From the character of the orders received by some of

the Queen's trades- men in Aberdeen, we may safely infer that it is the intention of the Queen, with Prince Albert and the Royal Family, to visit Balmoral next month. It is also understood that Prince Albert will preside at the dinner after the show of the Aberdeen, Banff, Kincardine, and East Forfar Agricultural Association, which comes off early in August.—North of Scotland Casette.

A fortnight's use of the new gallery for the reporters in the House of Lords has produced no favourable impression. The alteration consists chiefly in bringing the seat of the reporters six feet nearer to the table at which the principal speakers take their station when they are addressing the House; the gallery is also lowered by three feet; and, with the view of catching the sound, a partition about three feet high has been placed at the back of the reporters, forming a row of doors by which they severally ob- tain entrance to their compartments. Lord Beaumont and his coadjutors have proved themselves to be thoroughly in earnest, and have paid several visits to the gallery to ascertain how the hearing had been improved. But the construction of the House appears to be so faulty in its acoustic pro- perties as to defy the contrivance of a cure. The reporters see the speakers much more distinctly than they did before; which is something but as to the hearing, improvement is scarcely perceptible.

A deputation from the carriers, consisting of members of the great Lon- don firms, had an interview with the Railway Commission at the Board of Trade on Monday, to complain of the oppressive conduct of the railway companies, and to pray for remedies. Mr. Labouchere, Earl Granville, and Sir Edward Ryan, were the Commissioners present. Mr. Nash was the spokesman of the deputation, and he made this statement— The railway companies endeavour to prevent traders from packing small par- cels in one, as always was done under the old system, in order that they may get every small parcel carried separately, and gain the full charge on each. Fur- thermore, they have commenced a system of designedly opening, delaying, and missending packed parcels, and delivering the conti Dili to the customers, in hopes to destroy carriers who compete with them on their own line and carry for less than themselves. The clauses introduced into the Railway Act do not afford sufficient protection, whilst the companies have the administration of the statutes. The Superior Courts offer remedies which are dilatory and incomplete. A case occurred a abort time since where a carrier brought an action against the London and North-western Railway for overcharge; and although he obtained a verdict in his favour, he lost upwards of 85l.: in fact, the railway companies openly assert that they do not care for such actions. The County Courts have no jurisdiction in the matter. Therefore the traders and carriers must either allow themselves to be cheated, or resort to expensive actions, which when gained entail a loss. Mr. Labouchere thought no person could doubt that some remedy should be had; and asked for suggestions. Mr. Nash mentioned a Parliamentary Committee: but the Board thought it too late in the session. Mr. Nash then declared that the carriers and traders think they shall never be properly treated till the Board appoints a traffic Inspector at the Railways, and the companies issue printed lists of their tolls for goods. Lord Gran- ville intimated that the railways allege difficulties in the way of printing their tolls for goods. The deputation replied, that the companies print the tolls of luggage by passenger-trains; why not then of luggage by goods- trains? the injustice is that they do not charge two persons alike; they fre- quently charge the carrier twice as much as the private customer. The tolls should be published, and the County Courts have jurisdiction. Mr. Labouchere acknowledged the suggestion of the County Courts was valu- able. The matter was important, and not simple, and it should have full consideration.

Mr. John Ball, barrister-at-law, formerly Poor-law Inspector, is ap- pointed the Assistant Poor-law Commissioner for Ireland, in place of Mr. Alfred Power, appointed to the Chief Commissionership.

Tuesday's Gazette contained a notification from the General Board of Health, dated the 11th instant, announcing the reappearance of the cholera "in various and distant places in England, Wales, and Scotland."

From returns which accompany this notification it appears, that "since the latter end of March, cholera has broken out in twelve different localities in the Metropolis, in twenty-seven towns in England and Wales, and in seventeen towns is Scotland; and that in several of these places, as in Sunderland, Liverpool, Durham, Hitchin, Gloucester, Keynsham. Bath, Merthyr Tydvil, Cardiff, Kil- birnie, Galashiels, Kelso, and Dundee, the disease has continued to spread. "Another fact is declared by these returns of great significance, which calls for the earnest attention of the local authorities charged with the execution of the Nuisances Removal and Diseases-Prevention Act,—namely, that the attacks within the last twelve days have exceeded those which have occurred during the preceding two mouths. Thus, in the two months from the 29th of March to the 29th May, both inclusive, the total number of cases is 428; but within the last twelve days, that is, from the 30th May to the 11th of June, both inclusive, there have been no less than 673 cases; and at the same time the disease has mani- fested a decided tendency to spread epidemically; as is shown in the num- bers attacked on board the American emigrant-ship at Plymouth, and in the ex- tent to which the disease has prevailed in Glover Hall Court, Beech Street, Barbi- can, in the City, and also in Bermondsey. "The total number of deaths, up to the time of the renewal of the order in Council, were 6,319 out of 14,332 attacks, or in the proportion of three deaths to seven attacks; whereas the returns now made give 638 deaths out of 1,203 at- tacks, or a proportion of more than one-half,—a proportion exhibiting the severity that usually marks the commencement of a general outbreak.

