_foreign antr (Colonial.

ArzrEas.—More disasters to the French troops are reported. The army of Colonel Cavaignac had sustained a fresh defeat; which is thus narrated by the Semaphore de Marseilles- " The garrison of the small camp had begged of General Cavaignac some rein- forcement; which their numerical weakness, in a country in open revolt and tra- versed by Abd-el-Kader's hordes, rendered extremely urgent. In order not to re- duce his squadrons, General Cavaignac chose out of the hospital two hundred men who were deemed sufficiently recovered to return to active duty. Care was had to take the ablest of these men—in fact, only such as were perfectly convalescent. A detachment of Zouaves was added to them. This small column set out, but was soon surrounded by hosts of Arabs. It was impossible for them to defend themselves. The two hundred men accordingly were forced—a thing which had never hitherto occurred in Africa—to lay down their arms, and yield themselves up prisoners to Abd-el-Rader." In confirming this report, on official authority, the Journal des De'bats adds an explanation partly to account for the surrender:— " The Idontagnac column was in a certain measure a picked body i of men, com- posed of Orleans Chasseurs and Hussars, already well exercised n the war in Africa. It succumbed, but in detail, and because it was divided. The two hun- dred men of Ain-Timouschen were convalescent invalids from the different corps; who were sent from the Oran side by a road hitherto frequented without accident, and in a district where profound peace had reigned for four years without being once troubled. A fatal chance all of a sudden destroyed two small isolated frac- tions of our army in Africa, after so many successes."

A despatch written by Colonel Gdry at Ormanza recounts the furious attacks which he has had to stand in marching with three hundred infantry, two hundred and fifty cavalry, and two howitzers, from Mascara to the bivouac whence he wrote. At one place, the Arabs, or Kabyles, are stated to have left ninety dead bodies round the French camp; Colonel Gery had to struggle with the Arabs man to man; and at another place, neither party having any more powder, the struggle ended in throwing stones. In a razzia" by the French, however, a number of sheep and oxen, together with the women and children of the " douar," were captured.

General Bonrjolly had been victorious in an encounter with the tribes under Bou-Maza; the French killing one hundred and fifty men, and capturing one hundred horses.

The Moniteur publishes official accounts of the former reverses; but they add no new information, only confirming the unofficial reports. There is, however, iu a despatch written by General Lamoriciere, on board a vessel in the roads of Tenez, on the 29th September, a glance at his future move- ments. He mentions that the insurgent forces under the command of Bou Mara, opposed to Colonel St. Arnaud, in the district of Orleansville, amounted to at least 1,500 horsemen and 2,500 infantry-

" I am afraid," adds the General, " that the two columns of Mostaganem and Orleansville will not be able to suppress the insurrection of the Fates, Beni Ouraghis, and Oaarensenis. Nevertheless, the events in the West will in all pro- bability oblige me to lead against Abd-el-Rader the reserve of infantry which I am bringing with me from Algiers. Our main object will be to prevent ajunc- tion between the Western and Eastern insurgents. General Cavaignac had not yet collected all his forces when the catastrophe of Colonel Montagnac occurred. He may have experienced some difficulties in uniting his detachments, and it is very probable that I shall have to proceed in that direction. In this case, the co- lupins of Mostaganem and Orleansville will continue to protect the tribes which have not joined in the insurrection. General Reveu will return from the South, and General Morey from the Daira; and with the aid of those reinforcements it will be possible to penetrate into the mountains, which are now the centre of the in- surrection."

On the 24th September, Abd-el-Kader passed through the small town of Nedroma, four leagues South-east of the port of Ghazaouat; moving to- wards Algiers. His force is reckoned, with apparent exaggeration, a 10,000 men, including 4,000 cavalry. The Journal des _Mats announces that an ordinance will shortly issue to modify the position of Jews in Algeria: it will " constitute religious unity among these half-barbarous men," " call them into civil existence, and attach them to France."

Faiwen.—Marshal Bugeaud arrived at Marseilles on the 11th instant, and embarked for Algiers on the evening of the 13th, in the Panama steam- frigate. It was expected that he would reach the African coast on the 15th.

