. It is stated to us, on what we believe

to be unquestionable authority, that the French Government—or, in other words, his Majesty Louis Phi- lippe—has demanded the surrender of Don Carlos Louis Comte de Mon- temolin by the English Cabinet. We hear that the reply of Lord Pal- merston to this monstrous requisition was -the only one a British Minister ought to make—that England was a free country, and that any foreigner, no matter what might be his political opinions, was entitled to an asylum so long as he respected our laws.—Morning Post The. Journal des Dilmts of Sunday announced that Count de Montemolin dined with General Espartero on the 30th ultimo. Our Paris letter con- tradicts that statement, and mentions that it was M. Mora, formerly Con- sul of Mexico, who dined with the General on that day, and made him some overtures on the part of the Pretender. Espartero had rejected those offers; but it was believed that he would shortly publish a manifesto against the marriage of the Duo de Montpensier.—Times.

" The news of Count de Montemolin's escape," says a letter from Venice of the 25th September, " has caused some surprise here. One of the three hioncenigo Palaces, situated on the Grand Canal, had just been purchased on account of this Prince, and in his name. The sum given for it is about 350,000 francs. It is supposed that the Count de Monteniolin will fix his residence in this city, .particularly as his marriage withhsaPrincess of. Mo- dena has been announced in oertain.cireles as being altogether decided."

Don Carlos is living at Genoa, in a modest, retired manner. " He has," says a writer on the spot, " taken a very flue and finely-situated house near the Aqua Sola, where he promenades often with his wife,—a very homely-looking and plainly-dressed personage,—with one attendant and a servant following. He is very dark, and has rather a stern physiognomy; but his address is very gracious and polite. I hear from a gentleman, who visits him, that he much approves the step his sou has taken, and rather rejoices at the choice of husbands for her Spanish Majesty and the Infanta, as it will give an opportunity to bring his family titles to a decisive adjudi- cation."

The Epoque mentions as positive that the Prince Don Juan Maria, son of Don Carlos, born in March 1822, was to marry the. Archdutchess Maria

Beatrice d' Este; who was born in February 1824. The Este family is one of the wealthiest in Europe. The Dukes Mariano and Ferdinand d' Este, uncles of the Princess, have no children, and possess between them a fortune of 100,000,000. florins.

M. Alexandre Dumas has been appointed historiographer of the mar- riage of the Duo de Montpensier and the Infanta Luisa. He goes to Spain, accompanied by M. Auguste Maquet, a young and distinguished poet, and a celebrated painter. M. 'rhiSophile Gautier and M. Amddda Achard have also gone to Spain, to " assist " at the marriage. [What a pity these gentlemen are not to have a little war among their raw materials!] Louis Philippe, King of the French, completed his seventy-third year on Tuesday. He is the oldest sovereign in Europe, except Ernest, King of Hanover.

General Kalergi, one of the chiefs of the revolution of September last at Athens, has arrived in Paris on his way to London.

Dr. Dlendelssohn, the composer, was arrested at Ilabestahl, a small Prus- sian town on the Belgian frontier, in mistake for his cousin, Dr. Mendels- sohn, the advocate; against whom a warrant had been issued on political grounds. The composer was conveyed to prison, where he remained until enabled to prove his identity.

It is understood that Mr. Justice Ede will go to the Queen's Bench, and Mr. Vaughan Williams to the Common Pleas.

Sir George Arthur has much recovered from the illness which caused him to relinqush the Government of Bombay; and he has been passings few days with some members of his family at Winchester.

Our obituary records the death, on Saturday last, of an old Reformer, Sir Charles Wolseley, at Wolseley Hall, his seat in Staffordshire. Sir Charles was in the seventy-eighth year of his age, having been born in July 1769.

He was twice married: in 1794, to Mary, daughter of the Honourable Thomas Clifford, of Tixall, in Staffordshire; and that lady having died in 1811, Sir Charles married, in 1812, Anne, the youngest daughter of Mr.