" Under circumstances which thus afford ground for apprehension that another visitation of the scourge may be impending, the General Board of Health deem it highly satisfactory to be enabled to report the uniform success which has fol- lowed prompt and continued attention to the premonitory symptoms which gene- rally precede an attack of this disease.

" Toe General Board of Health have to regret the failure of any mode of treat- ment that has been hitherto adopted in the developed or collapsed stage of this disease. They would not discourage efforts to arrest the progress of the malady in this stage. They believe, from information communicated to them, that indi- viduals have been recovered from it who have received from the hands of their medical attendants the unremitting attention which is given tea person in a state of suspended animation; but few can receive such attention when the sufferers are numerous-' and the register of deaths in all ommtries, in all climates, among all ages and classes, and whatever mode of treatment may have been adopted, shows that the only well-founded hope of saving life is by prompt and continued attention to the very first indications of an attacks. "Recent experience has fully confirmed the evidence previously adduced, that the localities of this disease and the localities of other epidemics are the same; not a single instance having coma to the knowledge of the Board of the spread of this scourge in groups, in any other than the ordinary seats of typhus and other zymotic diseases; those seats being uniformly marked by the existence of filth, bad ventilation, overcrowding, and other local causes of atmospheric int. purity. "Recent experience further establishes the advantages that have resulted from the operations of cleansing. The first cases of cholera that occur in the locality are sometimes sudden, without any premonitory symptom: this suddenness of attack is in itself evidence of the local presence in unusual intensity of the causes of atmospheric impurity. As soon as cleansing operations have been carried into full effect, these sudden cases cease; and instead of them diarrhoea appears, which if promptly and properly treated, does not pass into cholera. Uniform experience shows that the first and certain effect of these cleansing operations is to stop these sudden attacks; and the cases of premonitory diarrhea' that follow, if early and properly attended to, are in the great majority of instances arrested at once; and thus the extension and the great mortality of cholera are checked.

"The proportion of deaths to attacks already stated shows that the severity of the disease itself, wherever it actually breaks out, is as great as at any former period, if not greater; and a strong presumption arises, that but for such exer- tions as have been made, the general visitation would be equally severe, as it still is in those localities of the towns and cities of Egypt, Russia, and other places where no sanatory improvement has been effected."

The cholera raged in Paris with increasing fatality till the 10th instant when the deaths reached the maximum number of 672 in one day. On the 11th the deaths fell to 570; on the 12th to 416, and on the 13th it is believed the numbers were not many more than 300. Among the eminent victims to the disease, besides Marshal Bugeaud, has been Madame Cats- lani; who arrived in Paris only a few days before, and entertained friends at dinner on Saturday, in perfect health—on Tuesday she was dead! She was in her seventieth year. Cholera has appeared again in Vienna. On the 9th the deaths had reached as many as 150 a day.

The following communication on the affairs of the River Plate should have reached us some time ago, but had been detained on its route, or missent, by accident. Though the news it contains is no longer fresh, the statements especially on commercial prospects are fuller than any we had before seen; and we have great reliance on the accuracy of our corre- spondent's information. "Buenos Ayres, 19th March 1849. "There appears at last to be a prospect of a settlement of the River Plate question; a result at which all must be equally desirous of arriving, and which has hitherto been prevented solely because the parties did not seem to understand each other. The Government of Buenos Ayres imagined that we had objects in view which attacked the rights of the Confederation' as an independent country; and we had been led to consider that they demanded exorbitant compensation and reparation for the evils we had inflicted on them. " When Mr. Southern arrived here, in October last, as her Majesty's Minister Plenipotentiary to the Confederation, he found that this Government would not receive him; that they had in like manner refused to grant Mr. Hood, our Consul, his exequatur; and that a strong feeling of irritation existed, heightened by an im- pression that the previous mission, that of Messrs. Gore and Gros, had attempted to leave the Government of this country entirely out of the settlement of a ques- tion in which it had acted a principal part, and to gain round its ally in the Brian Oriental, General Oribe, to throw it over.