The Epoque asserts that the resolution taken by the French Gevernment to pursue Abd-el-Kader into Morocco has received the full assent of the British Cabinet; and that not only will there be no objection to the attack about to be made by France, but that the English Cabinet will address to the Emperor of Morocco earnest recommendations to make decided and vigorous efforts against Abd-el-Kader. The Journal des Debate copies from the Conseroateur de la Dordogne the following extraordinary letter by Marshal Bugeaud, addressed to the Pre- fect of Perigneu.x.

" ExeldenU, 6th October.

" Mon cher Prefet—Chef d'Escadron Rivet has brought most disastrous news from Algiers. The army and the people are loudly crying out for my return. I have too much right to complain of having been abandoned by the Government to my enemies in the press and elsewhere, no to have been completely deter- mined not to return to Algiers without the commission I have demanded, and assurances that some of my fundamental ideas should be complied with; but late events are too grave for me to make any terms for my return to the field of danger. I have, therefore, decided upon taking my departure the day after to- morrow. I will devote to you half-an-hour to give you the bulk of the news. One word, however, in the mean time. Abd-el-Kader has entered the West o the province of Oran. The garrison of Djema has been almost totally destroyed. We have lost there a Lieutenant-Colonel. a Chef d'Escadron, a Chef de Bataillon, all the officers of the column, and about four hundred soldiers. General Ca- vaignac, informed of the approach of Abd-el-Kader, and the revolt of the tribes on the left bank of the Tarns, went out and fought two great battles, of the results of which we are ignorant. All we know for certain is, that he has re- turned to Tlemcen. This great success of Abd-el-Kader must have set the whole of the province into a ferment. On our aide great faults have been committed; symptoms of revolt have been shown at other points; and General Bourjolly was little in condition to reduce the insurrection on the Mina. It must have gained some ground; and there is much reason to fear that a great war is about to be recom- menced. Alas ! events but too well justify the opposition I made to the unnecessary extension of the civil administration and the reduction of the army, in order to cover the expenses of this extension. My heart is torn with grief at such mis- fortunes, and so much blindness in the governors, and in the press which rules us much more than we are willing to confess. MARSHAL Dr(' n'Istr." Many other stories of the Marshal's extraordinary demeanour aro cur- rent. The correspondent of the Times strings together a few- " The Marshal arrived in France in the sullen mood of a spoilt schoolboy. He found that Ministers were indisposed to indulge his whims and caprices in respect of Algeria, or to bestow upon him the Ministry of War, from which Marshal Souls might be expected almost immediately to retire. His position was consequently embarrassing, when (for him a species of godsend) came this unexpected reverse of the French arms in Algeria. Seizing upon it with avidity, he, as you will have seen by his letter, started at once for Marseilles, unadvised, without orders, and utterly uninstructed, to resume, upon public grounds, and to save the colony' a government that it was not certain would ever again be committed to him. This was not all, however. Not content with this unauthorized, this audacious pro- ceeding, he chose to publish, in the shape of a letter to M. Mareillac, Prefect of the Dordogne, the letter I have referred to The effect of this extraordinary pub- lication upon Ministers was that which you may suppose. They were rendered furious, and none of them more so than M. Guizot. It is to be supposed that the telegraph would be instantly set to work to communicate with him upon it at Marseilles ere he could embark ; but his contempt of a previous telegraphic sum- mons to Paris rendered a more formal and official course imperative. It is not by coming to Paris,' said he, in reply to that summons, that I can conquer Abd- el-Kader ; I can, and will, only do it in Algeria.' This experience of the Mar- shal's contumely showed Ministers the inutility of an informal order or command. Yesterday morning, therefore, 11I. Guinst despatched a courier to Marseilles to order Marshal Bugeand not to embark for Algeria without recalling or recanting the whole of the letter in question."

Marshal Bugeaud has published another letter saying that the publica- tion of his letter to the Prefect was a breach of confidence, and that " the sense of the reflections " had been altered. The Constitutiotmel says that the Prefect is to be superseded.

