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FRANCE.—The ferment which has taken possession of Paris began in the Assembly on Monday. On that day, M. Ledru-Rollin brought for- ward his interpellations respecting the Roman intervention. Extraordi- nary precautions had been taken by the authorities against violent mea- sures of the Mountain, which were fully apprehended. The Assembly and all its approaches were thickly posted with soldiers or police, and all the troops were consigned to their barracks. On their part, the members of the Mountain had prepared a petition to the Assembly, demanding the impeachment of the President and his Ministers; and it was said that 150 members had already signed. M. Ledru-Rollin said at the beginning, that he feared words were useless; as interpellations seemed to have had up to that time no effect but to produce per- versions of the truth. Letters from Rome, of the evening of the 5th, stated that the French troops had been repulsed with considerable loss; that two cavalry re- giments had been nearly destroyed by a masked battery; and that General Oadi- not had been forced to ask a suspension of arms Mr twenty-four hours, (which was granted,) to bury his dead. He then proceeded to show that the instructions to General Oudinot were contrary to the vote of the Assembly on the 7th May: the Government had no right to direct the General to attack and occupy Rome at any price. He announced that he had deposited an impeachment, and he de- manded its immediate consideration by the Bureaux. M. Odilon Barrot said, the rumours mentioned were not confirmed by Go- vernment intelligence. As to the impeachment, this is the third time an act of accusation has been preferred: might not the Opposition by their unceasing provocations, cause a legitimate struggle to degenerate into a sedition? As to the instructions to General Oudinot, the order of occupation was given under the influence of the most imperious necessity—that of honour. Reviewing events since the assassination of Rossi to the starting of the expedition, he declared that this step was not taken to support or subvert a form of government, but to pro- tect the rights of the people which would have been sacrificed by others, and to uphold the legitimate influence of France in Italy. The expedition lauded, and an advance was made on Rome to effect a reconnomance and open direct commu- nications with its Government; but an ambush was laid, and french soldiers were killed and captured. Under these circumstances the matter came before the As- sembly on the 7th of May. M. Dronyn de Lhuys twice ascended the tribune, and asked the Assembly if the army was to recede to Civita Vecchia. No voice said "Yea." M. Senart, in the name of the Committee, positively declared that was not the intention ; and it was understood that the Ge- neral should be left to act according to contingencies. M. Barret then passed under review the negotiations between M. Lesseps and the Trium- virate. A convention had been offered by the Triumvirs, who proposed that the aid of the French army as a friendly force should be given to the Roman po- pulation, not to enter Rome but take cantonments outside Rome, and should guarantee the territory occupied by them: this convention bad been assented to by M. Lesseps; but it was a disgraceful convention, which General Oudinot was justified in refusing to ratify. General Ondinot was also justified in declaring M. Lesseps's mission at an end. Finally, M. Barret declared that the concessions of M. Lesseps alone had encouraged the Roman Triumvirs to propose such inso- lent terms.

M. Ledru-Rollin reascended the tribune, and declared it to be false that the As- sembly authorized the Cabinet to enter Rome. The French were to remain spectators of events, and prevent the Austrians from entering Rome. " The fifth article of the Constitution,' he exclaimed, "has been violated ; but we will defend the Constitution, and if necessary we will defend it by arms." Immense uproar was provoked by this sally, which was loudly cheered by the Left. M. Dupin, the President, was provoked to say that the Con- stitution could not be violated more scandalously than by such a declara- tion. M. Ledru-Rollin observed, that the 110th article confides the defence of the Constitution to all patriotic Frenchmen: he and his friends, would de- fend it with arms. The uproar was renewed, and the demonstrations of the opponent parties assumed a savage aspect: General Bedeau caused a momentary lull by the cool determination with which he announced that he and his friends would " defend" the majority and uphold its decision. Amendments and counter-amendments were proposed, and further debated. M. Thiers declared that the appeal to arms rendered discussion impossible; and pressed for division, amidst yells and hooting interruptions. Ultimately, the order of the day " pure and simple" was carried, by 361 to 203; the Ministerial majority thus setting aside all the motions of the Opposition. Next day, M. Thiers and General Cavaignac spoke in strong condemna- tion of the violence that had been shown. Subsequently, M. Ledru-Rollin explained: while he did not retract, he only meant that his party would defend with arms after pacific means had been exhausted. The proposition of M. Ledru-Rollin to impeach the President of the Re- public and his Ministers was signed by 142 members, and was formally de-

posited during Monday's sitting. It went upon the basis of express enact- ments in the Constitution, " that the French Republic respects foreign na- tionalities, as it intends to have its own respected by others"; that the President " cannot undertake any war without the consent of the Assem- bly "; and that he, his Ministers and agents, are " responsible, each in what concerns him, for all the acts of the Government and of the Administra- tion." The Roman expedition was a criminal violation of these provisions.

