gortign antLeolonial.

Intelligence has been received from India and China; though the second overland mail from Bombay has failed to arrive at its appointed time. The Oriental steamer left Alexandria on the 27th September without it ; but Admiral Owen had despatched the Queen's steamer Geyser from Malta to Alexandria, so that the mail, when it should come to hand, might be detained as short a time as possible. A mail from Calcutta, which left that place on the 10th August, has been received.

Cuma.—The intelligence from Hong-kong and Canton, to the 26th Jtdy, is highly satisfactory. On the 22d June, Sir Henry Pottinger issued a proclamation, announcing that the ratifications of the Nankin treaty of peace had been exchanged, and that he had concluded with the Chinese High Commissioner a commercial treaty and tariff ; which he publishes. His proclamation contains an emphatic injunction to the British- " His Excellency most solemnly and urgently calls upon all subjects of the British Crown, individually and collectively, by their allegiance to their Sove- reign, by their duty to their country, by their own personal reputation, respect, and good name, and by the integrity and honesty which is due from them as men to the imperial rights of the Emperor of China, not only to strictly con- form and act up to the said provisions of the commercial treaty, but to spurn, decry, and make known to the world, any base, unprincipled, and traitorous overtures which they, or their agents or employes, may receive from, or which may be in any shape made to them, by any subject of China—whether officially connected with the Government or not—towards entering into any collusion or scheme for the purpose of evading or acting in contravention to the said pro- visions of the commercial treaty."

Though Sir Henry does not anticipate that even a single individual will disregard his exhortation, he intimates that he is determined to see that the provisions of tho commercial treaty are fulfilled: should they be -infringed,

" he will adopt the most stringent and decided measures against the offending parties; and, where his present powers may not fully authorize and sanction such measures as may seem to him fitting, he will respectfully trust that the Legislature of Great Britain will hold bins indemnified for adopting them, in an emergency directly compromising the national honour, dignity, and good faith, in the estimation of the Government of China and the eyes of other nations."

The provisions of the treaty had been simultaneously promulgated by the Chinese High Commissioner. After reciting the facts respect- ing the treaty of peace and the permission to trade at Canton and four other ports, the Commissioner states that a new commercial treaty and tariff have been agreed upon ; the tariff of duties to take effect in re- spect to the commerce of all other countries with China, as well as that of England. The proclamation continues-

" Henceforth, then, the weapons of war shall for ever be laid aside, and joy and profit shall be the perpetual lot of all; neither slight nor few will be the advantages reaped by the merchants alike of China and of foreign countries. From this time forward, all must free themselves from prejudice and suspicions, pursuing each his proper avocation, and careful always to retain no inimical feelings from the recollection of the hostilities that have before taken place : far such feelings and recollections can have no other effect than to hinder the growth of a good understanding between the two people. " With regard to Fuchow, Amoy, Ningpo, and Shanghai, the four ports which by his Imperial Majesty's gracious permission are now newly opened for trade, it is requisite that the replies of the Board of Revenue should be re- ceived before the commerce of those ports should be actually thrown open. But Canton has been a mart for English trade during more than two centuries past ; and therefore, the new regulations having been decided upon, they ought at once to be brought into operation, that the far-travelled merchants may not be any longer detained in the outer seas, disappointed in all their anticipations. The High Commissioner, the Governor-General, and the Governor, have there- fore, in concert with the Superintendent of Customs, determined in fulfilment of their august Sovereign's gracious desire to cherish tenderly men from afar, that a commencement shall be made with the opening of the port of Canton under the new regulations on the 1st of the seventh month. [27th July 1843.] The wishes of the merchants will thus, it is hoped, be met. The island of Hong-kong having been by the gracious pleasure of his august Majesty granted as a place of residence to the English nation, the merchants of that nation, who will proceed from thence to the various ports, will be numerous; and such vessels as they may engage to convey them to and fro will therefore be required to lie under no restrictions, but merely to accept engagements at fair and just rates. If, however, such passengers convey goods in the same boat with the view of evading the dues of Government, they shall be subject to such fines as the law shall direct. Should the merchants of China desire to proceed to the island of Hong-kung aforesaid to trade, they will be required only to report themselves to the next customhouse, and to pay the duties on their merchan- dise, according to the new tariff, obtaining a pass before they quit port to com- mence their traffic. Any who may dare to go and trade without having re- quested such a pass, on discovery shall be dealt with as offenders of the laws against clandestine traffic and against contumacious visiting of the open seas. " As to those natives of China who, in past days, may have served the English soldiery or others with supplies, and may have been apprehended in consequence, the High Commissioner has obtained from the good favour of his august Sovereign, vast and boundless as that of Heaven itself, the remission of -their punishment for all past deeds ; and any such who may nut yet have been brought to trial are, therefore, no longer to be sought after; while all who may have been seized and brought before Government are granted a free pardon.. All persons of this class must then attend quietly to their avocations with • diligent pursuit of every thing that is good and right; they need entertain no apprehension of being hereafter dragged forward, nor yield in consequence to any fears or suspicions.

