Ebt ,fktatrti.

The Britannia mail-steamer, which left Halifax on the 3d instant, and Boston on the is4 is the bearer of important intelligence.

The treaty between Great Britain and the United States, printed below, had been ratified by the Senate ; the final votes in its favour being 39 to 9 against it. The treaty bad been sent to Congress, accompanied by the corre- spondence between Lord Ashburton and Mr. Webster which led to the treaty. Part of it also brought the Creole, the Right of Search, and the Caroline questions, to a compromise. Lord Ashburton had left Washington, and was on a visit to Boston ; where he received an address, presented by the Mayor, in Faneuil Hall. Entertainments were preparing for him at New York ; and a I .rge ship was about to be launched there, to be called "The Ashburton." Every- where be was hailed at the restorer of peaceful relations.

Congress had passed a new Tariff and Revenue Bill, omitting the clause for distributing the proceeds of land-sales, on account of which the President had vetoed two previous bills. The President had at once affixed his signature, and the bill was law. The anxiety at the abey- ance of a law to raise a revenue was thus terminated, much to the satis- faction of all parties ; though the measure itself is not universally ap- proved of. The New York American says— "This law will at once impart animation to the manufacturing and com- mercial interests, and of course all others ; while it renders lawful the collection of the revenues made since June 30th on at least doubtful authority. The state of the treasury is such as to need all the aid that can be given by this act, both in direct revenue and in saving the credit of the United States securities. On the whole, therefore, unpromising as appearances have been, and low as is the actual state of the United States treasury, we look forward with confidence to better times and more assured credit?'

An intelligent correspondent of our own, however, views the measure more unfavourably- " New York, 31st August 1842.

"Since my last communication, the Tariff Bill has passed both Houses without the land-clause, and with only a few unimportant amendments : it will doubtless receive the sanction of the President. This bill is undoubtedly a very bad one: it was never prepared as a revenue bill, in fact ; and the Whigs themselves admit that it will not long stand. Nothing can be more disastrous than the course of this unfortunate party : for years they have struggled for the upper band; and when by the election of Harrison they at last attained it, and prepared with eagerness and flushed with victory to take advantage of their position, Harrison died; and Tyler, raised to power upon the shoulders of the party, proceeded to annihilate it. Every principle for which they fought he has stepped in to condemn and prevent the carrying-out of; and the proud phalanx which was to carry every thing before it, and uproot every vestige of the Locofoco system, has fallen before one man' and been scattered to the winds. The people here arrive at conclusions by impulse: they see that the whole session of Congress has produced no result ; and, without inquiring who or what is the real cause of it, they at once decide that the party having the majority must be wrong; and they will assuredly turn them out at the March election. This is inevitable : the advent of the Locos to power is clearly dis- cernible; and once again in the saddle, my word for it, the Whigs will be years before they unseat them. The next Congress, I have no doubt, will consider- ably reduce the high protective tariff which has been passed ; particularly as, independently of the change which I predict will have taken place in the strength of the two parties, by that time it will assuredly have been demon- strated, that as a means of revenue it is an utter failure. Their receipts this year will be miserably deficient, and the new duties will check foreign importa- tions most materially, in future. How they will raise the wind is to me a mys- tery. But I sincerely hope John Bull will hold his hand, out of friendship for -his daughter : for until America learns to depend upon her own great resources, and work them with calm and patient industry, she cannot improve her situa- tion. The desire to borrow (and, alas! the little inclination to pay!) paralyzes all of good : the ease with which it has hitherto been accomplished has engen- dered a wild and universal spirit of speculation, which, although stayed, is not yet rooted out. They cannot endure the patient constant toil by which alone permanent prosperity can be won; and they wait with folded hands for some chance which may make them suddenly rich. The materials for solid improve- ment are not wanting; but the untiring energy required to use them is. This can alone be aroused by the withholding of exterior supplies; and, as a real friend of America, I pray it may be resolutely done. "I congratulate you upon the successful issue of Lord Ashburton's mission. The terms of the treaty, as far as they are known, appear to me to be very sa- tisfactory: there will doubtless be grumblings on both sides but it is a very equitable settlement of a question which has so long perplexed both nations.