On Tuesday, a Committee appointed to consider this act sent its report, —a direct negative to the proposition for impeachment; and a justifica- tion of the attempts made by General Ondinot to attain the objects of his expedition. A division was taken on the question, " Should the proposi- tion to impeach be considered?" this was negatived, by 377 to 8; the Left abstaining from a vote: so the impeachment fell to the ground.

On Wednesday, the excitement was transferred from the Assembly to the streets of Paris. It was determined by the " Mountaineer" partisans among the National Guards and workmen of the faubourge, to go in pro- cession and petition the Assembly on the breach of the donstitution by

the proceedings at Rome. Upwards of 15,000 persons organized them- selves in marching order; and accounts state that two-thirds of these

—the least estimate says "some thousands"—were National Guards in uniform. No person bore a weapon: the cries raised were "The Constitution!" and " The Republic!" with cheers for Changarnier.

M. Etienne Arago headed the cortege as it set out from the Chateau d'Eau, on the Boulevard du Temple, toward the Hall of the Assembly. The shops all along the line were instantly closed in alarm. But the Government had taken full precautions: the troops had been held ready in barracks, and were instantly moved out to the number of 60,000 men. Cavalry scoured the boulevards; light infantry hastened to all the points of command, posted themselves at the top of every street and the entry of every lane, while masses occupied the squares and public places. A large body under General Changarnier advanced against the processionists. These were met on the Rue de la Pais, and were sum- moned to disperse; a slight hesitation was shown; the order to charge was answered by a prompt and steady obedience of the troops; and the crowd separated into two large masses, which presently broke up and wholly dis- appeared. Some few shots were fired—seemingly by accident; some sword-wounds were given, also chiefly by mischance; and some soldiers were bruised in the first struggle: but it is not certain that any life was lost or seriously perilled.

Towards.some of the charging troops National Guards advanced, and, kneeling, offered their breasts; and a fallen and hurt trooper was kindly lifted on his horse by the crowd. As the crowd dispersed, cries of " To arms!" were heard, and some detached attempts at barricading were made, without any success. At night all chance of violence seemed to have passed away; but for full safety many troops bivouacked in the open air. General Changarnier was everywhere greeted with cheers; but M. Lacrosse, the Minister of Public Works, who ventured into the crowd on horseback, was torn from his horse, and only escaped violence by the intercession and protection of M. Etienne Arago and M. Gent.

The Assembly did not meet regularly on Wednesday; but on account of the gravity of circumstances, was convened by circular. M. Odilon Bar- rot then stated, that the peace of the city had been threatened by seditious assemblages, which had been joined by " a few citizens in the uniform of the National Guard"•' but the repressive means had been sufficient. How- ever, he proposed that the Assembly should sit in permanence. As M. Barrot was descending from the tribune, a note was brought to him from the Minister of the Interior, containing the demand for further powers; and presently M. Dufanre entered the Assembly, and demanded the means of avoiding a "sanguinary repression." A decree declaring Paris in a state of siege was laid before the Assembly, discussed, and adopted.

Several persons have been arrested,—MM. Suchet du Var, Deville, Margne, Danvill, Pillis, Bach, Vautier, and Fargnier Fayolle, Repre- sentatives, and M. Etienne Arago.

On Thursday, more persons were arrested,—M. Berrier, Colonel of the First Legion of the Banlieue, M. Forrestier Colonel of the Sixth Legion, M. Maigne,*and M. Perrier. On that day the decree of the state of siege appeared in the 3foniteur, with a decree dissolving the Artillery Legion of the Paris National Guard.