" Mr. Southern having demanded the causes of his non-reception, he was

informed that, in 1845, Mr. Ouseley had brought about an open rupture by asking for his passports to leave the country ; that the English Consul bad fol- lowed his example; that we had blockaded the Argentine ports, captured its squadron, taken possession of the Argentine island of Martin Garcia, and invaded its interior rivers; and that for all these reasons the Government of Buenos Ayres could not resume diplomatic relations with England until such time as we had given satisfaction and made reparation for these acts. After a long correspond- ence, in which Mr. Southern tried to impress on the Government the expediency and propriety of his being received as a first step in the negotiation for the settle- ment of the differences between the two countries,—but to which they would not listen, on the ground of such reception being derogatory to the honour and dignity of the Confederation,—he was induced to inquire what this satisfaction and re- paration consisted of, that the Argentine Government considered so essential. He was informed in reply, that nothing more was asked or required than what the British Government had already itself agreed to,—namely, the propositions brought out by Mr. Hood in 1846 as made by the English and French Governments, which Generals Roses and Oribe had accepted with a few modifications afterwards con- firmed by the mission of Lord Howden and Count Walewski, but which had been thrown aside on the failure of that mission. Nut only, however, was General Ro- sati satisfied with these propositions as a means of restoring amicable relations, but in order to facilitate matters, he offered to enter upon the consideration of their adaptation to the present position of England, which was acting Alone, and not, as formerly, in conjunction with France. " Nothing could be more fair or rational; and, after some little difficulty on points of form, Mr. Southern has obtained a project of convention from this Go- vernment, which he has sent home for the approval of Lord Palmerston. "The French Admiral in this river, who had received instructions in January last from his Government to endeavour to bring about some settlement of the question as regards the position of France, has also been up here, and in cor- respondence with the Government. He has followed much the same course as Dlr. Southern; who led the way in bringing about u favourable result, and more than all, in changing the angry feeling which existed here against us, hi one of the utmost cordiality and good-will. The Admiral has now, it appears, received a project of convention adapted in like manner to the circumstances of France; which having continued the intervention, by means of the blockade of the ports of the Banda Oriental held by General Oribe, and the support of the town of Monte Video with men and grants of money, is of course boned to make a con- vention with General Oribe as well, and to withdraw its interference entirely from the Banda Oriental. One of the conditions of this project in the establish- ment of an armistice at Monte Video, until such time as the determination of the French Government is known with respect to the convention: and to this article, no doubt, all the parties will readily consent. " Thus are the foundations laid for a solid and lasting peace in this river, after a long and ineffectual intervention on the part of England and France; and, as regards ourselves, entirely from a misunderstanding of the principles on which we supposed ourselves bound to act, and a misconception of the eventual results of such interference. We imagined that the Government of Buenos Ayres was aim- ing at the conquest of the Banda Oriental, when it was merely acting in concert with an ally against the common enemy of both Republics, which had itself in- vaded Argentine territory; and it only continued its cooperation with its ally in the Banda Oriental subsequently, against those who had displaced a legal Go- vernor and were principally supported by Buenos Ayrean subjects and foreign le- gions, by whom alone it might be said that the independence of the Banda Orient- al of Uruguay was placed in jeopardy. We further considered ourselves bound

i

to support the independence of Uruguay : but, even supposing that it were threat- ened, there is not a single stipulation of treaty which binds us to do so, and we are only mentioned in the convention of 1828 between Brazil and Buenos Ayres, as having mediated in the settlement of this preliminary convention, which was to serve as the basis of a definitive treaty between the two contracting parties. As regards the objects we had in view,—namely, the protection of British pro-

platy and oommerce,—we have unfortunately failed, inasmuch as both property and commerce have been entirely destroyed by a protracted war, which but for the intervention would have been put an end to at once, or rather had been al- ready terminated, and was again resumed on the declaration of the interference of England and France.

" The raising of the French blockade in July last has already done something towards restoring commerce to this country, and a progressive increase both in the exports and imports has been the result. Nevertheless, a want of confidence in the stability of peace still exists; and merchants are unwilling to risk much of their capital. The resumption of our relations with this country on a firm and desirable basis will be the signal for the unfolding. of the vast resources for an ex- tensive trade, which from its peculiar characteristics it presents. Entirely unable to manufacture, it looks to us almost exclusively for all kinds of manufactured goods; while we in turn receive a large quantity of its produce. A further ad- vantage which we have to reap from a settlement here is the payment of interest on the foreign debt of this country. A regular monthly payment in part of the interest had been made during a year at the time that we established the blockade of Buenos Ayres, when it. was suspended. In January 1849, however, it has been resumed; and it is believed that the favourable state of the finances of this country may lead to the payment of an additional sum, if not of the whole amount, of interest on the debt.