"If I can get a copy of the Tariff, as passed, in time for this mail, I will forward it. Business is miserably dull : there will soon, no doubt, be some stir, but it will only be for the supply of actual wants. "A NEW YORK MERCILLNT."

The "Genevese Traveller" of the Times picks out a few items in the bill, as indicating its generally "protective" nature— "Coloured cottons of an inferior quality are in effect prohibited, as none costing leas than 8d. sterling per yard will at any time sell for cost and charges. Cloths and kerseymeres pay 40 per cent. Silks pay according to weight, and will run from 20 to 40 per cent on the cost. Pins, 50 to 60 per cent. Iron, from 55 to 65 per cent. Spirits, 65 cents per gallon. Brandy, 1 dollar per gallon. And all duties must hereafter be paid in cash at the time of entry, as there is no warehousing system."

A New York paper describes the course of the votes in the House of Representatives : it is highly curious-

" Then began the voting (all of which was done under the previous question.) On agreeing to the Substitute Bill, as reported from the committee of the whole, the vote was—ayes, 102; noes, 99; majority in favour of it, 3. The next ques- tion was on its engrossment ; and that was negatived by—ayes, 100; noes, 101. Bat it having subsequently appeared that the clerk had made a mistake in omitting one affirmative vote' the names were again called, and the vote was a tie; ayes, 101; noes, 101. The Speaker voted in the negative; and thus, for the moment, the bill was dead.

"But Mr. Thompson, of Indiana, who had voted with the majority, (i. e. with the negatives,) moved to reconsider the vote; and on that question there was a majority of some six or eight. Thus the question of engrossment was again put, and the vote was—ayes 103; noes, MI "Here was a predicament. The vote shows an apparent affirmative majo- rity; but there is a rule of the House which not only requires the Speaker to vote in cases of tie, but in cases where his vote, if given to the minority, 'would make the decision eguaL' Mr. Rayner, a North Carolina Whig, demanded the vote of the Speaker; who, after muck manifestation of feeling in the hall and galleries, voted, nothing loth, with the most ready ease, in the negative. And thus again the bill was boat. "At this crisis, Mr. Landaff W. Andrew of Kentucky, and Mr. Edward Stanley of North Carolina, who had been among the number of those resolved not to yield one inch to Executive usurpation, but who could no longer bear to witness the almost shouts of triumph which Locofocoism and Nullification com- bined were _pouring forth over this new defeat, stood up, like men as they Res and declared they were ready to vote. Up to this stage of the proceeding they had given a negative vote in every particular ; but now, to the amazement of all and the gratitude of some, they voted in the affirmative. The bill was thus saved. The engrossment was ordered, by 105 against 102; and it was finally passed, by 105 against 103; an affirmative majonty not quite so large as that by which it passed with the distribution-clause."

Congress, after much discussion, had passed an act "to provide further remedial justice in the United States Courts." The object of this law is to meet cases similar to that of the Caroline. There was no law of the General Government by the provisions of which an appeal could be made from the local authority. The consequence was, that M‘Leod was arraigned and tried before a court of the State of New York. The act which has now been passed removes all difficulties, and places the whole matter exclusively under the jurisdiction of the United States Courts. It was opposed with much zeal and some pertinacity, on the ground that it was an unnecessary if not an improper interference with State rights and State authorities.