The death of Marshal Bugeaud by cholera, foreboded in the latest news of last week, has become a fact. Marshal Bugeaud grew worse from Friday afternoon till Saturday night; maintaining, however, a calm mind: a few hours' sleep then refreshed him, and on Sunday at dawn he was not totally beyond hope: but a sudden change occurring at five o'clock, he became agitated, and received the sacrament; at six he firmly uttered the words " Je suis un homme perdu," and clasped the hands of the friends around him: soon afterwards the death-agony commenced; and at half-past six, seemingly not in great pain, he breathed his last. "MM. Jenty de Bussy, A. Vigier, Generals Bedeau, de Bar, M. Trocher, the faithful Aide-de-camp of the Marshal, Colonel Lheureux, and several other officers, witnessed the last moments of their chief. General Cavaignac, the Minis- ter at War, and Count Mole, entered at the very moment he breathed his last, and they mingled their tears with those who had watched him throughout. The Archbishop of Paris arrived at half-past seven o'clock, in the hope of seeing him alive; and at the same time, and with the same expectation, Generals Tartas and Jentil, and M. Roche, Consul-General at Tangiers. Dr. Cruveilher was just in time to receive his last sigh.

"The distinguished man who has just fallen a victim to the cholera began his military career as a private soldier. He carried the knapsack and musket, as many Marshals his seniors in rank had done before him. He received his promotion as Corporal on the field of Austerlitz. Thomas Robert Bugeaud dela Picornerie, Duke of bier, Marshal of France, Ex-Governor of Algeria, Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour, was born at Limoges, the 15th of October 1784. He was the son of Jean Anibroi-e Bugeand, seigneur of Picornerie, and of Frances Sutton Clonard, who was descended from a distinguished Irish family."

ITALY.—The negotiations between M. Lesseps and the Roman Trium- virate came to an abrupt and unforeseen termination. On the 24th May, M. Lesseps wrote and consented to a modification of the propositions origi- nally made, so far that his Government should " guarantee from all inva- sion the territory occupied by the French troops." On the 25th, the Tri- umvirs replied with a comprehensive and dignifie despatch, which con- cluded by declaring that Rome had no need of the French intervention, but permitting the French army to retain Civita Vecchia, and to encamp between that town and Viterbo, to await events.

On the 290, M. Lesseps and General Oudinot sent a joint ultimatum; which was read by Signor Mazzini to the COstituente, and referred to their judgment. It admitted the right of the Roman people to pronounce freely on its form of government; omitted the former express demand to enter Rome, but made the Romans invite the aid of the French army as a " friendly army "; claimed for that army to encamp where it might think fit; and repeated the offer to guarantee the occupied territory. As a mo. dification, the Triumvirs proposed that the Frenoh should put aside all ap.

pearance of hostility, and should be at liberty to choose any salubrious camp, but that Rome should be " sacred." Their communication reached M. Lesseps

on the night of the 30th. Next day he repaired to Rome; and along with the Triumvirs signed a convention, differing from that which M. Lesseps and General Oudinot jointly proposed, in promising " the support of France

to the Romans" by its " defending army." When M. Lesseps returned to the French camp, General Oudinot utterly refused to sign the last conven- tion; with some personal violence of manner, he protested against it, as contrary to the instructions of the French Government, therefore void; and he declared M. Lesseps's mission at an end. That evening he wrote to the Triumvirs announcing that he must consider the convention as if never drawn up, and must act immediately on the refusal of the ultimatum. He instantly put his troops in motion nearer to Rome, seized some command- ing points, and prepared for attack next day. It seems that General Oudinot received despatches that afternoon recalling M. Lesseps, and order- ing an instant attack: perhaps he had already received these before his interview with M. Lesseps. Among the points seized was the Monte Mario; a very important height, the occupation of which was not, he states, op- posed by the enemy. A note of M. Lesseps explains why. After the in- terview with the General, M. Lesseps, who seems to have thought his own authority the higher, and to have counted on the General's ultimate sub- mission to it, wrote a note to the Romans, assuring them that the fresh movements they would observe were not hostile, but were precautionary against the Austrian advance: the Romans acted on this erroneous advice, and were trepanned into yielding a powerful advanced point. The preparations for attack were continued till the 2d June; when the attack was begun; as we mentioned last week. The reports that the Trasteverine quarters were taken proved to be unfounded. Despatches to the 6th have been received: they consist of but few lines, containing few facts.. The gain would seem to be confined to the capture of the Villas Corsini Valentini and Pamfili; though the last despatch speaks of efforts made to consolidate the defence of the gates San Pancrazio with the two former positions, and the reestablishment of the Ponte-Molle, which was imperfectly blown up by Garibaldi some fortnight since. A letter pub- lished by the Morning Chronicle from a Roman " source that can be relied on," states that on the 3d the Roman loss was " 100 killed and 450 wounded; that of the French is supposed to be at least 2,000 in all."