A telegraphic despatch reached Toulon on the 7th instant, directing the pre- paration of all the larger steamers at anchor in the port to receive troops on board: they were all to be ready within eight days. The Titan steamer had been sud- denly despatched to Algeria, on a special mission: it is supposed that she conveys instructions to General De Lamoriciere. The greatest bustle obtains in the port.

The .Moniteur publishes the return of the proceeds of the indirect taxes and revenues during the nine months of 1845 ending on the let October, which amounted to 588,084,000 francs. This is equal to an increase of 30,991,000 francs over the corresponding period of 1843, and of 14,235,000 francs over 1844.

A domiciliary visit was paid by the French Police, on Friday, to two Italians resident in Paris. The Moniteur denies that it was in any way connected with the insurrection of Rimini: " that visit had nothing to do with the affairs of Italy." Nevertheless, it is understood that the visit was on political grounds.

SPAIN.—The Emancipation of Toulouse asserts that Queen Isabella the Second has been secretly married to the Count de Montemolin, eldest son of Don Carlos; Munoz being the Count's proxy in the ceremony. The same report is given by the Madrid correspondent of the Morning Post; who adds, that the marriage is not to be solemnized until the Queen com- pletes her sixteenth year.

Instr.—Some later accounts represent the preceding reports of the in- surrection in the Papal States as exaggerated, and assert that it was con- fined to Rimini: but the limitation appears to be against all probability. It is stated with much confidence, however, that there was no movement at Ravenna; which seems in some way to have been confounded with Rimini. It is supposed that the Austrian Government was prepared for the move- ment; as the garrison of Ferrara was reinforced, on the 30th September, by 1,500 men. Austria has sent three war-ships to cruise on the coast of Romagna, and two more are to be sent.

A letter from Florence, of the 9th instant, states that the insurgents who had escaped from the Papal and Austrian soldiers were dispersed in the Tuscan Appenines. The Grand Duke had declared that an understanding which had hitherto been observed with the Roman Government, for the mutual extradition of political offenders, should not be observed now ; and he had given orders for embarking the refugees in a vessel lying in the port of Leghorn, and landing them at Marseilles. This decision had ex- cited the greatest enthusiasm at Florence; and the Grand Duke, whenever he appeared in public, was hailed with the warmest acclamations.

The Journal des Debats publishes the following translation of a docu- ment which has been secretly printed in Italy, and lately distributed in the Legations.

" Manifest of the People of the Roman States to the Princes and People of Europe.

" When the Sovereign Pontiff Pius VII. was restored in the Roman States, he announced motu proprio his intention to establish a regime analogous to that of the former' kingdom of Italy,' and adapted to the wants as well ae the progress of civilization. In a short space of time, however, the publication of a civil and criminal code, founded on principles which had become obsolete, clearly showed that he was anxious to return to the odious past, and was unwilling to fulfil the promises made, and follow the counsels which the Congress of Vienna had given to the Court of Rome. The clergy were covered with dignities and privileges, and the laity were deprived of all offices of even the smallest importance. Not- withstanding these cruel deceptions, public discontent did not manifest itself by acts of violence, even in the years 1821 and 1822, when Naples and Turin set up the cry of Liberty I' "After the Austrians had repressed the movement of those two Italian pro- vinces, the Pontifical Court, when it had recovered from its fright, instead of evincing gratitude to the people for the quiet attitude they had preserved during the disturbed state of public feeling, wished to take vengeance upon the thoughts, the sentiments, and the secret wishes of the people through the instrumentality of a political inquisition, which cast forth the seeds of its party hatred, and of which we may expect at a later period to reap the sanguinary fruits. Pius VII. died in 1828, and he was replaced by Leo X.H.; who declaimed against thefrienda

of civil, and sent as Governor of Romagna one Reverela, who, at once se-

Ilertydt, teaser and ju incarcerated or exiled' the people without paying the slightest respect to condi on, age, or previous exemplary life. At the same time that the new Banff thus persecuted the opinions of the people, he applied-the axe to the root of-civilization in reestablishing and amplifying the privileges of mortmain, corn

pitting that system by the abolition of the district tribunals, and by putting in active operation the tribunal of the Holy Office. He granted power to the priest- hood to try and decide upen the causes of the laymen; he ordered the Latin language to be used in the courts and' universities; he intrusted exclesively to the priesthood public instruction and all the civil establishments of beneficence.

