Vratriurid.

Mr. Hadfield met his Sheffield constituents in the Town-hall of that borough on Wednesday ; and Mr. Roebuck was present to show his gra- titude to his colleague " for the kindness he had received from him during his long affliction." Mr. Hadfield gave a very detailed account of his doings in Parliament ; of the votes he had given, the measures he had supported ; and of his own views of what should be done in various directions,—extension of the franchise, adoption of the ballot, admission of the Jews, reform of the Ecclesiastical Courti, abolition of religious endowments, and in foreign policy the adoption of the principle of non- intervention, and the abolition of the secret system in diplomacy. Mr. Hadfield was questioned on several points. One gentleman asked if Mr. Hadfield knew what we are going to fight for in Persia? Mr. Hadfield said, that though he had read the papers, he certainly could not say. He should like to refer the question to his honourable colleague. (Laughter.)

Mr. Roebuck immediately rose and said, " The question is, that we are said to be about to go to war with Persia, and the honourable gentleman asks for what? As I am not a Minister of the Crown, as I am not in the counsels of Lord Palmerston, I cannot answer; and what is more, I suspect he could not." (Loud laughter and applause.)

When the questioning was over, and thanks had been unanimously voted to both Members, Mr. Roebuck's turn came.

He first explained why he was there : it was to express publicly, and he did it with much warmth, his best thanks to Mr. Hadfield for all he had done to relieve and soften the great calamity that fell upon him. He and Mr. Hadfield agreed on most points—if he went over the points of agree- ment he should occupy them till night—but on a few points they agreed to differ. One of these points was the doctrine of nonintervention. M. Roe- buck stated his own conviction with great emphasis. "I believe we ought not to interfere in the internal affairs of other nations • but while we abstain we must see that nobody else does so interfere." (Cheers.) England should ally herself, if she can, against the despots ; but she should not interfere between sovereigns and their people. "Now I will state to you my views upon this Neapolitan interference. I think we are militating against our own rule in this matter, in interfering between a people and their sove- reign. Now if the Austrians had marched their troops into Naples, then, I say, we might fairly have declared war against Austria. But Austria has done no such thing. We have said to King Bomba—as I think he is called in derision—' You oppress your subjects ; you must not do so any more.' Though I lament as much as any one that there should be such an animal upon this earth as King Bombs, yet between him and his people I think it is our duty not to interfere. The moment any other power interferes then we can step in." Another point on which he differed from Mr. Hadfield was religious endowments. Mr. Roebuck said, endow none, or endow all. He would ra- ther endow none. Now Mr. Hadfield voted with Mr. Spooner on the May- nooth question ; but Mr. Roebuck would not vote for the putting doyniof Maynooth until what Mr. Grote called "the greatest ecclesiastical enormity in the world," the Irish Church, is put down. He also differed from bir. Hadfield on the subject of national education ; believing that it is better to prevent crinie'by educating the people than to punish criminals. Lord Robert Cecil, Member for Stamford, addressed a large audience last week in the lecture-room of the Mechanics' Institution in Stamford, on National Education. The greater part of his discourse consisted of a history of the Education question ; followed by an examination of the proposals of Sir John Pakington, Lord John Russell, and Mr. Milner Gibson, and a rejection of their 4 theories" in favour of the practical system carried out under the Educational Committee of the Privy Coun- cil, At the outset of his speech he made a distinction, not new indeed, but perhaps not sufficiently remembered— a When I talk of the education of the people, I am free to confess that I i do not mean what I say. What I really mean is the instruction of the peo- ple. Though it sounds a paradox to say so, schools and schoolmasters have really very little to do with the education of the young. To educate the young, is really not so much to cultivate their intellects as it is to train their hearts, to mould their habits of feeling and of action in accordance with the precepts of religion. The culture of the memory and the reason, which is the work of the schoolmaster, is not education ; it is mere in- struction. And yet I must continue to call it education, in spite of this akology ; for the habit of thus misusing the word has become so inveterate with speakers and writers—it boasts such high official sanction—it has so embedded itself into all our habits of thought, that I should only be making myself unintelligible if I affected a more accurate phraseology. Yet I can- not but think the distinction involves more than a question of mere verbal correctness ; it seems to me productive of most serious evil. It leads us to expect at the hands of our schoolmasters results which they cannot possibly produce, and to which they can only very partially contribute ; and then we decry and perhaps abandon our system, because it does not answer our un- reasonable expectations. We call our school-instruction education, and then we expect from it that moral training and moral renovation which only the real education can supply. But real education cannot be done on the school-bench, under terror of the school-cane, by help of school-books and black-board. If done at all, it must be done elsewhere than at school. It must be the result of the influences which breathe around the daily life in a well-ordered home; of a mother's affectionate care and tender vigilance ; of holy lessons instilled and fostered under the genial warmth of that soft re- ligious sympathy which speaks not in catechisms but from heart to heart ; of that which teaches more than words can teach—the daily example of a parent's virtuous life. So far as these exist the child will have a real edu- cation."

