduct which the Government first traced out for itself, and such was the sole policy which appeared worthy of the Republic. The Government has pursued this course of policy honourably and without reservation. It must find itself sufficiently rewarded for its efforts, since it can now impress France with the hopes which it considers it is authorized to con- ceive for the prompt reestablishment of peace in Italy through the me- diation of France and of England. The common action of the two Powers has already commenced the exercise of its influence on several points of the Peninsula. And, if we could doubt of the results which ought to be pro- duced by the accord of the two most influential nations in Europe, united by one single and identical idea and for an interest which is that of the entire world, we might add, that new motives of confidence and security are to be found in the relations which are being established between France and the other Foreign Powers. Those relations are of the most friendly character; and we except not even those Governments which the mere name of Republic might prejudice against France. We have therefore every reason to expect that the mediation of France and of England in Italy will be followed by a prompt and honourable result, and that it will serve as a prelude to a general pacification. The contest which is being pursued in the Dutchies for interests relatively secondary ought to be stopped. The German Parliament will, we doubt not, desire that its first act should be an act of conciliation, and it will unite with our efforts to conclude an accord already too long delayed. It will not forget that the efficacy of its action depends on its wisdom. Thus the Republic, scarcely constituted, will have re- awned in Germany, iiiItaly, and everywhere in Europe, the place which the timid, irresolate, and complaisant policy of Royalty caused it to lose; and France will give to the grateful world the spectacle of a Democracy which, after having regenerated Europe by its principles, knows how to restrain all the elements of force which it contains within itself, and which has no other ambition nor any other glory than that of pacifying the world."

The new loan operation has met with complete success. Of the total capital, 13,131,500 francs of Rentes, 13,095,250 francs have already been subscribed for.

From an official list published by the goniteur of the number of insur- gents still confined in the prisons and fortresses of Paris, it appears that the number is 8,258. This is independently of the 500 sent to Brest, and the 1,250 set at liberty.

The project of law relative to the press has been further discussed in the Assembly.

The 2d article, which was adopted, runs to this effect—that " any offence by one of the means specified in article 1st of the law of 17th May 1819, against the National Assembly, shall be subjected to an imprisonment of from one month to three years, and a fine of from 100 francs to 5,000 francs."

The 3d, agreed to, decrees that " any attack by one of these means against liberty of religions worship, the principle of property, and the rights of family, shall be subject to an imprisonment of from one month to three years, and to a fine of from 100 francs to 4,000 francs." By article 4th, " whoever shall excite hatred or contempt of the Republican Government shall be punished with an im- prisonment of from one month to four years, and a fine of from 150 francs to 5,000 francs." M. Lagrange proposed, as an amendment, that after the words I. Republican Government" should be introduced the following—" or attack on the principle of the sovereignty of the people, or of universal suffrage." After some discussion, the Assembly decided that the amendment should be adopted, and that it be inserted in article let. A sub-amendment, to add the words " and direct * after " universal," in the phrase " universal suffrage," was rejected.

Irshin—During the night of the 5th and the morning of the 6th instant, the King of Sardinia and the whole Piedmontese army retired by the road to Turin. On Sunday the 6th, the Austrian army, very strong and in the finest order, entered the city; and in a few hours civil and military occupation was established. The utmost silence prevailed during the passage of the troops through the Corso and principal streets. The city had been deserted by all the nobility, many of the better families, and an immense majority of the people. On the morning of the 7th, a pro- clamation appeared, signed by Field-Marshal Radetzky, declaring the city and province of Lombardy in a state of siege, stating that all offences against good order would be tried by martial law, and nominating the Prince Schwartzenburg Military Governor of Milan. The greatest order prevailed, both on the part of the Austrian troops and the Milanese. Not an offensive word was uttered on either side.

Some orders of a popular nature have been made by the Military Governor. The duty on salt has been reduced, the poll-tax abolished, and the stamp-duty altered in favour of the poor. But the National Guard has been dissolved, and the delivery of arms required.

King Charles Albert, on reentering his own kingdom, issued two procla- mations.

One, to his army, ascribes their retreat from Milan to unfortunate accidents, which deprived them of ammunition; insists on strict diseipline; encourages prompt reorganization; and promises that the day of adversity will pass, and the noble and holy cause of Italian independence yet triumph over brute force.