" The Banda Oriental, although it has been almost entirely depopulated and laid waste by the long warfare, possesses every element for a speedy. restoration to a state of prosperity. It is a beautiful and fertile country, and enjoys a delight- ful climate. Its situation is also admirably adapted for commerce, both foreign in its line port of Monte Video, and internal up the river Uruguay and its ramifica- tions. As far as we are concerned, it makes very little difference whether Oribe ie President or anybody else, or whether one is friendly, to Roses and the other not. All we have to look to in these countries is to extend our commeree; and this cannot he done by armed interventions, but by keeping up a friendly and cor- dial intercourse."

A correspondent informs the Jewish Chronicle that Baron Rothschild, who was sitting under the Speaker's gallery at Mr. J. O'Connell's Parliamentary " turn- out," declined to withdraw. References were made, and among others to Sir R. Peel. The Baron remained as a matter of right—Globe.

During the last twelve months 22,000 pounds of unsound meat have been orbital at Manchester.

Upwards of 150,000 persons left Manchester by railway daring Whitsun week. —Preston Chronicle.

An Irish navigator applied at the Glasgow Police-office, crying, and declared that he had not a penny and knew not where to lay his head that night. The poor fellow was uncivilly searched, and found to possess 8s. 7d. and a fine silk handkerchief. He was provided with a good supper and a bed. When he ap- reared before the Magistrate, neat day, his pecuniary resources were reduced to 2s. 6d.

In this week's report of the Registrar-General the death of a juggler is men- tioned, in University College Hospital, from "tremendous pericarditis, caused by passing an iron sword down the oesophagus, and thence to the pericardium, after exhibition."

Violent thunder-storms occurred in various parts of the country last week, by which much damage was done, while several persons were hurt by the lightning. At Osborne House, on Friday, the clock-tower was struck, some of the cornice was knocked off, and windows were broken. Three men suffered ; one of them, Cor- ney, was set on fire, the lightning striking him on the head, taking away his senses, and endangering his life.

The American mail brings intelligence of another lamentable wreck of an Irish emigrant ship, in the vast field of ice which has this year extended to a much greater sire than usual near the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The Maria, an old vessel, left Limerick on the 2d April, with Ill passengere and a crew of ten. All went well till the ship approached St. Paul's, where it encountered a great accumulation of ice; and late on the night of the 10th May, it ran into a berg with great force ; the whole of the bows were stove in, a torrent of water entered, and in a few mo- ments the ship foundered. A few people got on to the ice, others clung to spars, and eventually twelve persons were collected in a boat—the mate, a seaman, the cabin-boy, and nine passengers; but 109 individuals perished. After exposure in the boat for the whole of the following day, two ships were seen to approach, and the survivors were rescued.

Two other ships, traders, have been lost in the ice; but the crews were saved, in one case after they had Leen in the boat no less than seven days. The master and portion of the crew of the Hannah who deserted the passengers and their fellow mariners in the hour of peril were picked up by a vessel four days aftei.

A nephew of Mr. Wombwell, the proprietor of the travelling menagerie, has been killed, at Coventry, by an elephant. The young man did not usually attend the elephant; and he went to feed it at a later hour than ordinary.

Results of the Registrar-General's return of mortality in the Metropolis for the week ending on Saturday last—

Zyznatie Diseases Dropsy, Cancer, and other diseases of uncertain or variable seat Tubercular Diseases Diseases of the Brain, Spinal Marrow, Nerves, and Senses .

Diseases of the Heart and Blood-vessels Diseases of the Lungs, and of the other Organs of Respiration... Diseases of the Stomach, Liver, and other Organs of Digestion - Diseases of the Kidneys, Ste Childbirth, diseases of the Uterus, Sc. Rheumatism, diseases of the Bones, Joints, Sc Diseases of the Skin, Cellular Tissue, Sc Malformations ... ..

Premature Birth Atrophy Age Sudden Violence, Privation, Cold, and Intemperance Total (Including unspecified causes) 971 963

The temperature of the thermometer ranged from 97.3° in the sun to 36.0° in the shade; the mean temperature by day being warmer than the average mean temperature by 0.7°. The mean direction of the wind for the week was East- north-east. Number of Deaths. 261 34

sea 120 42 102 80

14 13 3 22 24

It

49 Spring Average. 196 48 200 123 81 131 e2 11 8 8 1 21 17 so 11 33