"As if Rivera' had not thus suffleientlycompressed and afflicted the provinces, he gave him for assistance an extraordinary commission, composed' of priests and

officers; who desolated and oppressed the people for many years to such a degree that the sa&recollection ofit is vivid'at the present day. To Leo XII. succeeded Pius VIII.; who, following in the footsteps of his predecessor, never dreamed of removing the public grievances. Shortly before his death, the Feench Revolution of 1880 took place, followed by similar movements in several of the European states. During the vacancy of the Apostolic chair, the people of the Roman States thought the occasion propitious to seek an amelioration of the forms of the go- vernment. The arbitrary authority. was destroyed from Bologna as far as the capital; and it fell without any efforts or violence on the part of the people. The Government certainly would not have been able to reestablish it without great modifications, had not Austria instantly come in with her troops to render it a helping hand. Nevertheless, this Power, at the same time that it compressed the popular movement, addressed itself to France, England, and Prussia, to concur in persuading the new Pontiff (Gregory XVI.) to improve the form of government, and secure its tranquillity- for the future. To this end, the Ambassadors of the four Powers, on the. `lie of May 1881, presented a diplomatic note, in which, among other mformie they proposed that laymen should be admissible to all civil administration and judiciary dignities and employments ; that certain electors

should appoint the Municipal Councils, and the latter the Provincial Councils; which, in fine' would elect a. Supreme Court, resident at Rome, intrusted with the ation of the civil and military expellees, as well as the service of the public de

" Upon the publication of this important act, the Pontifical subjects allowed hope to germinate in their hearts. The Pontiff himself announced that these ameliorations would prove the commencement of a new mra: but the hopes of the

people, which had been raised, were very soon dispelled, when the edict of the 5th of July made its appearance, in which no-mention was made of the Municipal

election, nor of the Supreme Council of State, nor of any of the institutions suit- able to temporal monarchies. However, the Austrians being yet in Lombardy, the guardianship of the towns and the maintenance of order remained confided to

the citizens organized,under the approbation of the Government; and tranquillity reigned everywhere. It was deemed expedient to institute a legal proceeding. The provinces sent. to Rome deputations composed of men of great talent and consideration, and the most recommendable, to entreat the Sovereign to grant the institutions which had been promised, and which were calculated to establish harmony between the governors and the governed: but the Court, which detested all innovations, no matter how moderate they might be, paid no attention to their request.

' At that period, Cardinal Albani assembled a troop at Rimini, composed of men capable of committing every excess; and 'with this assistance he was in-

structed to instal despotism in the provinces. This was the reign of those gross and ferocious men who under-the title of Pontifical Volantaces were ready to murder all persons designated as Liberals. "For ten years, it was neither the Pontiff, nor Rome, nor yet the Cardinals who governed the Legations, but this brutal and sanguinary faction. The military

commissions (courts-martial)' yet continue to exercise their ftmctions; passing sentence without form. of procedure, without allowing the assistance of counsel, condemning a vast number of people to prison, exile, death, and confiscation. "Is it to be wondered at, therefore, that the people have cried out against such grievances? We are reproached for demanding civil reforms having arms in our

hands: but we supplicate all the Sovereigns of Europe to consider that imperious necessity has driven us to it; that we have no legal means of manifesting our wishes, possessing no public representation whatever, nor even the simple right of petition; and are reduced to such a state of servitude, that to make a demand or complaint is regarded as an act of high treason.