Anthony Wright, of Wealdside, in the county of Essex. Nine children were the fruit of the two marriages. In his earlier days, Sir Charles gained some notoriety as a Radical Reformer. He joined with Hunt and Cobbett

in the agitation of the time; and on the 12th May 1819, he was elected by a large meeting at Newhall Hill to represent Birmingham in Parliament as a "legislatorial attorney." 1.4. is hardly necessary to say that he could not

enter the House of Commons. In the same year, he was tried for a se-. ditious speech Which he had niade at Stockport, and imprisoned for twelve months. On the 11th March 1820, he was again brought to trial, at Chester Assizes, for sedition, jointly with Joseph Harrison, a schoolmaster: both were found guilty, and sentenced to eighteen months' imprisonment.

Sir Charles's last act in connexion with the early Reform agitation was that of becoming surety for Mr. Hunt on his liberation from Ilchester Gaol. The Morning Post of Wednesday published a narrative headed " Elope- ment in high life," but said that it might "probably be more correctly described as a marriage anticipated." Captain Francis Lovell, "the representative of an old English family," had been an admitted suitor to the Lady Rose Somerset, fourth daughter of the Duke of Beaufort. " The sole objection offered by her noble parents to the ratification of the desired union" was " the extreme youth of her Ladyship, who only completed her seventeenth year in February last." During the night of Friday week, while the Duke and Dutchess were on a visit to Sir Chalet§ Morgan, at Tredegar, Lady Rose eloped from Badminton with the gallant Captain ; leaving on her boudoir a letter for her parents avowing the fact. The lovers were surmised to have hastened to the Scottish Border.

It is rumoured among the different circles of society in the West of this country that our most gracious and beloved Sovereign has offered 55,0001. for St. Michael's Mount, but that the sum asked is 75,0001. A more ap- propriate marine residence cannot exist; and we trust that the report will not prove to be without foundation.— West Briton.

There is a rumour afloat that the Queen Dowager is likely to become the occupant of the Royal Palace in this town.—Brighton Guardian.

It is quite clear that there is no fear of an "inundation" of grain. The home markets are but indifferently supplied, and prices are considerably higher. " Some of the shipping ports on the East coast," it is said, " have been visited by buyers from France and Holland, which has no doubt as- sisted to give an impetus to prices, and in Lincolnshire, Cambridgeshire, &c., similar qualities of wheat to those sold two months ago at 44s. to 45s. have this week realized 58s. to 60s. per quarter." The accounts from Ire- land do not warrant a more hopeful tone—all is scarcity. An account of the crops in Scotland is furnished by Messrs. Robert Hutchinson and Com- pany, of Kirkaldy. According to this statement, the wheat is of fair quan- tity and in good condition; but the produce about one-sixth under the average. The quality of the barley is very good, but the yield per acre is a full fifth under the average. The oat crop has been well-secured, and is reckoned to be no more than an eighth or a tenth below the average quantity. Of potatoes, the opinion given is, that about a twentieth part of tolerably sound potatoes may be selected out of the crop. Prices are on the rise.

From abroad it is clear that our supplies will be limited. By the latest accounts, flour in the United States had risen within a few days 50 or 75 cents per barrel. The stock at New York is 20,000 against 150,000 barrels of last year. At Montreal, they will hardly part with their wheat on any terms. Last year's wheat is selling at Dantzie for 48s. 6d.; at Rostock, for 53s. or 64s. At Stettin, there has been an impor- tant transaction. A thousand quarters of wheat, the annual consumption

of one village, of one factory, have been sold for 53s. At Hamburg, trade is paralyzed because everybody holds. Meanwhile, Indian corn is much enhanced in price.