" With reference to the arrangements which the High Commissioner and his colleagues have made in regard to duties, every thing has been done with a single eye to a just impartiality. All merchants, then, whether of China or of foreign countries, are called upon to consider the pains that the High Commis- sioner and his colleagues have taken, and by all means to abide in the quiet pursuit pf their respective callings, and in the enjoyment of so auspicious a peace. From henceforward amity and good-will shall ever continue, and those from afar and those who nre near shall perpetually rejoice together. Such is the fervent hope of the High Commissioner and his colleagues ; and in this hope they command implicit obedience to what is now thus specially promul- gated."

The articles of the commercial treaty are voluminous, because minute; and are characterized by remarkable care, and, on the part of the Chi- nese, extraordinary liberality. The first relates to pilots ; the second to customhouse-officers, who are to board ships, but to be provided with sustenance by their own authorities, and are to receive no fees; the next to masters of ships reporting themselves on arrival, with pecu- niary penalties on disobedience ; the fourth to " commercial dealings between English and Chinese merchants"— "It having been stipulated that English merchants may trade with what- ever native merchants they please, should any Chinese merchants fraudulently abscond or incur debts which they are unable to discharge, the Chinese autho- rities, on complaint being made thereof, will of course do their utmost to bring the offenders to justice : it must, however, be distinctly understood, that if the defaulter really cannot be found, or be dead, or bankrupt, and there be not wherewith to pay, the English merchant may not appeal to the former custom of the Hong merchants, paying for one another, and can no longer expect their losses made good to them."

Article fifth substitutes a tannage-due of 5 mace on entry in lien of all existing fees on entry and departure. Article sixth declares that only the duties specified in the tariff are to be paid. The next articles regulate the examination of goods at the Customhouse, the manner of paying the duties, weights and measures, cargo-boats, and transshipment of goods. The concluding articles may be quoted entire- " 12. Subordinate Consular Officers.—At any place selected for the anchor- age of the English merchant-ships, there may be appointed a subordinate Con- sular officer, of approved good conduct, to exercise due control over the seamen and others. He must exert himself to prevent quarrels between the English seamen and natives; this being of the utmost importance. Should any thing of the kind unfortunately take place, he will in like manner do his best to arrange it amicably. When sailors go on shore to walk, officers shall be re- quired to accompany them ; and should disturbances take place, such officers will be held responsible. The Chinese officers may not impede natives from coming alongside the ships to sell clothes or other necessaries to the Whits living on board. " 13. Disputes between British Subjects and Chinese.—Whenever a Brill& subject has reason to complain of a Chinese, he must first proceed to the Con- sulate and state his grievance. The Consul will thereupon inquire into the merits of the case, and do his utmost to arrange it amicably. In like manner, if a Chinese have reason to complain of a British subject, he shall no less listen to his complaint, and endeavour to settle it in a friendly manner. If an Eng- lish merchant have occasion to address the Chinese authorities, he shall send such address through the Consul; who will see that the language is becoming, and if otherwise, will direct it to be changed, or will refuse to convey the address. If unfortunately any disputes take place of such a nature that the Consul cannot arrange them amicably, then he shall request the assistance of a Chinese officer, that they may together examine into the merits of the case, and decide it equitably. Regarding the punishment of English criminals, the English Government will enact the laws necessary to attain that end, and the Consul will be empowered to put them in force; and regarding the punish- ment of Chinese criminals, these will be tried and punished by their own laws, in the way provided for by the correspondence which took place at Nankin after the concluding of the peace. 14. "British Government Cruisers Anchoring within the Ports.—An Eng- lish Government cruiser will anchor within each of the five ports, that the Consul may have the means of better restraining. railors and others, and pre- venting disturbances. But these Government cruisers are not to be put upon the same footing as merchant-vessels; for as they bring no merchandise and do not come for trade, they will of course pay neither dude' nor charges. The resident Consul will keep the Superintendent of Customs duly informed of the arrival and departure of such Government cruisers, that he may take his mea- sures accordingly. 15. On the Security to be given for British liferchant-vessels.—It has hitherto been the custom, when an English vessel entered the port of Canton, that a Chinese Hong merchant stood security for her, and all duties and charges were paid through such Security-merchant. But these Security- merchants being now done away with, it is understood that the British Consul will henceforth be security for all British merchant-ships entering any of the aforesaid Chinese ports."