Lord Robert infers from the " contemptuous " rejection of Lord John Russell's resolutions by the House of Commons, that the present system will not be interfered with, "probably until the next census "; and if "the rate of increase" of the Privy Council system "be maintained, it will probably before the next census comes have provided for all who are now destitute of the means of education." Sir John Pakington's Mea- sure, he said, would cause more irreligion and more demoralization by tenfold than all the ignorance which it was intended to remove ; and he believed that at last religious men of all parties, in very despair, would unite in a resolution to exclude this bone of discord, religious teaching, altogether • and so this compromise would sink down into becoming that very secul;ir system which it was intended to avert.

The first election of members of the new Council under the Cambridge University Reform Act, took place in the Cambridge Senate-house on Friday the 7th. The following were elected for four years— Heads of Houses—Dr. WheAll, Trinity ; Dr. Corrie, Jesus. Professors—Mr. Selwyn, St. John's, Lady Margaret Professor of Divi- nity; Mr. Browne, Emmanuel, Hulseln Lecturer of Divinity. Members of the Senate—Mr. Martin Fellow of Trinity ; Mr. Bateson, Fellow of St. John's ; Dr. Paget, Caius ,(Medicine) ; Mr. France, Fellow of St. John's.

The following were elected for two years-

Heads—Dr. Phelps, Master of Sidney ; the Honourable Mr. Neville, Master of Magdalene. Professors—Mr. Sedgwick, Trinity College, Geology ; Mr. Grote, Trinity College Moral Philosophy. Members of the Senate—Mr. Clark, Fellow of Trinity ; Mr. Adams, Fellow of Pembroke ; Mr. Campion, Fellow of Queen's ; Mr. Hardwick, Fellow of St. Catherine's.

Professor Thompson (Greek) was within two votes of Professor Grote ; and Mr. Gunson, the Tutor of Christ's, was within five votes of Mr. Hardwick.

Prominent among the lecturers of the week is the Bishop of Oxford ; who delivered an address on Tuesday, inaugurating the winter session of the Reading Mechanics' Institute. The subject was National Life. The Bishop treated the large theme with great breadth and a tempered eloquence. Defining a nation as a gathering of individual men into one community under a fixed form of government, so that the body might be treated as possessing a common life, a common moral aim, and so united that it might be spoken of in a certain way as constituting a personality, he illustrated its growth by describing that of the Jewish nation, the nations that sprung into being after the dissolution of the Roman Em- pire, and that of England itself. Showing the influence of a common origin, a common faith, and a common language, the conditions of a vigorously organized nationality, he showed how in the case of Italy the policy of the Papacy had kept her from renewing the national organiza- tion she possessed under Imperial Rome ; and how in the case of Russia, her destruction of Poland—in the case of Austria, her conquest of Lom- bardy--in the case of England, her merging the separate life of Ire- land in the nationality of the empire—had made each and all weaker. He showed how national life depends on organization • how organization is strength ; how a consciousness of strength breeds a certain nobleness of mind ; and how great poets and painters have only risen out of the body of true nations. Nor did he fail to point out some of the sources of national weakness,—excessive party-spirit, and intense religious differences, among them. In his peroration he dis- coursed on the great task set before the British people—to preserve and extend our purity of faith and worship, and to exhibit, as flowing forth from these, a rational, well-balanced, ennobling liberty.