" It is becoming a matter of current belief," says the Standard, " that within the last few weeks the disastrous accounts from Ireland have in- duced the farmers in England to supply the markets more sparingly than usual, by which means prices have been artificially enhanced." " The real state of the case might be placed beyond all doubt if we had any- thing approaching to accurate statistical returns of the production of the various articles of subsistence; but to the utter disgrace of the Govern- ment and Legislature, we are in this respect behind almost every country in Europe; and every step taken is literally in the dark without that knowledge." The Accounts relating to Trade and Navigation for the seven months ended 5th August, 1846, compiled in the statistical department of the Board of Trade, were issued on Thursday. The sole decidedly unsatisfactory return, as compared with the returns of the two preceding years, is that of woollen manufactures exported. The declared value of the exports of woollen manufactures during the first seven months of 1846, is 3,878,7651.; in the corresponding period of 1845 it was 4,748,7391; of 1844, 5,194,0321. The declared value of the exports of linen and cotton manufactures in the first seven months of 1846 is slightly less than in the same periods of 1845 and 1844. In the value of the exports of coals and calm, cotton-yarn, hardwares and cutlery, iron and steel, and silk manufactures, there is an increase. The total of the declared value of exports in the first seven months of 1846, is about two millions below what it was in the corresponding period of 1845, but less than 250,0001 below what it was in 1844. The only means of guessing at the state of the home market afforded by these re- turns, is the amount of the principal imported articles retained for home consumption. The total quantity of unrefined sugar entered for home consumption during the first seven months of 1846 was 2,768,898 hun- dredweights; in 1845, it was 2,924,205 hundredweights; in 1844, it was 2,377,590 hundredweights: tea, in 1846, 27,043,497 pounds; in 1845, 25,770,454 pounds; in 1844, 23,816,032 pounds: coffee, in 1846, 20,641,724 pounds; in 1845, 20,219,398 pounds; in 1844, 18,077,977 pounds: cocoa, in 1846, 1,746,021 pounds; in 1845, 1,590,334 pounds; in 1844, 1,577,018 pounds. In all these articles of moderate luxury, generally consumed by the middle and lower classes, there is increased consumption in 1846, ex- cept in the case of sugar; and in that the quantity returned, though less than in 1845, is greater than in 1844. These results indicate a fair con- suming power in the population, and, therefore, a good state of the home market.

The inhabitants of Wolverhampton have sent to Sir Robert Peel an ad- dress cordially thanking him for his sacrifices and exertions in the cause of free trade, and especially in repealing the Corn-laws. This address was unanimously voted by a town's meeting. In his reply, dated on the 5th instant, Sir Robert Peel makes his grateful acknowledgments for the compliment; with these further observations—

"There is no constituency in the United Kingdom more honourably conspicuous than that of Wolverhampton for a zealous support of the principles which are favourable to the freedom of commercial intercourse between nations. They are entitled to a share of the credit which is justly due to one of their Representatives in Parliament (Mr. Villiers), by whom those principles have been advocated for many years, under adverse as well as prosperous circumstances, with great per- severance and singular ability. "I am little disturbed by the imputations which have been cast upon me, be- cause I know that in the course which I have pursued I have been influenced by no other motive than a sense of public duty, and the conscientious belief that the measures I proposed for the relaxation of restrictions upon commerce, and the early repeal of taxes on the import of food, would be conducive to the general wel- fare" re Two important memorials have been addressed to the Lords of the Trea- sury by the Manchester Chamber of Commerce. One of these urges their Lordships to take into immediate consideration the provisions of the Navi- gation-laws, with a view to remedy the restraints to which they subject trade: it is brief, and simply states the opinion of the memorialists, that these laws are impolitic, and that it is impossible to retain them against the United States and several other nations. The other memorial is levelled against the system pursued by the East India Company in respect to bills and the rate of exchange. According to the Journal des Debals, the French Free-traders are causing great alarm at Rouen and several other manufacturing towns; where meet- ings of Protectionists have been held, and the Free-trade policy has been de- nounced in the most vehement manner.