Another law passed by Congress had created some "excitement ": it is described by the Genevese Traveller-

" Since the adoption of the Federal Constitution, in 1789, the States have been left to pass such laws, in reference to the election of Representatives to Congress, as they deemed best suited to their situation or the wishes of their people. Some States, therefore, have elected their members by a general ticket; while other Legislatures have divided the State into districts, the dis- tricts electing one or more representatives. This system, it is said, enabled the dominant party so to arrange as to elect more than their just proportion of the members. For example, take the city and county of New York, where the parties are nearly equal in the number of voters: it sends four Locofoco membem to Congress; whereas, if it was fairly divided into single districts, the result would probably be that each party would elect two members. • A new census having recently been taken, it became necessary that a new ap- portionment of members among the several States should also be made. While performing this duty, Congress provided that each State should be divided into as many districts as it was entitled to members, and that each district should elect one member. This regulation was opposed by the Locofoco party, but was carried. Some of the Locofoco States threaten to nullify the law' con- tending that Congress have no constitutional power to pass such an act. From the present aspect of the affair, the probability is that certain States will elect their representatives without reference to this act, and that the men that elected will present themselves to the next House of Representatives, (which convenes on the first Monday in December 18430 and claim their seats. If this should be the case, a scene of confusion and violence may be anticipated, which will ultimately be decided by a strict party-vote. If the House should consist of a majority of Whigs, they will decide that the provisions of the law must be carried into effect. If the Locofocos have the majority, they will ad- mit their friends to take seals miens volens."

Another bill was to repeal so much of the Distribution-law as prohibits the distribution of the proceeds of the sales of the public lands among the several States, while duties higher than 20 per cent are levied upon imports. It had passed ; but it was assumed, as matter of course, that the President would veto the bill, as presenting his old objection to the Tariff Bill in a new form.

A most extraordinary proceeding had occurred in the Ohio Senate. The whole of the Whig members, displeased with the course of legis* — tion during the session, had resigned in a body, to the .7.11mber orthir- teen leaving the Senate without a quorum ; and twenty-eight members resigned in the House ! In tbe absence of statute law on the subject, the Columbia Statesman suggests that the (English) common law should be enforced, and that the members should be compelled to serve under pain of imprisonment. A grand jury at Newport, Rhode Island, had found bills of indict- ment for treason against sundry persons ; and among others, Thomas W. Dore, the self-styled Governor, and Dutce J. Pearse, late a Locofoco Representative in Congress from that State. Dore had fled ; but Pearse, a lawyer of some talent, had surrendered himself, and been re- leased on bail.

Pennsylvania had advertised all her public works for sale, with a, view to reducing the public debt ; offering to receive in payment State stock at par. The works cost about 30,000,000 dollars. The rate of exchange on London, at New York on the 31st, was 74 to premium ; on Paris, 5 35 to 74. The wheat-crop of the Union is described as superabundant. The yield of the cotton-crop would, it was expected, be very large.

A Treaty to Settle and Define the Boundaries between the Territories of the United States and the Possessions of her Britannic Majesty in North Ame- rica, for the Final Suppression of the African Slave-trade, and for the giving up of Criminals, fugitives from justice, in certain cases.

Whereas certain portions of the line of boundary between the United States of America and the British dominions in North America, described in the second article of the treaty of peace of 1783, have not yet been ascertained and determined, notwithstanding the repeated attempts which have been hereto- fore made for that purpose ; and whereas it is now thought to be for the in- terest of both parties that, avoiding further discussion for their respective rights arising in this respect under the said treaty, they should agree on a con- ventional line in said portions of the said boundary, such as may be convenient to both parties, with such equivalents and compensations as are deemed just and reasonable : And whereas by the treaty concluded at Ghent on the 24th day of December 1814, between the United States and his Britannic Majesty, an article was agreed to and inserted of the following tenor, viz.—" Article 10. Whereas the traffic in slaves is irreconcileable with the principles of humanity and justice, and whereas, both his Majesty and the United States are desirous of continuing their efforts to promote its entire abolition, it is hereby agreed, that both the contracting parties shall use their best endeavours to accomplish so desirable an object : ' And whereas, notwithstanding the laws which have at various times been passed by the two Governments, and the efforts made to suppress it, that criminal traffic is still prosecuted and carried on' and whereas the United States of America and her Majesty the Queen of the United King- dom of Great Britain and Ireland are determined that, so far as may be in their power, it shall be effectually abolished : And whereas it is found expe- dient for the better administration of justice and the prevention of crime within the territories and jurisdiction of the two parties respectively, that persons committing the crimes hereinafter enumerated, and being fugitives from jus- tice, should, under certain circumstances, be reciprocally delivered up: The United States of America and her Britannic Majesty having resolved to treat on these several subjects, have for that purpose appointed their respective Plenipotentiaries to negotiate and conclude a treaty, that is to say, the Presi- dent of the United States has, on his part, furnished with full powers Daniel Webster, Secretary of State of the United States, and her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland has, on her part, no- pointed the Right Honourable Alexander Lord Ashburton, a Peer of the said