The other, to his people, reiterates allusion to "the fatality of numerous cir- cumstances," and pate as good a face on the surrender of Man as possible: it was done" to preserve the beautiful capital of Lombardy," to save brave men's lives and prevent a useless shedding of Irked. "It is thus, my dear people, that the army has returned among you": "it returns feared, and still capable of protect- ing you against every enemy." 'In its ranks are princes, my sons; into its ranks I will myself reenter, ready as we all are to make new sacrifices, to endure new fatigues, and give our lives for our loved native land."

On the 10th, he issued a third proclamation, headed "People of the Kingdom," which throws some light on the causes of the late reverses.

"The enemy," says the proclamation, "increased; my army was almest alone in the struggle. The want of provisions forced us to abandon the positions we- had conquered. * • * With my army I had retired to the defence of Milan; but, harassed by long fatigues, it could not resist a new geld-battle, for even the strength of the brave soldier has its limits. The interior defence of the town could not be sustained. Money, provisions, and ammunition were wanting. The courage of the citizens might perhaps have resisted for some days, but only to bury us un- der the ruins, not to conquer the enemy. A convention was begun by me; the

Milanese followed it up and signed it. • • The throbs of my heart were even for Italian independence; but Italy has not yet shown to the world that she can. conquer alone. People of the kingdom ! show yourselves strong in a first refs

fortune. Employ the free institutions that have risen among you. * • Re- pose confidence in your King. The cause of Italian independence is not yet lost." The Paris Univers pablishes and bruarantees the ituthenticity of another account- " The Milanese have acted in the most incredible manner, and the exasperation. against them in Piedmont and in Savoy is at the highest pitch. During the conflicty Charles Albert received no effectual assistance from them; for they were only occupied with their internal dissensions. The King called the chiefs of the Com- mittee of Public Safety which he had established before him, and declared to them that if his army alone were left to bear the burden of the war, Milan would soon be carried. A few hours after, these very chiefs went and presented aproposal of capitulation to Radetzky, unknown to Charles Albert. The Austrian com- mander imposed his conditions and only signed the capitulation subject to the ratification of the King. The 'Milanese then carried it to Charles Albert; who expressed his surprise and dissatisfaction, and affixed his signature, saying, cannot defend you in spite of yourselves.' A large body of the Ultra-Repubhcans then came to complain to the King of the capitulation. 'What are you? was his reply: 'The chiets of your;Government have capitulated without my knowledge. Come to an understanding amongst yourselves; let me know what the majority of the Milanese require; if they wish it, we are ready to fight to the last ex- tremity.' They demanded from the King a delay of twenty-four hours to collect signatures; at the expiration of which they brought him one hundred and fifty. The King told them, 'All is over; Milan is lost through your own fault.'"

The text of the armistice between the Sardinian and Austrian armies has appeared. By it the fortresses of Peschiera and Osopo, and the town and provinces of Venice, are to be evacuated; the troops receiving safe con- duct to the Sardinian states. The armistice is for six weeks. The Austrians occupied Feriara on the 3d instant. General Welden is- sued a proclamation promising lenient treatment if no resistance were of- fered, but fire and sword if the oontrary. He declared his occupation of the Papal territory to be provisional only, till disturbances had been put down.

The Austrian troops under General Welden having arrived at. Bologna, he levied a heavy contribution of money from the citizens, and, demanded hostages for the payment, and for the subjection of the Bolognese. The tocsin was sounded on the 8th; the whole people rose, and drove the Aus- ' s out of Bologna. The Austrians concentrated 2,500 men at Mon- sagnola, and thence bombarded the city. This position was attacked by the citizens, and actually carried by storm; the Austrians losing prisoners and their standard. On the 9th, the Austrians were returning with rein- forcements; but the National Guards and citizens prepared to fight_to the last. They have abundance of ammunition.