"Our wishes are pore. They have for their object the dignity of the Apostolic throne, as well as the rights of the country and humanity. We venerate the ec- clesiastical hierarchy and all the clergy. We hope that his Holiness will ac- knowledge the noble essence of civilization which Catholicity implies; and also that our wishes may not be interpreted in a sinister manner by Italy and Europe. We proclaim aloud our respect for the sovereignty of the Pontiff, as head of the Universal Church, without restriction or condition. As to the obedience which he has a right to expect as-temporal sovereign, the following are the principles which we.giye him for basis, and the demands which we make known: " That he give an amnesty to all political prisoners or accused from the year 1821 up to the present period; that he give a civil and criminal code modelled upon those of other nations of Europe, embracing the publicity of debate, the in- stitution of the jury, the abolition of confiscation, and likewise that of the pain of death for crimes of high treason; that the tribunal of the Holy Office shall exer- cise no jurisdiction upon laymen, and that the latter no longer submit to the jurisdiction of the ecclesiastical tribunals; that political offences shall always be judged by the ordinary tribunals and according to the ordinary forms; that the Municipal Councils be elected freely by the citizens, and the choice approved by the Sovereign; that these Councils elect Provincial Councils upon a triple list pre- sented by the Municipal Councils, and that the Supreme Council of State be named by the Sovereign from the lists presented by the Provincial Councils; that the Supreme Council of State, resident at Rome, have the surveillance of the finances and the public debt; that it moreover have a deliberative voice upon the receipts and expenditure of the state, and a consultative voice upon other general subjects; that all civil and military employments be granted to laymen; that public instruction no longer be confined to the bishops and clergy—religious in- struction being their exclusive right; that the censure of the press be confined to preventing outrages of the divinity of the Catholic religion, of the Sovereign, and of private individuals; that the foreign troops be dismissed; that a civic and rural guard be instituted, which will be charged with the maintenance of public order and the observance of the law& Lastly, that the-Government enter upon all social ameliorations which the-spirit of the age demands, and which are practised by the other European Governments."

GREECE —The Augsburg Gazette quotes a letter from Athens, of the 28th September' „stating that a conspiracy to murder the Icing, Colettirand Grivas, had bean discovered. The Chambers had demanded detailed re- ports from the Ilfinistersewhich were not forthcoming, In fact, the con- spiracy is with_great.probability presumed to ben mere ruse of the Govern- ment, as a pretext for arbitrary measures.

Accounts haveebeen reeeived direct from Athens to the 29th September. According to a statement, iir theedthraarCowrier, the pecuniary embarrass- ments of the Govertunent-arenow so great that a financial crisis is-inevitable.. The-journal attributes. this state of things to the- btot administration of the cozmtry, to numerous promotions nicely made, superflimus expenditure, add peculation on the part of the receivers.

Tile Ministry had addressed a. circular. to all the persons employed in. the public service, forbidding, them to eve any opinion on the acts of the Government.

A revolt had broken out.in Mina. According,to &circular issued the Minister of. the Interior, 200 Meinotes, after_ having endeavoured to, excite the people to. revolt, took possession of an old fortress. On the: second.day, they were. dispersed by the-Government troops, after a sharp attack, in which several were killed; the remainder were. taken prisoners: The soldiers committed great excesses: more than thiity houses- were burnt, and a great number of peaceable people killed..

UNITED STATES.—The mail-steamer Britannia, whieho left Boston • on the 1st instant and Halifax on the 3d, arrived at Liverpool on Tuesdiry; No political event of great prominence is reported in the papers. The: war-panic had much subsided, and preparations were made for with_ drawing a. portion at least. of the troops. sent. to ward: off the anticipated: Mexican invasion.

The Washington Union, an official paper, declares that the Emperor of Russia, " desirous of affording efficient protection to the Russian territories in North America against the infractions of foreign vessels, has authorized. cruising to be established for this purpose along-the coast by the Russian- American cruisers." The Union therefore, recommends that American vessels " be careful not to violate existing treaties between the two coun- tries, by resorting, to any, point upon the Russian-American coast where, there is a Russian establishment, without the permission of the Governor or Commander; nor to frequent the interior seas, gulfs, harbours, au& creeks upon that coast, at any, point North of lat. 54' long. 40.°" In the United States, this course on the part of Russia is deemed vary significant; and it is supposed to have been called forth by the constant assertions that have been made in the American journals of the policy of acquiring, by annexation or otherwise, the entire continent of North America.