United Kingdom, a member of her Majesty's most honourable Privy Council, and her Majesty's Minister Plenipotentiary on a special mission to the United States, who, after a reciprocal communication of their respective full powers, have agreed to and signed the following articles.

Article 1. It is hereby agreed and declared that the line of boundary shall be as follows : Beginning at the Monument at the source of the river St. Croix, as designated and agreed to by the Commissioners under the fifth ar- ticle in the treaty of 1794, between the Governments of the United States and Great Britain ; thence, North, following the exploring-line run and marked by the survej ors of the two Governments in the years 1817 and 1818, under the fifth articleof the Treaty of Ghent, to its intersection with the river St. John, and to the middle of the channel thereof; thence, up the middle of the main channel of the said river St. John, to the mouth of the river. St. Francis; thence, up the middle of the channel of the said river St. Francis, and of the lakes through which it flows, to the outlet of the lake Pohenagamook ; thence, Sontlt-weaterly, in a straight line to a point on the North-west branch of the river St. John, which point shall be ten miles distant from the main branch of the St. John, in a straight line and in the nearest direction ; but if the said point shall be found to be less than seven miles from the nearest point or sum- mit or crest of the high lands that divide those rivers which empty themselves into the river St. Lawrence from those which fall into the river St. John, to a point seven miles in a straight line from the said summit or crest ; thence in a straight line in a course about South 8 degrees \Vest to the point where the parallel of latitude of 46 deg. 25 min. North intersects the South-west branch of the St. John ; thence Southerly by the said branch to the source thereof in the highland at the Mefjarmette portage; thence, down along the said high lands which divide the waters which empty themselves into the river St. Law- rence from those which full into the Atlantic Ocean, to the head of Hall's stream; thence, down the middle of the said strcam till the line thus rpn in- tersects the old line of boundary surveyed and marked by Valentine and Col- lins previously to the year 1774, as the 45th degree of North latitude, and which has been known and understood to be the line of actual division between the States of New York and Vermont on one side, and the British province of Canada on the other; and from said point of intersection, West along the said dividing-line as heretofore known and understood, to the Iroquois, or St. Law- rence river.