Rome, on the 8th, was in immense excitement at the fate of Milan. An address to France, calling for intervention, had been signed by multitudes of citizens, and been ratified by the lower Chamber. Letters from Florence, of the 6th instant, describe the course taken by the Grand Drake Leopold. The Gonfalonieri, Baron Beltino Ricasoli, not succeeding in forming a new Ministry, the Ridolfi Ministry was requested by the King to hold their places. They consented, if the Chambers would give a vote of confidence. Upon this an extraordinary session of the two Chambers was held on the night of the 5th, at which a vote of confidence was passed by acclamation. Next day appeared a proclamation, signed by the Grand Duke and countersigned by Count Ridolfi, saying-

" Tuscans! If the force of arms alone could completely preserve us from the dangers which threaten us so nearly, it would undoubtedly be a generous reso- lution to place all hope of salvation in arms alone. But at present we should not have the certainty of being able to resist, alone and ill-prepared, a conquering enemy, who has already invaded the territory of two neighbouring states without

i fearing the obstacles which may check him. All hope, however, s not lost, and victory may again come to crown the confederated arms.

" The forces of Italy are not exhausted in consequence of the reverses sustain- ed. The encouragements of Europe, which animated her in such a glorious en- terprise, have not abandoned her. As for ourselves, we do not despair of the des- tinies of Italy; and we an decided to persevere in the cause which has already made us associate our arms to those of the King Charles Albert, from which, not- withstanding our reverses, we can never separate. But we must now have time to repair the losses sustained, and to save the country from an unforeseen danger. "In thus acting, we have in nowise the intention of compromising honour, but to maintain intact our forces for better chances. The means are offered us in the spontaneous mediation of England and France. This mediation gives us the confidence that the frontiers of our state will not be violated if interior order be maintained, and if the measures which the Government must and desires to take, and which it has already taken for defence, be executed without agitation. My Government, strong by the vote of the National Assembly, has believed it right for the common welfare to accept the amicable offers of the said two Powers."

Gsamauv.—The Ministry of the Empire has undergone some changes, and the following list is now formally announced. President of the Council (without portefeaille)—The Prince of Leiningen. Foreign Affairs—Mr. Heckseher, of Hamburg; Under-Secretaries of State, Mr. Von Bregeleben, of Darmstadt, Baron Max Von Gagern, of Wiesbaden. Interior—Mr. Von Schmerling, of Vienna; Under-Secretaries of State, Mr. Bas- sermann of Mannheim Mr. Von Wank of Vienna.

Justice—Mr. Robereldohl, of Heidelberg; Under-Secretary of State, Mr. Widen- mann, of Dusseldorf.

War—General Von Pencker; Under-Secretary of State, Major Von Brand; both of the Prussian army. Finances—Mr. Von Beckerath, of Crefeld, near Dusseldorf; Under-Secretary of State, Mr. Mathy, of Carlsruhe. Commerce—Mr. Duekwitz, of Bremen; Under-Secretaries of State, Mr. Mavis- semi, of Cologne, Mr. Fallati, of Tubingen. The debate on the election of the Republican rebel Hecker, for a dis- trict in Baden, was resumed on the 10th; and, after a somewhat uproarious discussion, ended in the Assembly's declaring the election null and void, and ordering a new one without delay. The votes were 350 for, and 116 against Hecker.

The Cologne papers mention the arrival of guests to join in celebrating the six hundredth Cathedral anniversary festival; among them the Regent of the Empire and the King of Prussia.

osrnra.—The Emperor left Inspruck on the 8th instant, on his return to Vienna; where he was to arrive on the 12th.

The National Guard of Vienna are subscribing to present Marshal Radetzky with a sword of honour.

A report appears in the Vienna papers of explanations given by the Prime Minister on the 3d instant, touching the Croatian question and the relation of Austria to Germany- " The Cabinet are in a state of utter ignorance with regard to the negotiations between the Hungarian and Croatian Deputies and the Archduke John. Count Bathyany, the Hungarian Deputy, has merely left a note, in which he asks, first, whether the Austrian Cabinet are prepared to give their fall adhesion to the pragmatic sanction respecting the integrity of the Hungarian Crown; and, se- condly, whether the Cabinet, during the present dissensions with the Hungarian dependencies, intends to maintain the rights of the Crown with respect to the pragmatic sanction?