"On the Trastevere side, the Villa Pamfili-Doria (the most beautiful residence in the environs of Rome) has been taken and retaken three or four times, in the coarse of the day, and finally set on fire by the French. Here Garibaldi and his legion were stationed, as on the 30th of April; and their exertions have been at least equally successful, though with the loss of many brave and active officers to the Romans.. Here fell Daverio, Garibaldi's right-hand man, Mazzina, and Ma- rochetti. About five in the morning, Porta Angelica, I am informed, was nearly taken, which would have given the French the key of the Vatican: a rush was made by a battalion from Monte Mario, which was very nearly successful, as few men were on watch at the point at that hour."

On the 4th he writes—" This day the French do not molest us, and have with- drawn to a convenient distance—Castel Guido, or beyond; having had enough.of yesterday's business. The exultation of the Romans at their defeat is natural and just."

RUSSIA.—The Emperor Nicholas recently summoned the Russian and Po- lish Bishops to St. Petersburg, and when they were assembled, made them an address, of which the following is a translation given by the Times- " I do not wish for a new religion. A new sort of Catholic creed has been in- vented abroad, and I desire that it may not be introduced into my empire, because these innovators are the worst agitators, and without faith it is impossible that anything can subsist. The West at this moment offers a fair specimen of what men come to if they have no faith—how great are the follies and absurdities which they commit. Look at Rome; I predicted all that would happen there. Faith has entirely disappeared in the West. The manner in which the Pope has been treated is a plain proof the true faith exists in Russia alone; and I hope (making the sign of the cress) that this holy faith may be maintained here. I told the late Pope Gregory the Sixteenth things which he had never heard from anybody else. The present Pope is a good man; his intentions are excellent; but his principles savour too much of the spirit of the age. The King of Naples is agood Catholic; be had been calumniated to the Pope, and now the Pope is compelled to have re- course to him."

Bishop Holowinski replied—" Your Majesty, the Holy Father was obliged to yield to circumstances and the spirit of the age."

The Emperor—" Very possibly; but all these disorders arise from want of faith. I am not a fanatic, but I have firm faith. In the West they have run to two extremes—fanaticism and impiety." Addressing the Polish Bishops, the Czar continued—" You are the near neighbours of these misguided men ; let your example be their guide. If you encounter obstacles, address yourselves to me. I will employ all my power to stem this torrent of impiety and revolt, which is spreading more and more, and threatens even to penetrate into my dominions. A revolutionary spirit is the result of impiety. In the West there is no longer any religious faith, and this evil will increase still more." Addressing himself to the Metropolitan Bishops, and kissing his hand, the Czar concluded by saying- " We have always understood each other, and I trust that it will always con- tinue so."

THE 'UNITED STATES news brought by the Canada mail-steamer on Tuesday is of no political interest. Details are still wanting of the great flood calamity at New Orleans. It would appear that the imminence of total destruction was exaggerated. The crevasses were still open, and the tide unatemmed, down to the 19th of May; and the inundation had ex- tended still nearer to the business part of the city, so that boats were the only means of communication in the streets. The fire at St. Louis had been underrated; the damage done being now calculated at 7,000,000 dollars.

CANADA.—Telegraphic despatches from Montreal, to the 26th May, de- clare that tranquillity was quite restored; though meetings for and against the Indemnity Bill and Lord Elgin are numerous. On the 22d May, an address was carried in favour of removing the sittings of the United Parlia- ment from Montreal, and for holding them at Quebec and Toronto for alternate periods of four years.

According to business letters from Canada, money is so abundant that it is difficult to find customers for it.