Article 2. It is moreover agreed, that from the place where the joint Com- missioners terminated their labours under the sixth article of the Treaty of Ghent, to wit, at a point in the Neebrik Channel, near Muddy Lake, the line shall run into and along the ship channel between St. Joseph and St. Tammany Islands, to the division of the channel at or near the bead of St. Joseph's island; thence turning Eastwardly and Northwarilly, around the lower end of St George's or Sugar Island, and following the middle of the channel which divides St. Georges from St. Joseph's Island ; thence up the East Neebrik Channel, nearest to St. George's Island, through the middle of Lake George ; thence West of Jona's Island, into St. Mary's River, to a point in the middle of that river, about one mile above St. George's or Sugar Island, so as to appropriate and assign the said island to the United States ; thence adopting the line traced on the maps by the Commissioners, through the river St. Mary and Lake Superior, to a point North of lie Royal in said lake, one hundred yards to the North and East of lie Chapeau, which last-mentioned island lies near the North-eastern point of lie Royal, where the line marked by the Commissioners terminates; and from the last-mentioned point, South-westernly. through the middle of the sound between Ile Royal and the North-western main-land, to the mouth of Pigeon River, and at the said river to and through the narth and South Fowl Lakes, to the lakes of the height of land between Lake Superior avid the Lake of the Woods ; thence along the water- communication to Lake Saisaquinaga, and through that lake; thence to and through Cypress Lake, Lac du Bois Black, Lac la Croix, Little Vermillion Lake, and Lake Namecan, and through the several smaller lakes, straits, or streams connecting the lakes here mentioned, to that point in Lac la Pluie, or Rainy Lake, at the Cbaudiere Falls, from which the Commissioners traced the line to the most North-western point of the Lake of the Woods; thence along the said line to the said most North-western point, being in 49 deg. 23 min. 55 sec. North, and in longitude 95 deg. 14 min. 38 sec. West from the Observa- tory at Greenwich ; thence, according to existing treaties, due South to its in- tersection with the 49th parallel of North latitude, and along that parallel to the Hocks( Mountain,. It being understood that all the water-communications, and I the usual portages along the line from Lake Superior to the Lake of the Woods, and also Grand Portage, from the shore of Lake Superior to the Pigeon River, as now actually used, shall be free and open to the use of the citizens and subjects of both countries.

Article 3. In order to promote the interests and encourage the industry of all the inhabitants of the countries watered by the river St. John and its tri- butaries, whether living within the State of Maine or the province of New Brunswick, it is agreed that, where, by the provisions of the present treaty, the river St. John is declared to be the line of boundary, the navigation of said river shall be free and open to both parties, and shall in no way be ob- structed by either; that all the produce of the forest, in logs, lumber, timber, boards, staves, or shingles, or of agriculture not being manufactured, grown on any of those parts of the State of Maine watered by the river St. John, or by its tributaries, of which fact reasonable evidence shall, if required, be produced, shall have free access into and through the said river and its said tributaries, having their source within the State of Maine, to and from the sea-port at the month of the said river St. John, and to and round the falls of said river, either by boats, rafts, or other conveyance; that when within the province of New Brunswick, the said produce shall be dealt with as if it were the produce of said province; that, in like manner, the inhabitants of the territory of the Upper St. John, determined by this treaty to belong to her Britannic Majesty, shall have free access to and through the river for their produce, in those parts where the said river runs wholly through the State of Maine ; provided always, that this agreement shall give no right to either party to interfere with any regulations not inconsistent with the terms of this treaty, which the govern- ments respectively of Maine or of New Brunswick may make respecting the navigation of the said river when both banks thereof shall belong to the same party- Article 4. All grants of land heretofore made by either party within the limits of the territory which by this treaty falls within the dominions of the other party, shall be held valid, ratified, and confirmed to the persons in pos- session under such grants, to the same extent as if such territory had by this treaty fallen within the dominions of the party by whom such grants were made; and all equitable possessary claims, arising from a possession and im- provement of any lot or parcel of land by the person actually in possession, or by those under whom such person claims, for more than six rears before the date of such treaty, shall, in like manner, be deemed valid, and be confirmed and quieted by a release to the person entitled thereto, of the title to such lot or parcel of land, so described as best to include the improvements made thereon ; and in all other respects the two contracting parties agree to deal upon the most liberal principles of equity with the settlers actually dwelling on the territory falling to them respectively, which has heretofore been in dispute between them.