Professor Schonbein made some experiments with his gun-cotton on Thursday, before Sir James Weir Hogg, Chairman of the East India Com- pany, and a number of scientific gentleman, in the grounds attached to Mr. Barron's establishment at Stanmore. " The experiments to exhibit the ap- plicability of this explosive material to fire-arms were eminently successful," pays the Times, " and excited the admiration of all who were present. A rifle charged with fifty-four and a half grains of gunpowder sent a ball through seven boards half an inch each in thickness at a distance of forty yards; the same gun charged with forty grains of the cotton rifle the ball Into the eighth board. On a subsequent trial with a fresh rifle at ninety yards, forty grains of cotton carried the ball through eight boards."

Professor Schonbein's gun-cotton has, we understand, been submitted to a board of Engineer and Artillery officers; who, alter a series of experiments and trials of its powers with muskets and rifles, have reported most favourably of its value and utility as respects small-arms; and recom- mended that further experiments should be made upon a larger scale, with the view of testing its applicability to heavy ordnance.—Literary Gazette.

We are informed that an officer of Artillery of high standing has been selected, with the consent of both parties, to test the merits of Lieutenant Warner's inventions, both of the shell and long range; and that the Trea- sury have appropriated the sum of 1,5001. to defray the expenses of the experiments; so that the curiosity of the public has at length some pro- spect of being gratified in respect to this gucestio vezata.—Idern.

We can authoritatively state that the Government have determined not to construct any more steam-vessels of iron; the practice on board the Excel- lent having demonstrated the inferiority of iron as compared with wood in resisting shot. In some instances, two plates of iron have been carried away by the shot; and in every case the aperture made in the wood is considerably smaller than that produced in the metal—a fact which clearly

establishes the claim to be revered of the "'modes walls of old England." —Hants Guardian.

The fate of the Great Britain appears to be sealed. On Friday, an un- successful attempt was made to get her off the beach by the two steam- tags sent from Liverpool. On Saturday, a more determined effort was made; but the success was confined to heaving the steamer's stern round into a more favourable position. During the night, the weather be- came boisterous; by the ensuing morning the steamer had forged further ashore, and at tide-time the sea was so high in the bay as to prevent the steam-tugs from approaching. Since Saturday the weather has con- tinued to be very boisterous; and the ill-fated vessel has moved still further ashore. The spring-tides reached their full height on Monday, higher, in- deed, than they will be for the rest of the year. The ship is said to have ten feet of water in the hold when the tide is up, and it flows out again when the tide recedes. Efforts, however, will be made to protect the vessel from further damage.

A letter has been sent by M. Galle, an astronomer at Berlin, to M. Le Verrier, verifying the existence of the new planet discovered by the latter. The result is, that our system contains yet another planet, which is no less than 1,250 millions of leagues (about 3,125 millions of English miles), distant from the son. M. Galle appears disposed to call the new planet " Janus," on considerations borrowed from the hypothesis that it may be on the confines of our solar system. M. Le Verrier, to whom be- longs the right of naming it, does not agree to the too significant name of Janus; but will consent to any other (" Neptune," for instance), which would have the assent of astronomers.

M. Faye, of Paris, announces his having found the parallax of the star 1830 of Groombridge—an anonymous star of the constellation Ursa Major —of which the proper movement of seven seconds yearly had been already recognized by M. Argelander. If the observations of Faye are exact to the minuteness, which all the examinatory trials seem to confirm, this star, which moves the most rapidly of all, is, moreover, the nearest to us of all those that we know of. Its parallax is not less than a second and six hundred parts of a second (P06). Thus the distance of this star from the earth is equal to 195,000 times the mean distance of the earth from the sun—a space which light travels in about three years.—Raccolta Scientifica di Roma.

On Saturday last, a train of merchandise left Manchester for Crewe composed of 101 waggons. Its gross weight was 600 tens, and its length 1,550 feet. The distance, thirty miles, was accomplished-in two hours nine minutes, being. at the rate of fourteen miles per hour, over gradients varying from 1 in 877 to 1 in 880. —Manchester Guardian.