'The Ministry have answered the first question to the effect, that the prag- matic sanction has never been doubted by the Austrian Dlinistry, who are resolved to maintain it in all its bearings. As to the second question, the Ministers, ac- quainted as they are with the claims of the Croatians, have yet to learn that the latter intend to secede from the Hungarian Crown; and they too, in their tarn, appeal to the pragmatic sanction. The Cabinet are convinced that peace in the 'limner can be preserved only by giving equal rights to all nationalities. The Austrian Ministry have not as yet receivedT any answer. But do not think that we will take up the gauntlet which the Minister of Buda-Pesth [Kossuth) has flung down before us. It is not a fair challenge, nor is it a fair combat. A doable-edged sword is offered to us, that we may wound ourselves with it before we can attack our adversaries. Abuse and suspicion have been thrown at us by the Hungarian Parliament. We have a reply to abuse, and we owe it to our- selves and to the country not to allow those suspicions to do their worst. We have been accused of reactionary tendencies—of a plan of gulling the people of Austria back under the rule of despotism. If there be one of you who suspects as of such designs, let him speA and we are ready to resign this very mo-

ment. • • • ' •

"The Italian question is, at the present moment, of still greater importance than that of Hungary. One report of victory speedily follows another, and it is time seriously to think of peace or of a universal European war. The general Opinion, warlike as it may have been before, begins to be inclined every day more and more to peace. The general inquiry is what is to be done next? Thus, for in- stance, says the Universal A astrutn Ca:tette= Radetzky's mission was to com- pel the Italian provinces to a peace.' As long as our army was at a disadvantage, a regard for the honour of our troops forbade us to withdraw them. But when now the valiant leader, anxious for new deeds of glory, overstep his mission, and instead of seeking peace zealously pursues war, we must abandon him; we Must in a voice of thunder send our veto to him; and we must recall our friends ?Ind brethren, in order not to expose them any longer to useless danger, not to be 4lotehered for the idle fancy of glory and honour. We ought to declare ourselves *responsible for the consequence.s of the insane undertaking; we ought openly to oeclare abroad that we have no share in these invasions; we ought to remind the dynasty that the policy of the nation demands peace—that she will not permit peace to be disturbed for the maintenance of treaties concluded by Metternich in 1815—and that she does not recognize any other warfare except that of defence. The crossing of the Tessin° would not only separate the Austrian army front Austria—would not only change its state of discipline and order into that of anarchy and mutiny—but it would be an act of high treason to our common fatherland. Beyond the Tessino, Austria would have to meet France as an enemy. The ob- ject would consist in nothing but the satisfaction of a barbarous desire for war; but the consequences would be a universal European war—a war which would make Germany repent of ever having considered Austria part of itself—a war the end of which would lead the nations back to slavery, and at the same time render the continuance of the dynasty impossible."

RUSSI-1.—The German papers publish letters from St. Petersburg of the 3d instant, stating that the cholera has gradually disappeared in that town. The cholera hospitals have been shut up by order of the Emperor.

The official Journal de Sc. Petersburg contains some reflections on the course pursued by Russia in the affairs of the Danubian Principalities, with a statement-

" The late events which happened in the Danubian Principalities have forced his Majesty the Emperor to march a corps of troops into that country, for the restoration of order, and for the purpose of cooperating with the troops which the Porte had already sent there." The Journal anticipates that the Imperial motives for these steps will be criticized and misinterpreted ; but it rejoices in having facts to oppose to all suppositions-

" We occupy Moldavia with the consent of the Ottoman Porte; and our troops will, if necessary, coOperate with the Turkish forces. Besides, let the past bear witness for the present. The Principalities were in former times repeatedly occupied by us, either wholly or in part; but, faithful to our word, we have at all times evacuated them when the conditions were fulfilled from which our return depended. In the present instance, too, do we intend to act in the same manner. When legal order shall be established in Wallachia, or when the Porte shall opine that sufficient guarantees for the future quiet of either province have been given, then will our troops retire to their former strictly defensive position near the frontier."

UNITED STATES.—The Royal Mail steam-ship Hibernia arrived at Li- verpool on Tuesday; bringing papers from New York to the 2d, and Hali- fax to the 5th instant.

In Congress, the compromising measure for the government of the new Anglo-Mexican territories has been defeated. The House of Representa- tives refused even to entertain the bill passed by the Senate. The Whigs of Pennsylvania have ratified the nomination of General Taylor as candidate for the Presidency. In Mexico, a battle had taken place between Bustameute, commanding the Government forces, and Paredes at the head of the revolters. Both sides claimed the victory. In Yucatan, the war had taken a favourable turn for the Yucatecos; the Indians being signally defeated in several en- gagements.