Article 5. Whereas in the course of the controversy respecting the disputed territory on the Nivrth-eastern boundary, some moneys have been received by the authorities of her Britannic Majesty's province of New Brunswick, with She intention of preventing depredations on the forests of the said territory, which moneys were carried to a fund called the "Disputed Territory Fund," the proceeds whereof it was agreed should be hereafter paid over to the parties

interested, in the proportions to be determined by a final settlement of boundaries. It is hereby agreed, that a correct account of all receipts and payments on the said fund shall be delivered to the Government of the United States within six months after the ratification of this treaty ; and the propor-

tions of the amount due thereon to the States of Maine and Massachusetts, and any bonds and securities appertaining thereto, shall be paid and delivered over to the Government of the United States ; and the Government of the United States agree to ieceive fur the use of and pay over to the States of Maine and Massachusetts their respective portions of said fund; and further to pay and satisfy said States respectively for all claims for expenses incurred by them in protecting the said heretofore disputed territory, and making a

survey thereof in 1838 ; the Government of the United States agreeing with the States of Maine and Massachusetts to pay them the further sum of three hundred thousand dollars, in equal moieties. on account of their assent to the line of boundary described in this treaty, and in consideration of the equiva- lent received therefore from the Government of her Britannic Majesty.

Article 6. It is furthermore understood and agreed, that for the purpose of running and tracing those parts of the line between the source of the St. Croix and the St. Lawrence River, which will require to be run and ascertained, and for marking the residue of said line by proper monuments on the land, two Commissioners shall be appointed, one by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof, and one by her Britan- nic Majesty; and the said Commissioners shall meet at Bangor, in the State of Blaine, on the 1st day of May next, or as soon thereafter as may be,. and shall proceed to mark the line above described, from the source of the

St. Croix to the river St. John ; and shall trace on proper marks the di-

viding line along said river, and along the river St. Francis to the outlet of the Lake Puhenagamook ; and from the outlet of said Lake, they shall ascertain, fix, and mark, by durable monuments upon the land, the line described in the first article of this treaty ; and the said Commissioners shall make to each of their respective Governments a joint report or declaration, under their hands and seals, designating such line of boundary, and shall ac- company said report or declaration with maps certified by them to be true maps of the new boundary. Article 7. It is further agreed, that the channels in the river St. Lawrence, on both sides of the Long Sault Islands and of Barnhart Island, the channek in the river Detroit, on both sides of the island of Bois Blanc, and between that island and both the American and Canadian shores, and all the several channels and passages between the various islands lying near the junction of the river St. Clair with the lake of that name, shall be equally free and open to the ships, vessels, and boats of both parties.

Article 8. The parties mutually stipulate that each shall prepare, equip, and maintain in service on the coast of Africa a sufficient and adequate squadron,.

or naval force of vessels, of suitable numbers and description, to carry in all not less than eighty guns, to enforce separately and respectively the laws, rights, and obligations of each of the two countries for the suppression of the Slave-

trade ; the said squadrons to be independent of each other; but the two Govern-

ments stipulating, nevertheless, to give such orders to the officers commanding their respective forces as shall enable them most effectually to act in concert

and cooperation, upon mutual consultation, as exigencies may arise, for the at- tainment of the true object of this article ; copies of all such orders to he com- municated by each Government to the other respectively.

Article 9. Whereas, notwithstanding all efforts which may be made on the coast of Africa for suppressing the slave.trade, the facilities for carrying on that traffic and avoiding the vigilance of cruisers by the fraudulent use ot nags and other means are so great, and the temptations for pursuing it while a a market can be found for slaves, so strong as that the desired result may be long delayed unless all markets be shut against the purchase of African Negroes, the parties to this treaty agree that they will unite in all becoming representations and remonstrances with any and all Powers within whose domi- nions such markets are allowed to exist ; and that they will urge upon all suck Powers the propriety anti duty of closing such markets at once and for ever. Article 10. It is agreed that the United States and her Britannic Majesty shall, upon mutual requisitions by them, or their Ministers, officers, or autho- rities, respectively made, deliver up to justice all persons who, being charged with the crime of murder, or assault with intent to commit murder, or piracy, or arson, or robbery, or forgery, or the utterance of forged papers, committed within the ,jurisdiction of either, shall seek an asylum or shall be found within the territories of the other ; provided, that this shall only be done upon such evidence of criminality as, according to the laws of the 'lace where the fugitive or person so charged shall be found, would justify his apprehension and commit- ment for trial, if the crime or offence had there been committed ; and the re- spective judges and other magistrates of the two Governments shall have power, jurisdiction, and authority, upon complaint made under oath, to issue a war- rant for the apprehension of the fugitive or person so charged, that he may be brought before such judges or other magistrates respectively, to the end that the evidence of Criminality may be beard and considered; and if on such hear- ing the evidence be deemed sufficient to sustain the charge, it shall be the duty of the examining judge or magistrate to certify the same to the proper execu- tive authority, that a warrant may issue for the surrender of such fugitive. The expense of such apprehension and delivery shall be borne and defrayed by the party who makes the requisition and receives the fugitive.