The tariff of duties is far too long for our columns. It effects great reductions. The export-duty on the important article of tea is fixed at 47 cents per 100 catties ; raw silk, 13 dollars 89 cents per 100 catties; silk piece goods, 16.67; treasure (coin of all kinds) free. In the import- table, cotton manufactures are charged 21 cents per piece ; unbleached cotton manufactures, 14 cents ; cotton yarn and thread, 1 dollar 40 cents per 100 catties ; linen, per piece, 70 cents ; treasure, free ; wool- len-manufacures, per clang of 141 inches, from 91 to 21 cents; blankets, 14 cents each ; rice, paddy, and grain of all sorts, free. In both tables, unennmerated articles are charged at 5 per cent ad valorem. Mr. Tradescant Lay had been appointed Consul at Canton.

Sir Henry Pottinger had formally assumed the government of Hong- kong on the 26th June ; the city, on the Northern side of the island, being named Victoria. A Legislative Council, Magistrates, and other civil officers, were duly installed. The whole possession seems to show signs of rapid growth. Itrnxa.—The news from India is very imperfect. There appears to be some more contention in Scinde, and the troops were enfeebled by ill-health. A party who had moved out against Shere Malsommed suf- fered severely from heat ; as many as one officer and fifty European soldiers being lost in two days. The last death recorded was that of Lieutenant Pottinger, of the Fifteenth Bombay Native Infantry. All Morad, a friendly Ameer, had dispersed a party under Meer Ali Mahout,- med, who had taken up a position at Khyrpore.

Recent disturbances in this Punjab, together with those still existing

at Gualior, had given rise to a report, very generally credited, that a i large force would be assembled in the cold weather, to be ready in case of necessity.

GREECE.—The Malta papers have intelligence from Athens to the 22d September. On that day, the Princess of Oldenburg, sister of the Queen of Greece, embarked in an Austrian steamer, with Baron Hesse and about sixty Bavarians, recently dismissed from civil and military offices. King Otho and his Queen took leave on board ; an affecting scene. The war-ships in the Pincus saluted the parting steamer ; and the people kept up a succession of cheers, with shouts of "Long live the Constitution." On arriving at Patras, the Princess, hearing that some ill feeling existed, would not disembark. Her doctor, however, was not so prudent, but landed in full uniform, with several Bavarian decorations on his breast : he was obliged again to seek refuge on board, having been stoned and hooted.

Sramr.—The intelligence from Spain is of the usual conflicting and indecisive character. On the 8th, Madrid was as " tranquil " as it has been of late. At Barcelona, the Junta had made overtures both to Sanz and to the Government at Madrid, to 2. ield up the town ; but their terms were rejected. A despatch from Prim made much of "another complete victory," by which he had captured Mataro : but, on the other hand, he had been roughly repulsed in an attempt to storm Gerona; which had been aided with men and provisions by the Junta of Figue-

res. General Canedo was not thought to be sufficiently stern with Sa- ragossa, which had offered to surrender ; and Concha was about to leave Madrid to force an unconditional surrender. Insurrectionary move- ments are mentioned at Badajoz, Carthagena, Santander, Cordova, Se- govia, Zamora, Vigo, Valladolid, Cadiz, Almeira, Grenada, and other places ; but their success was on the whole trifling.

The Infante Don Francisco was seriously ill.

FRANCE.—Now that the fortifications of Paris begin to frown over the capital in veritable stone, the Democratic journals are struck with a general dismay at the manner in which they overawe the great city. Devised partly in deference to the Anti-British War party, they now frighten with fears of domestic coercion some of the fiercest of that party. The National accuses the Ministry of basing " translated the words 'exterior works,' used by the framers of the law of April 1841, into `twenty formidable detached forts, all menacing for Paris,' " and of other serious departures from the law. The Courrier Francais complains that the works are pushed forward with enormous rapidity ; while canals and railroads, and other works that would really benefit France, are neglected. A rise in the price of bread is another ingre- dient of discontent. The Rifforme puts the case against Government concisely- " The following is the condition of the capital of the civilized word at the approach of a winter which may become disastrous—Bread is increasing in price every fifteen days. A multitude of operatives are destitute of employ- ment. The deposits withdrawn from the Savings Banks exceed the receipts by 100,000 franca a week. The sales by authority of justice, protests, executions, bankruptcies, deposits with the pawnbrokers, closing of shops, children aban- doned to the care of the Foundling Hospital, and the admission of sick to the Hospitals, are increasing every day. The Government, however, is expending 300,000,000 francs to surround Paris with Bastilles."