There had been another large " Oregon meeting " at Paris, in the State of Illinois: strong resolutions were adopted, to the effect that not one inch of the territory be given up; also, " that no portion of the North-American continent should be subject to the colonization of the monarchical govern- ments of other countries."

The Mormons, in Illinois, were again subject to persecution. The Anti-Mor- mons had entered into an extended combination, and announced their determination not to stop short of the expulsion of every Mormon from Hancock county, in which is Nauvoo; and it was apprehended that a conflict would result between the two parties. They were carrying fire and faggot into the Mormon settlements in all directions; and did not confine themselves to the Mormons only, but laid waste the dwellings of all those suspected of favouring those fanatics. Down to the night of Sunday the 14th September, it is stated that sixty houses had been burnt down in Adams and Hancock counties; women and children, infancy and age alike,. being turned out into the prairies and woods, where, of course, many would perish miserably In one place the Mormons resisted, and two of the rut flans who were burning their property were shot. Sheriff Backentoss had issued a proclamation to enforce order; arid the Mormons had sent overtures-to their enemies, offering to leave Hancock county in the spring.

A great excitement had been created in New York by the publication. of .a pamphlet by Mie WillianeLyon Mackenzie, the Canadian refugee. It consists of many private letters, and most of them confidential, written by- leading politicians of the Van Buren school, and addressed to Mr. ,Jessedloyt, late Collector of the Port of New York. The letters extend over a period of more than twenty years, relate almost exclusively to office-seeking and stock-gambling, and are not at all creditable to the writers. The great mystery is, how came they in possession of Mr. Mackenzie? That question has not yet been satisfactorily solved, although several explanations have been offered. Legal proceedings have been instituted against Mr. Mackenzie. He announces that he has another work in-preparation, which will be printed and ready to deliver to Congress at the opening of the ses' sion-in November: the new book is to contain a history of certain leading politi- cians, and among others of ex-PresidentVanIlureen and President Polk.

CANADA.—The Earl of Cathcart had made an official tour- through the Western portion of the province.

The arrival of M. Papinean at Boston had excited:considerable specula- tien as to his future political course. It was thought he would support the present. Administration. Some statistical accounts just published show an increase of 175 in the arrivals from sea this year as compared with the last. Up to the 25th September there- had arrived, by the St. Lawrence, 184 general cargoes, of which about 125 were for Montreal. The total number of vessels arrived this year was 1,294; and the totalnumber cleared from the port of Quebec; including 35 from Montreal, was 1,138.

TExas.—Despatches had been received at Washington from General Taylor's encampment at Arkansas Bay, to the 14th September; lint nothing important had transpired. The Mexican General .Arista had been at Mier, but unaccompanied by a military force; nor was there any indica- tion of the concentration of a Mexican force on the Rio Grande.

In the absence of any Mexican intelligence, however, a little sensation had been made by the bursting of the boiler of the steamer Dayton, at Arkansee with soldiers on bcerd, just arrived from New Orleans. Most of the troops had:been landed, or the consequences would have been more fearful. Between thirty and forty persons were on board; eight persons were killed on the instant, and seven- teen wounded; several of whom-were not expected to survive. The steamer; which was an old one, sank in deep waten Msxsco.—Advices from Vera Cruz to the 18th September report no change in the posture of affairs. The Mexican Government had despatched a military force to California,-to prevent the dismemberment of that pros vince; into which Americana, Germans, English, and. French, were fleck- ing, in. search of fortune amid the disorder.

Rio DE LA PLATA.—Intelligence has been received from Buenos Ayres to the 6th of August. Roses was making preparations to resist the British and French intervention. Oribe had issued orders to lay waste the coast of Monte Video, and intended to retire into the interior. Meanwhile, the British and French ministers had arrived-at Monte Video, from Buenos Ayres, on thee 2d; and they had issued a manifesto, addressed to Senor Santiago Vasquez- Minister for Foreign Affairs-in Monte Video, declaring the posture of affairs: they had demanded the absolute independence of the Republic-of Uruguay, and therefore the withdrawal of the. Buenos Ayres troops. They had ordered the combined squadron to blockade the port of Buceo, and other ports„ through which General: Oribe derived all- or. great parted-his supplies..