Article II. The eighth article of this treaty shall be in force for five year* from the date of the ratification, and afterwards until one or the other party shall, signify a wish to terminate it. The tenth article shall continue in force until, one or the other party shall signify its wish to terminate it, and no longer.

Article 12. The present treaty shall be duly ratified, and the mutual ex- change of ratifications shall take place in London within six mouths front the date hereof, or earlier if possible. In faith whereof, we, the respective Plenipotentiaries, have signed this treaty, and have hereunto affixed our seals.

Done in duplicate, at Washington, the ninth day of August anno DOMid one thousand eight hundred and forty-two.

DANIEL WEBSTER, [Seal.] ASHBURTON, [ Seal.] The New York Courier and Inquirer contains a summary of the cor- respondence between Lord Ashburton and Mr. Webster, which it criti- cizes thus- " When the letters themselves appear, we think it will be found that those of Lord Ashburton are remarkable for their simplicity and clearness, and an apparent ingenuousness and openness of purpose. Those of Mr. Webster are, we need scarcely say, able and powerful ; but they have a certain air of showi- ness and straining for effect about them, which will strike rather grating on a critical ear."

The following portion of the summary possesses some interest as aa appendix to the treaty- " The Creole case is presented in strong terms by Mr. Webster, in a letter which, when published, will bring all die Anti-Slavery people about his ears ; to which Lord Ashburton replies, that as the news of the matter of the Creole had reached England but shortly before his departure, and as it had not, previous to that time, been presented to the notice of the British Government by Mr. Everett, be was not empowered to treat upon the subject. Re states, however, that the laws of Great Britain recognize as free every slave who sets his foot upon British soil, as much as do the laws of Massachusetts recognize as free every foreign slave when he lands in Boston, and that they cannot be altered. But he promises that directions shall be given to the Governors and other officers of the English West India Islands to do nothing in this respect, when it can be properly avoided, that may tend to the disturbance of 'good neighbourhood between them and the United States. The matter of the right of search and impressment is also proposed by Mr. Webster. To this also his Lordship replies, that he has not authority to make any stipulations upon that subject; that the peculiar necessities of Eng- land in regard to this matter, growing out of her maritime situation, the im- mense emigration of her people to this country, and the fact that every native of Great Britain always and perpetually owes to her the duty of serving her in war, together with the similarity of appearance and identity of language of the people of the two countries, create a necessity which forbids entering into any treaty upon the subject, at least at present.