The inhabitants of the commune of Fontaine-sur- Somme, annoyed at seeing the Boulogne Railway cross their grounds, endeavoured some time ago by acts of vio- lence to express t heir disapprobation. The attemps being repressed, one of the in- habitants, in order to have revenge, lately flung a piece of wood on the rail at the moment a waggon loaded with workmen was passing, and thereby forced it off the line. Several of the men were severely injured. The perpetrator of this atro- cious act has been arrested.

Under the head of " Canada," the Westminster Review gives an amusing spe- cimen of " literary " information. It seems that the editor of the Hamilton (Canada) Commercial Advertiser of the 16th of July last, concocted a " leading article" on the Westminster Review; in which he informs his reader that after the review left the hands of Jeremy Bentham, it passed into the possession of some person whose name the editor did not recollect, and then it was subsequently pur- chased by Colonel Sibthorp, as a medium for giving vent to his enthusiasm in favour of free trade! The Westminster says that Jereniy Bentham only wrote one article in its early numbers; and then, with a most innocent gravity, declares its profound ignorance of anything which Colonel Sibthorp may have contributed to its pages.

One of the sons of Schamyl, hero of the Caucasus, was taken prisoner some years ago, when only eight years old, by the Russians. The Emperor had him brilliantly educated at the Military School, where he was considered one of the best pupils. He never spoke of his father, and appeared to have forgotten his birthplace. His comrades and professors were ignorant of his origin, and he was known by a name different from his own. He left the Military School last July, and was sent as Lieutenant to the regiment of Finland. A month back, he sud- denly disappeared, leaving a letter for his Colonel, in which he informed him of his birth, and declared that, though young, he had never forgotten his native country, and that he was going to join his father and brothers. This news caused a great sensation. The young Schamyl, who is eighteen years of age, was much beloved by his fellow pupils; who at present cannot help admiring the patience and courage with which he endured his lot for so long a time. It is sup- posed that he had succeeded in reaching Sweden. A family of rich Finland peasants have been arrested on suspicion of having favoured his escape.— Con- stitutionnel.

Letters from Persia announce the total disappearance of the cholera from Tehran, and the return of the Shab to his capital.

Major Bevan, of Limerick, who had served for thirty years in India, and was the author of a work entitled " Field Sports in India," accidentally shot himself dead last week. He was returning from a shooting excursion on a car; and he had his loaded fowling-piece with the but-end resting on the foot-board, and the barrels between his legs, while he was smoking a cigar. By some accident or other, the fowling-piece was slipping off the car, and he stooped forward to snatch it; when the hammer, which was unfortunately down, came in contact with the foot-board —one of the barrels exploded—the contents passed upwards into the cavity.of the chest, carrying away a portion of the heart, came out under the windpipe, and en- tering again under the chin, went through the head. Crying, " Stop; 0 God l I am shot, he fell forward, vomited a quantity of blood, and immediately expired without a groan.

Results of the Registrar-General's return of mortality in the Metropolis for the week ending on Saturday last— Number of Autumn Annual- deaths. average. averaged Zymotic (or Epidemic, Endemic, and Contagious) Diseases . 179 ... 208 • .. 198 Dropsy, Cancer, and other diseases of uncertain or variable seat 127 ... 104 ... 104 Diseases of the Brain, Spinal Marrow. Nerves, and Senses 153 151 . • • 157 Diseases of the Lungs, and of the other Organs of Respiration 222 ... 313 ... 294 Disease. of the Heart and Blood-vessels 81 ... 29 ... 27 Diseases of the Stomach, Liver, and other Organs of Digestion 93 ... 70 ... 72 era, Childbirth, diseases of the 'Uterus, @e 15 ... 11 ... 10

Rheumatisan,sliseases of the Bones, Joists, Sc. Diseases of the Skin, Cellular Tissue, dm

Old Age 29 - ... 68 ... 87

Violence, Privation, Cold, and Intemperance 26 Total (including unspecified causes) ' 985 - ... 1,000- ... 968- • The temperature of the thermometer ran from 76.7° in the sun to 39.3° in the shade; the mean temperature by day g colder than the average mean temperatuie.by 0.55', The mean direction of the wind for theweek was ,South-weft,