" The Blaydon Newsroom and Literary Institute" kept its first anni- versary by giving a tea-party on Thursday week, in the school-room of St. Cuthbert's Church, Blaydon. After tea, Lord Ravensworth delivered an ,

address, with the view of promoting "the great cause of order and re- ligion." The whole tenour of his • discourse was directed against "in- fidelity in revealed religion " ; which, we infer from Lord Ravensworth's address, is, in some unexplained way, patronized by "the other insti- tute" at Blaydon. He would not.say that "all those who belong to the other institute are bad men" ; he regarded them with " deep compassion

and sorrow." But while he upheld the right of private judgment, and stated his belief that " the cause of true religion has never been pro- moted by anything approaching to persecution," he distinctly warned those who attempt to "impugn the doctrines of revealed religion," that "they may probably find themselves under the prosecution of her Ma- jesty's Attorney-General." The Honourable G. H. Liddell also ad- dressed the meeting on educational pursuits ; advocating the reading of light literature as a "healthy recreation," but warning his hearers against the light literature of France.

M. Kossuth lectured at Manchester on Tuesday, in the Free Trade Hall, to an audience of three or four thousand persons, including many ladies, and among local notables, Sir John Potter, Mr. George Wilson, Mr. Absolom Watkin, and Dr. Vaughan. Mr. R. N. Phillips, High Sheriff of Lancashire. presided. Kossuth's subject was the nationality of Italy ; and his object was to show that Italy can only win her inde- pendence by insurrection, and that her chances of success now are double what they were in 1848. " When the day comes for the tricolor to be hoisted once more on the walls of Milan, will there not be an encouraging cheer froth. the patriots, from the free people of Great Britain ?"

Gloucester, it seems, has suffered greatly from the late war ; yet, not- withstanding the fact that the incomes of its citizens have been thereby diminished, the Surveyor of Taxes has thought fit to surcharge them. This has caused a ferment in the city. On Thursday week, the Mayor presided over an " indignation " meeting in the Shire-hall. Mr. Samuel Bowly, Alderman Heane, Mr. T. M. Sturge, and others, spoke strongly not only against the abuses of the collection of the Income-tax, but against the tax itself. The speakers demanded its "total and immediate repeal," intimating that a substitute might be found in a property-tax. One of them stated that income-tax returns are sold for waste paper ; another, that a man who had sunk 25,000/. in business returned his income at 800/. a year, thus defrauding his creditors ; a third, that whereas he had returned his income in hundreds, the surveyor had altered it to thousands by adding a cipher. " If," said Alderman Heane, "we are to be at the mercy of a secret tribunal, the sooner we have a Czar to reign over us the better." A memorial to the Lords of the Treasury, embodying the spirit of the resolutions adopted, condemning the tax as " vexatious, oppressive, unfair," was carried.

Mr. Richard Andrews has been elected Mayor of Southampton, for the fifth time. Romsey has elected the same gentleman as Mayor for five times—Dr. Beddome.

Mr. Cyrus Field, the projector of the Atlantic Submarine Telegraph. Company, explained his project to a number of gentlemen in the Under- writers' room at Liverpool. on Wednesday. It is proposed to sink a cable of 1900 miles from Valencia in Ireland to St. John's Newfound- land. A survey of the intervening ocean has shown that there is a tole- rably level bottom, covered with minute shells, all across ; the greatest depth, 2070 fathoms, being within about thirteen miles of the centre. If this line were laid, it would place Liverpool in immediate connexion with New Orleans. The scheme appears to have been favourably re- ceived.

Burglary and highway robbery with violence have risen to such a pitch in the West Riding of Yorkshire, that Colonel Pollard, Chairman of the Hali- fax bench of Magistrates, has announced in open court, that the gentlemen of the neighbourhood carry revolvers, and that they will shoot any one who lays a finger on them on the highway.

The body of the "Gipsy King," whose name is Stanley, has been found in the Dart, near Totmes. Foul play is suspected ; the surgeons stating that the deceased had been strangled before the body entered the water. On the other hand, Stanley, while drunk, had quarrelled with his sons and threat- ened to drown himself.

The Coroner's Jury who sat on the bodies of the miners who perished by an inundation at Bryn Melly Colliery have returned a verdict of "Acci- dental death."

Two calamitous incidents have occurred on the railway between Newport and Hereford. Some trucks escaped from a siding at Pontypool, ran down an incline, and came in contact with an advancing passenger-train : a number of passengers were hurt. Near Nantyderry station, the engine of an express-train left the rails and dragged the train athwart the road; at that moment a goods-train came up on the other line, and there was a fear- ful crash. Two gentlemen were killed, and several persons were badly bruised.