"The case of the Caroline is then presented by Mr. Webster ; and the whole matter, with its awful details, are stated in the well and forcibly-written letter of Mr:Webster. to Mr. Fox, in the spring of 1841, which is copied and referred to anew. To this Lord Ashburton replies with much ingenuity ; stating that, inasmuch as the authorities on this side made no attempt to restrain or did not restrain or molest the people on Navy Island, who were firing upon the inha- bitants on the Canada shore, and as the Caroline was in the employ of those people, the British authorities were compelled, by the necessity of self-defence, to invade our territory for the purpose of destroying her; that, had the case been reversed, we would not have hesitated to pursue the same course. He re- grets that the matter was not urged, and redress sought, at an earlier period, and soon after the event took place. He declares the high sense on the part of Great Britain of our claim to a sacred inviolability of territory ; but urges at the same time, the existence, in this case, of the • immediate and urgent ne- cessity, admitting of no delay,' spoken of by Mr. 'Webster as alone justifying an invasion of our territory—that there was no other mode left of destroying' the vessel—that the expedition left the Canadian shore for the purpose of de- stroying her at Navy Island—that not finding her there, there was no time for deliberation or delay, &c. Be doubts whether any person or persons were sent in the boat over the cataract—that she was towed into the stream to prevent injury to the buildings and inhabitants of Schlosser—that it is not known that any person was killed by the expedition • but repeats again a respectful acknow- ledgment by the British Government of the sacredness of our neutral rights, and expresses deep regret that any necessity should have made necessary the invasion of our territory. He then complains of the treatment of the soldiers engaged in the expedition, whenever caught on this [the United States] side; protesting against the doctrine that soldiers are accountable to any but their own Government for the consequences of obeying the orders of the officers of their Government.

" Mr. Webster's reply recognizes the correctness of the ground assumed by Lord Ashburton in regard to the accountability of men so acting under or- ders; states, however, that such is the nature of our laws, such the delay in the trial of causes, and such the apparent conflict of jurisdiction between the courts of the States and the United States, that some difficulty in cases of such arrests cannot be avoided. Mr. Webster then, • as directed by the Presi- dent,' gives the British Government a full discharge from all further blame on account of the Caroline, ' inasmuch' as they have apologized, and inasmuch' as no better reparation from the nature of the case can be had, and 'inasmuch as they have expressed so much respect and regard for the inviolable and sa-

cred character of our neutral rights,' &c." • The papers publish the Report of the Select Committee of the Senate on the President's message notifying that he had vetoed the Tariff Bill. The report was drawn up by Mr. John Quincy Adams. It is very long, and couched in very strong language. The application of the land- fund to alleviate the burden on the several States incurred for local im- provements is vigorously advocated ; and the exercise of the veto five times, with the President's interference in legislation, in making stipu- lations as to measures which he would or would not pass, is utterly condemned. A couple of passages will illustrate the style-

" Thus the measure first among those deemed by the Legislature of the Union indispensably necessary for the salvation of its highest interests, and for the restoration of its credit, its honour, its prosperity, was prostrated, de- feated, annulled, by the weak and wavering obstinacy of one man, accidentally, and not by the will of the people, invested with that terrible power, as if pro- phetically described by one of his own chosen Ministers at this day, as 'the right to deprive the people of self-government.' * * "They perceive that the whole legislative power of the Union has been for the last fifteen months, with regard to the action of Congress upon measures of vital importance, in a state of suspended animation, strangled by the five times repeated stricture of the executive cord. They observe, that under these unexampled obstructions to the exercise of their high and legitimate duties, they have hitherto preserved the most respectful forbearance towards the Exe- cutive Chief; that while he has, time after time, annulled by the mere act of his will their coromission from the people to enact laws for the common wel- fare, they have forborne even the expression of their resentment for these mul- tiplied insults and injuries. They believed they had a high destiny to fulfil, by administering to the people in the form of law remedies for the sufferings which they had too long endured. The will of one man has frustrated all their labours and prostrated all their powers. The majority of the Committee believe that the case has occurred in the annals of our Union contemplated by the founders of the constitution by grant to the House of Representatives of the power to impeach the President of the United States ; but they are aware that the re- sort to that expedient might, in the present condition of public affairs, prove abortive. They see that the irreconcileable difference of opinion and of action between the Legislative and Executive departments of the Government is but sympathetic with the same discordant views and feelings among the people."

Th, Committee recommend that Congress should pass a resolution, that they shall "instead of the words two-thirds,' twice repeated in the second paragraph of the said seventh section, substitute, ia both cages, the words 'a majority of the whole number."